List of mormoopids
Mormoopidae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and is part of the microbat suborder. Members of this family are called mormoopids (Latin pronunciation: [/ˌmɔrmoʊˈɑpəds/]) and include ghost-faced bats, naked-backed bats, and mustached bats. They are found in South America, Central America, and southern North America, primarily in forests and caves, though some can be found in savannas. They range in size from the sooty mustached bat, at 4 cm (2 in) plus a 1 cm (0.4 in) tail, to the ghost-faced bat, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 4 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, mormoopids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have forearm lengths ranging from 3 cm (1 in) to 7 cm (3 in). They are all insectivorous.[1] No mormoopids have population estimates, though the Paraguana moustached bat is categorized as an endangered species.
The eighteen extant species of Mormoopidae are divided into two genera: Mormoops, with two species, and Pteronotus, with nine species. A few extinct prehistoric mormoopid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]
Conventions
[edit]| Conservation status | |
|---|---|
| EX | Extinct (0 species) |
| EW | Extinct in the wild (0 species) |
| CR | Critically endangered (0 species) |
| EN | Endangered (1 species) |
| VU | Vulnerable (0 species) |
| NT | Near threatened (0 species) |
| LC | Least concern (10 species) |
| Other categories | |
| DD | Data deficient (0 species) |
| NE | Not evaluated (7 species) |
The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the mormoopid's range is provided. Ranges and author citations are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.
Classification
[edit]The family Mormoopidae consists of eighteen species in two genera: Mormoops and Pteronotus.
Family Mormoopidae
- Genus Mormoops (ghost-faced bats): two species
- Genus Pteronotus (mustached bats): sixteen species
Mormoopids
[edit]The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN SSC Bat Specialist Group and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3][4][5]
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antillean ghost-faced bat
|
M. blainvillei Leach, 1821 |
Caribbean | Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[6] Habitat: Caves[7] |
LC Unknown  [7] |
| Ghost-faced bat
|
M. megalophylla (Peters, 1864) Four subspecies
|
Southern North America, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[6] Habitat: Forest and caves[8] |
LC Unknown  [8] |
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Big naked-backed bat
|
P. gymnonotus (Wagner, 1843) |
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[6] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[9] |
LC Unknown  [9] |
| Clarion mustached bat | P. alitonus Pavan, Bobrowiec, & Percequillo, 2018 |
Northeastern South America | Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[10] Habitat: Caves and forest[11] |
NE Unknown |
| Davy's naked-backed bat
|
P. davyi Gray, 1838 Two subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America |
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[6] Habitat: Forest and caves[12] |
LC Unknown [12] |
| Dusky mustached bat | P. fuscus J. A. Allen, 1911 |
Northern South America | Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[10] Habitat: Caves and forest[11] |
NE Unknown |
| Macleay's mustached bat
|
P. macleayii (Gray, 1839) Two subspecies
|
Cuba and Jamaica | Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[6] Habitat: Caves[13] |
LC Unknown [13] |
| Mesoamerican common mustached bat
|
P. mesoamericanus Smith, 1972 |
Southern Mexico and Central America | Size: 7–8 cm (3–3 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[10] Habitat: Forest[14] |
LC Unknown [14] |
| Mexican mustached bat | P. mexicanus Miller, 1902 |
Mexico | Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[10] Habitat: Caves and forest[11] |
NE Unknown |
| Paraguana moustached bat | P. paraguanensis (Linares & Ojasti, 1974) |
Northern Venezuela | Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[10] Habitat: Forest and caves[15] |
EN Unknown [15] |
| Parnell's mustached bat
|
P. parnellii Gray, 1843 Two subspecies
|
Mexico, Central America, and northern and central South America |
Size: About 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[10] Habitat: Caves and forest[11] |
LC Unknown [11] |
| Puerto Rican mustached bat | P. portoricensis Miller, 1902 |
Puerto Rico | Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[10] Habitat: Caves and forest[11] |
NE Unknown |
| Sooty mustached bat | P. quadridens (Gundlach, 1840) Two subspecies
|
Caribbean | Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[6] Habitat: Caves[16] |
LC Unknown [16] |
| Tawny naked-backed bat | P. fulvus Thomas, 1892 |
Mexico and northern Central America | Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) long tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[6] Habitat: Forest and caves[12] |
NE Unknown |
| Tehuantepec mustached bat | P. psilotis Dobson, 1878 |
Mexico and northern Central America | Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) long tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[6] Habitat: Caves and forest[11] |
NE Unknown |
| Tiny mustached bat | P. pusillus G. M. Allen, 1917 |
Dominican Republic and Haiti | Size: About 5 cm (2 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[10] Habitat: Caves and forest[11] |
NE Unknown |
| Wagner's common mustached bat
|
P. rubiginosus Wagner, 1843 |
Central America and northern South America | Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[10] Habitat: Forest[17] |
LC Unknown [17] |
| Wagner's mustached bat
|
P. personatus Wagner, 1843 |
Mexico, Central America, and northern and central South America |
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[6] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[18] |
LC Unknown [18] |
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References
[edit]- ↑ Nowak, p. 119
- ↑ "Fossilworks: Mormoopidae". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Archived from the original on February 19, 2025. Retrieved February 18, 2025.
- ↑ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 426-427
- ↑ "Mormoopidae". Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
- ↑ Simmons, Nancy B.; Cirranello, Andrea L. (2026). "Mormoopidae". Bat Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Database. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 492
- 1 2 Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2016). "Mormoops blainvillei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T13877A22085914. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T13877A22085914.en.
- 1 2 Davalos, L.; Molinari, J.; Mantilla-Meluk, H.; Medina, C.; Pineda, J.; Rodriguez, B. (2019). "Mormoops megalophylla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T13878A22086060. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T13878A22086060.en.
- 1 2 Solari, S. (2019). "Pteronotus gymnonotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T18706A22077065. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T18706A22077065.en.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 493
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Solari, S. (2016). "Pteronotus parnellii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T88017638A22077695. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T88017638A22077695.en.
- 1 2 3 Solari, S.; Davalos, L. (2019). "Pteronotus davyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T18705A22077399. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T18705A22077399.en.
- 1 2 Mancina, C.; Solari, S. (2019). "Pteronotus macleayii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T18707A22077903. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T18707A22077903.en.
- 1 2 Solari, S. (2016). "Pteronotus mesoamericanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T88018392A88018395. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T88018392A88018395.en.
- 1 2 Solari, S. (2016). "Pteronotus paraguanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136610A21987754. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136610A21987754.en.
- 1 2 Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2016). "Pteronotus quadridens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T18710A22076753. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T18710A22076753.en.
- 1 2 Solari, S. (2016). "Pteronotus rubiginosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T88018592A88018595. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T88018592A88018595.en.
- 1 2 Davalos, L.; Molinari, J.; Mantilla-Meluk, H.; Medina, C.; Pineda, J.; Rodriguez, B. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Pteronotus personatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T18709A115145223. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T18709A22076876.en.
Sources
[edit]- Chernasky, Amy; Motis, Anna; Burgin, Connor, eds. (2023). All the Mammals of the World. Lynx Nature Books. ISBN 978-84-16728-66-4.
- Simmons, Nancy B. (2005). Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
- Nowak, Ronald M. (1994). Walker's Bats of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4986-2.