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List of early third-generation computers

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of early third-generation computers, tabulates those computers using monolithic integrated circuits (ICs) as their primary logic elements, starting from small-scale integration CPUs (SSI) to large-scale integration CPUs (LSI). Computers primarily using ICs first came into use about 1961 for military use. With the availability of reliable low-cost ICs in the mid 1960s commercial third-generation computers using ICs started to appear.

The fourth generation of computers began with the shipment of CPS-1, the first commercial microprocessor microcomputer, in 1972 and for the purposes of this list marks the end of the "early" third-generation computer era. Third-generation computers were offered well into the 1990s.

The list is organized by delivery year to customers or production/operational date. In some cases only the first computer from any one manufacturer is listed. Computers announced, but never completed, are not included. Computers without documented manual input (keyboard/typewriter/control unit) are also not included.

Aerospace and military computers (1961–1971)

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1961

1962

1963

1965

1967

1970

1971

  • AN/GYK-12 Militarized version of Litton L-3050

Commercial computers (1965–1971)

[edit]

This table of commercial third-generation computers has been constructed by merging of several lists of computers[41][42][43][44] offered from February 1965, the date of the shipment of the first commercial third-generation computer, through 1971 and then finding reliable sources as to the generation of the models listed and the associated dates.

Date[a]ManufacturerModelComment
Feb 1965Scientific Data SystemsSDS 92First commercial third-generation computer
Sep 1965Systems Engineering Laboratories, Inc.810
Oct 1965ASI Computer Division of Electro-Mechanical Research, Inc.[b]ASI 6070[47]
Nov 1965Systems Engineering Laboratories, Inc.840
Dec 1965Honeywell Information Systems2200[48]
Jan 1966Computer Control CompanyDDP-124
Jan 1966Honeywell Information Systems1200[48]
Feb 1966ASI Computer Division of Electro-Mechanical Research, Inc.[b]ASI 6050[47]
Feb 1966Honeywell Information Systems120[48]
Jun 1966Honeywell Information SystemsDDP 516[49]
Jul 1966RCASpectra 70/35, /45 & /55
Aug 1966Systems Engineering Laboratories, Inc.810A/840A
Nov 1966FerrantiArgus 400
Nov 1966Hewlett-Packard, Co.2116A
Dec 1966Business Information TechnologyBIT 480[50][51]
Dec 1966Scientific Data SystemsSigma 7
Jan 1967Scientific Data SystemsSigma 2
Feb 1967General ElectricGE 4020[52] (in Japanese)
Mar 1967Interdata, Inc.Interdata 3
Apr 1967Electronic Associates, Inc.EAI 640[53]
May 1967Honeywell Information Systems4200[48]
May 1967Standard Computer CorporationIC6000[54]
Jun 1967Univac9200 & 9300
Jun 1967Varian Data Machines620/i
Aug 1967BurroughsB2500/3500 [55]: 473 
Aug 1967Xerox Data SystemsSigma 5
Sep 1967Elbit Computers, Ltd.100[56]
Oct 1967MarconiMyriad II[57]Uses DTL
Oct 1967ASI Computer Division of Electro-Mechanical Research, Inc.[b]ASI 6130[58]
Oct 1967Digiac Corporation3080C[59]
Oct 1967Raytheon Computer703[60]
Dec 1967Honeywell Information Systems125[61]
Jan 1968Systems Engineering Laboratories, Inc.840MP
Jan 1968General Automation, Inc.SPC-12
Apr 1968Computer Automation, Inc.PDC 808Uses DTL circuits
Apr 1968Digital Equipment Corp.PDP-8/I[62]
Apr 1968Hewlett-Packard, Co.2115A
c. Apr 1968SpearMicro-LINC 300Uses MECL
May 1968Texas Instruments, Inc980[63]
Jun 1968Honeywell Information Systems1648[64]
Jul 1968Hewlett-Packard, Co.2116B
Jul 1968Redcor CorporationRC-70[65]
Aug 1968Honeywell Information Systems1250[61]
Sep 1968Honeywell Information Systems110[48]
Sep 1968National Cash RegisterCentury 100
Sep 1968Standard Computer CorporationIC4000[54]
Sep 1968Systems Engineering Laboratories, Inc.810B
Oct 1968Digital Equipment Corp.PDP-8/L[62]
Oct 1968Hewlett-Packard, Co.2114A
Oct 1968Varian Data Machines520/i
Nov 1968General Automation, Inc.SPC-8
Nov 1968RCASpectra 70/46
Dec 1968Bailey Meter855
Dec 1968Computer Automation, Inc.PDC 816Used TTL for logic
Dec 1968Honeywell Information SystemsDDP 416[66]
Dec 1968Honeywell Information SystemsH632[67][68]
Dec 1968Micro Systems, IncMicro 800/810[69][c]TTL MSI, Core Memory, Microprogrammed
1968Fujitsu, Ltd.FACOM230-25, -35, -45
Feb 1969Data GeneralNova
Feb 1969Honeywell Information Systems8200
Mar 1969Fujitsu, Ltd.FACOM-R[70][d]
Mar 1969Lockheed ElectronicsMAC-16
Mar 1969Raytheon Computer706[71]
Apr 1969BurroughsB8500[72]
Apr 1969Philips Electrologica LimitedP350 series[73]
Apr 1969Scientific Control CorporationSCC 4700[74]
May 1969Datacraft CorporationDC-6024/1[75][76][77]
May 1969Univac9400
Jun 1969National Cash RegisterCentury 200[78]
Jun 1969Honeywell Information SystemsH316[49]
Jun 1969Standard Computer CorporationIC7000[54]
Jul 1969BurroughsB6500 [55]: 449 
Aug 1969Westinghouse Electric2500[79]
Sep 1969Tempo Computers, Inc.1/1-A[80]
Nov 1969Hewlett-Packard, Co.2114B
Dec 1969IBM360/85
Dec 1969Xerox Data SystemsSigma 3
1969International Computers and TabulatorsICT 1900A
Jan 1970Business Information TechnologyBIT 483[81]
Jan 1970GRI Computer Corp.GRI 909[82]
Jan 1970IBMSystem/3
Feb 1970Digital Equipment Corp.PDP-15[62]
Feb 1970Honeywell Information Systems3200[48]
Feb 1970Datacraft CorporationDC-6024/3[83][76][77]
Feb 1970CIIIris 50
Early 1970U. of IllinoisILLIAC IV
Mar 1970Digital Scientific Corp.META 4[84]
Apr 1970Digital Equipment Corp.PDP-11/20[62]
Apr 1970Raytheon Computer704[85]
Apr 1970Viatron Computer Systems Corp.Viatron 2140 & 2150
May 1970Data GeneralSuperNova
May 1970General Automation, Inc.SPC-16
Jun 1970Texas Instruments, Inc960[63]
Jul 1970Unicomp, Inc.COMP-16[86]
Aug 1970Digital Computer Controls, IncDCC-112[56]
Sep 1970RCASpectra 70/60
Sep 1970Wang Laboratories, Inc.Wang 3300
Sep 1970Philips Business Systems, Inc.P850/855/860[87]
Fall 1970Datamate Computer Systems, Inc.70[88]
before Nov 1970GRI Computer Corporation99[89]
before Nov 1970Varisystems CorporationPAC-16/2[90]
Dec 1970Modular Computer Systems, IncIII[91]
1970Fujitsu, Ltd.FACOM230-15
1970Unicomp, Inc.COMP-18[86]
Jan 1971IBM370/155
Feb 1971RCASpectra 70/61
Mar 1971Digital Equipment Corp.PDP-8/E[62]
Mar 1971General ElectricGE 655
Apr 1971Data General Corp.Nova 800
Apr 1971IBM370/165
Jun 1971IBM370/145
Dec 1971Data General Corp.Nova 1200
1971Fujitsu, Ltd.FACOM230-45S

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Unless otherwise noted date is "first customer shipment" or "first practical demonstration" taken from the following sources listed in priority order:
    1. Dates with reliable sources in linked Wikipedia articles
    2. Digital Computer Census (1964-1974)[92]
    3. Auerbach EDP Series No.4 - Minicomputers,[42] Appendix C. Product Comparison charts
    4. Dead Medium: Dead computational platforms, dead mainframes, and their dates[41]
    To the extent there is a conflict between sources, only the highest priority source is used.
  2. 1 2 3 ASI became EMR-Computer in 1964.[45] Later sold to Univac.[46]
  3. ↑ Sold in Europe as Intertechnique Multi-8
  4. ↑ Generation 3 estimated based upon dates of other older models from manufacturer

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "1961 Pictorial Report on the Computer Field". Journal of Computers and Automation. 10 (12). Newtonville, Massachusetts: Berkeley Enterprises Inc.: 85 December 1961.
  2. ↑ "Solid Circuit Semiconductor Network Computer, 6.3 Cubic inches in Size, is Demonstrated in Operation by U.S. Air Force and Texas Instruments". History of Innovation. Texas Instruments. 1961-10-19. Archived from the original on 2006-01-08. Retrieved 2006-01-08.
  3. ↑ "IEEE International Convention Record". 10 (1–5). 1962: 50. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ↑ Texas Instruments (January 1965). "Series 51 RCTL". Bulletin SCA-1000: Digital Semiconductor Integrated Circuits. pp. 2–3, 9–11.
  5. ↑ Dummer, G. W. A.; Robertson, J. Mackenzie (1965). "Texas Instruments Series 51 Semiconductor Networks". American Microelectronics Data Annual 1964–65. Macmillan. pp. 596–650. ISBN 9781483185491. Archived from the original on 2019-07-04.
  6. ↑ Laws, David A. (2009). "1962: Aerospace systems are the first applications for ICs in computers". In Laws, David A.; McClure, Jim; Riordan, Michael (eds.). IC at fifty. Mountain View, California: Computer History Museum. p. 26.
  7. ↑ Texas Instruments (1961). A Molecular Electronic Computer (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-04. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  8. ↑ "Section VI: Theory of Operation of the ASD Semiconductor-Network Computer". DTIC AD0273850: Silicon Semiconductor Networks Manufacturing Methods. 1962. pp. 67–113.
  9. ↑ "Micrologic / MARTAC 420 ad". Aviation Week: 286. 2 July 1962.
  10. ↑ "Across the Editor's Desk: New Products – Radical New Computer With Subminiaturized Multiple Circuits". Computers and Automation. XI (7): 19. Jul 1962.
  11. ↑ Hamlin, William O. (January 1963). "Microelectronics". Electronics World. 69 (1): 31. Designed primarily for ICBM pre-launch checkout and control [...]
  12. ↑ MARTAC 420 : a multipurpose digital control computer | 102762874 | Computer History Museum. Martin Company. 1962. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
  13. ↑ Use of integrated circuitry in a digital system | 102762873 | Computer History Museum. www.computerhistory.org (Report). Martin Company. 1962. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
  14. 1 2 Langdon, Glen G. Jr (2012). Logic Design: A Review Of Theory And Practice. Elsevier. p. 29. ISBN 9780323160452.
  15. 1 2 Gill, Jas; Swann, Peter (2002). Corporate Vision and Rapid Technological Change: The Evolution of Market Structure. Routledge. pp. 140–141. ISBN 9781134874767.
  16. ↑ Army. Association of the United States Army. August 1962. p. 63.
  17. ↑ MAGIC : an advanced computer for Spaceborne Guidance Systems | 102770287 | Computer History Museum. www.computerhistory.org (Report). October 1962. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
  18. ↑ "MAGIC Documents". www.bitsavers.org. p. MAGIC I Characteristics - p. 2 of the Organization_Of_MAGIC_II_Nov63.
  19. ↑ Kearfott Aerospace Digital Computers | 102646245 | Computer History Museum. General Precision, Inc. 1967-05-01. pp. 20–21. Circuitry: Silicon planar epitaxial semiconductor IC
  20. ↑ Faber, Rodney B. (1985). Essentials of solid state electronics. John Wiley & Sons Australia, Limited. p. 306. ISBN 9780471865759.
  21. ↑ Computer Design. Computer Design Publishing Corporation. 1962. p. 35.
  22. ↑ "Fabrication of IC devices". www.tpub.com. Retrieved 2019-01-11.
  23. ↑ "BRL Report 1964". ed-thelen.org. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  24. ↑ "24-bit Computer Chapter". vipclubmn.org. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  25. ↑ "Across the Editor's Desk: Computing and Data Processing Newsletter – Front Cover Story: New Aerospace Computer Features Circuit "Chips" and Thin-Film Memory". Computers and Automation. XII (2): 1, 5, 40. Feb 1963.
  26. ↑ "Across the Editor's Desk: Computing and Data Processing Newsletter – UNIVAC 1824 Microelectronic Aerospace Computer". Computers and Automation. XIV (3): 47. Mar 1965.
  27. ↑ "UNIVAC brochure". www.honeysucklecreek.net. 1969. pp. 18–19, 26. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  28. ↑ "Aerospace Computer UNIVAC 1824" (PDF). product information. pp. C-13-1 - C-13-4 (43-46).
  29. ↑ Electronics. Vol. 39. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. Jul 1966. p. 200.
  30. ↑ "See the difference in Minuteman computers". Aviation Week & Space Technology: 64–65. 25 May 1964.
  31. ↑ SCA-1000 TI Digital Semiconductor Integrated Circuits. Texas Instruments. Jan 1965. pp. 3, 14.
  32. ↑ The Apollo guidance computer: Hardware
  33. ↑ "Apollo Integrated Circuits and Reliability". klabs.org.
  34. ↑ Baechler 1967, Table 2 no 14 (p. 23 in reader).
  35. ↑ Baechler 1969, Table 1 no 16 (p. 9 in reader)
  36. ↑ Strohl, Elaine K.; Kilgore, Yvonne H.; Sass, Margo A.; Goldstein, Gordon D. (October 1965). "Computers and Data Processing, North AMerica: 4. Honeywell, Inc., H-8200, Wellesley, Massachusetts - Fully Integrated". Digital Computer Newsletter. 17 (4). Arlington, Va.: Office of Naval Research: 8. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021.
  37. ↑ Dummer, G. W. A.; Robertson, J. Mackenzie (2013). "Transitron HLTTL series (military and industrial)". Anglo–American Microelectronics Data 1968–69: Manufacturers R–Z. Elsevier. pp. 2912–2915. ISBN 9781483150604.
  38. ↑ Study for a flight failure warning and analysis PEM system Final report. 1965. pp. 6, 56, 69.
  39. ↑ Baechler 1967, Table 2 no 16 and 27 (p. 23 in reader).
  40. ↑ Baechler 1967, Table 2 no 35 (p. 23 in reader).
  41. ↑ Watson, Bruce P.; Knight, Dr. Kennethe E. (c. 1976). "Dead Medium: Dead computational platforms, dead mainframes, and their dates". Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  42. ↑ "Minicomputers - EDP Series, No. 4" (PDF). Bitsavers. Auerbach. March 1971. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  43. ↑ "Minicomputers" (PDF). Bitsavvers. Modern Data. June 1971. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  44. ↑ Sidowsksi, Joseph B. (1970). "Minicomputers" (PDF). Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation. 2 (6): 267–288. doi:10.3758/BF03211027. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  45. ↑ "Charles Babbage Institute: The Computing Industry in Minnesota > A-B: Advanced Scientific Instruments". www.cbi.umn.edu.
  46. ↑ "Univac Set to Acquire EMR". Computerworld. Vol. VI, no. 44. IDG Enterprise. 1 November 1972. p. 21.
  47. 1 2 "Advance Series Expanded From Two to Five Systems". Archive.org. Computers and Automation. July 1965. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Honeywell Series 200 and 2000" (PDF). Bitsavers. DataPro Research Corp. April 1974. pp. 2–3. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
  49. 1 2 "Early Honeywell Mini-Computers". Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  50. ↑ "Model 480 general purpose desk-top computer". Computers and Automation (12): 23. Dec 1966.
  51. ↑ Datamation, April 1968, p.19
  52. ↑ computerfiles :: ComputerIndustryAnnual 1967-68
  53. ↑ EAI 640
  54. 1 2 3 "Documents on Standard Computer Corp Models 4000, 6000 and 7000". Bitsavers. c. 1968. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
  55. 1 2 Auerbach Computer Notebook International 1969. 1969.
  56. 1 2 elbit :: ELBIT 100 Brochure 1969
  57. ↑ "Marconi 'Myriad II' Digital Computer Type L 4001" (PDF). Marconi Catalogues 1958-1969 - Radar Extracts. c. 1968. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  58. ↑ Datamation, May 1966, p.16
  59. ↑ Datamation, Apr 1970, p. 331
  60. ↑ "703 IC Systems Computer, Reference and Interface Manual" (PDF). Bitsavers. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  61. 1 2 "BULL computers chronological history, Honeywell (1955-1985)". www.feb-patrimoine.com. Virtual Museum of French computers. April 22, 2002. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 Bell, Gordon; et al. (1978). Computer Engineering - A DEC View Of Hardware Systems Design. Digital Press. pp. 116. ISBN 0-932376-00-2.
  63. 1 2 Model 960, Texas Instruments
  64. ↑ "Honeywell Series 16 Low-Cost Time-Sharing System" (PDF). Computers And Automation. March 1969. p. 55. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
  65. ↑ "RC 70 Computer Reference Manual". Redcor Corporation. March 1969. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  66. ↑ "u-Comp DDP-416 General Purpose I/C Computer" (PDF). Bitsavers. Honeywell Computer Control Division. 1967. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
  67. ↑ "Model 632-001 Series 32 Technical Bulletin" (PDF). Bitsavers. Honeywell Computer Control Division. 1968. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  68. ↑ "Honeywell H632 brochure" (PDF). s3data.computerhistory.org. 1968.
  69. ↑ "MICRO 800 Computer Reference Manual" (PDF). Bitsavers. Micro Systems, Inc. June 1969. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  70. ↑ "FACOM R". Fujitsu, Ltd. 1969. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  71. ↑ "Raytheon 706 Users Manual" (PDF). Bitsavers. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  72. ↑ Lynch, John T (August 1965). "The Burroughs B8500". Datamation. pp. 59–60.
  73. ↑
  74. ↑ "SCC 4700 Computer Reference Manual" (PDF). Bitsavers. 1969. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
  75. ↑ "Series 6000 Computer System (logic diagrams)" (PDF). Bitsavers. Datacraft Corp. c. 1970. Retrieved March 28, 2019.[page needed]
  76. 1 2 Berkeley, Edmund Callis (1972). "DATACRAFT CORP". Computers and Automation. 21. Edmund C. Berkeley and Associates: 21. Manufacture and sell DC 6024/1, 3, 5 third generation, 24 bit computers
  77. 1 2 Later sold as part of Harris Computer Systems' Slash Series (Slash 1, 3, 4 and 5)
  78. ↑ "The Core Memory". Retrieved April 16, 2019. Monolithic integrated logic circuitry is used throughout the Century components.
  79. ↑ "Westinghouse 2500 Computer Reference Manual" (PDF). Bitsavers. Westinghouse Computer and Instrumentation Division. September 1971. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
  80. ↑ "Tempo I system Reference Manual" (PDF). Bitsavers. Tempo Computers, Inc. November 25, 1969. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
  81. ↑ Chuck(G) (November 15, 2009). "Thread: Bits 483". Retrieved March 25, 2019. the logic appears to be commodity TTL,...
  82. ↑ GRI 909 manuals
  83. ↑ Datamation, Mar 15, 1970, p. 62
  84. ↑ McDonald, J; et al. (September 25, 1973). "Three ECL designs for microprogrammable Writable Control Stores". Conference record of the 6th annual workshop on Microprogramming - MICRO 6. ACM. pp. 26–43. doi:10.1145/800203.806232. ISBN 9781450377836. S2CID 17743482.
  85. ↑ "704 IC Systems Computer, Technical Manual" (PDF). Bitsavers. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  86. 1 2 Ichnowski, Jeanne Astrin (c. 1972). "Catalog list of Unicomp material at Computer History Museum". Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  87. ↑ Philips mini computers P850/P855/P860
  88. ↑ "Datamate 70 Computer Reference Manual" (PDF). Bitsavers. 1970. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  89. ↑ GRI-99 System Reference Manual Oct72
  90. ↑ Varisystem
  91. ↑ System Designs Handbook, mudular computer systems
  92. "Digital Computer Census" (PDF). Bitsavers. Computers and People. January 22, 1962 – August 15, 1974. Retrieved March 31, 2019.

Works cited

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Further reading

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