// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhy did the Soviet computer go to therapy? It had a byte-sized ego.

This is the list of Soviet computer systems. The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

List of hardware

The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

Ministry of Radio Technology

Computer systems from the Ministry of Radio Technology:^[1]

Agat (Агат) — Apple II clone
ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ), IBM mainframe clone
ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ), IBM PC compatible
M series — series of mainframes and mini-computers
Minsk (Минск)
Poisk (Поиск) — IBM PC-XT clone
Setun (Сетунь) — unique balanced ternary computer.
Strela (Стрела)
Ural (Урал) — mainframe series
Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц)

Ministry of Instrument Making

Computer systems from the Ministry of Instrument Making:^[1]

Aragats (Арагац)
Iskra (Искра) — common name for many computers with different architecture
- Iskra-1030 — Intel 8086 XT clone
KVM-1 (КВМ-1)
SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) — most models were PDP-11 clones, while some others were HP 2100, VAX or Intel compatible

Ministry of the Electronics Industry

Computer systems from the Ministry of Electronics Industry:^[1]

Elektronika (Электроника) family
- DVK family (ДВК) — PDP-11 clones
- Elektronika BK-0010 (БК-0010, БК-0011) — LSI-11 clone home computer
- UKNC (УКНЦ) — educational, PDP11-like
- Elektronika 60, Elektronika 100
- Elektronika 85 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 350 (F11)
- Elektronika 85.1 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 380 (J11)
- Elektronika D3-28
- Elektronika SS BIS (Электроника СС БИС) — Cray clone

Soviet Academy of Sciences

BESM (БЭСМ) — series of mainframes
Besta (Беста) — Unix box, Motorola 68020-based, Sun-3 clone
Elbrus (Эльбрус) — high-end mainframe series
Kronos (Кронос)
MESM (МЭСМ) — first Soviet Union computer (1950)
M-1 — one of the earliest stored program computers (1950–1951)

ZX Spectrum clones

ATM Turbo
Byte
Blic
Dubna 48K – running at half the speed of the original
Hobbit
Pentagon
Radon 'Z'
Scorpion

Other

5E** (5Э**) series – military computers
- 5E51 (5Э51)
- 5E53 (5Э53)
- 5E76 (5Э76) – IBM/360 clone, military version
- 5E92 (5Э92)
- 5E92b (5Э92б)
A series — ES EVM-compatible military computers
Argon — a series of military real-time computers
AS-6 (АС-6) – multiprocessor computing complex, name is Russian abbreviation for "Connection Equipment – 6"
Dnepr (Днепр)
GVS-100 (ГВС-100, Гибридная Вичислителная Система) – Hybrid Computer System
Irisha (Ириша)
Juku (Юку) — Estonian school computer
Kiev (Киев)
Korvet (Корвет)
Krista (Криста)
Micro-80 (Микро-80) — experimental PC, based on 8080-compatible processor
Microsha (Микроша) — modification of Radio-86RK
MIR, МИР (uk:ЕОМ "МИР-1", uk:ЕОМ "МИР-2")
Nairi (Наири)
Orion-128 (Орион-128)
Promin (Проминь)
PS-2000, PS-3000 – multiprocessor supercomputers in the 1980s
Razdan (Раздан)
Radon — real-time computer, designed for anti-aircraft defense
Radio-86RK — simplified and modified version of Micro-80
Sneg^[2] (Снег)
Specialist (Специалист)
SVS
TsUM-1 (ЦУМ-1)
TIA-MC-1 An arcade system
UM (УМ)
UT-88
Vesna and Sneg^[2] — early mainframes

List of operating systems

For Kronos
- Kronos^[3]
For BESM
- D-68 (Д-68, Диспетчер-68, Dispatcher-68)
- DISPAK ("Диспетчер Пакетов," Dispatcher of the Packets)
- DUBNA ("ДУБНА")
For ES EVM
- DOS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM")
- OS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM")
For SM EVM
- RAFOS (РАФОС), FOBOS (ФОБОС) and FODOS (ФОДОС) — RT-11 clones
- OSRV (ОСРВ) — RSX-11M clone, one of the most popular Soviet multi-user systems
- DEMOS — BSD-based Unix-like; later was ported to x86 and some other architectures
- INMOS (ИНМОС, Инструментальная мобильная операционная система)
For 8-bit microcomputers
- MicroDOS (МикроДОС) — CP/M 2.2 clone
For ZX Spectrum clones
- iS-DOS, TASiS
- DNA-OS
For different platforms
- MISS (Multipurpose Interactive timeSharing System) – ES EVM ES1010, ES EVM ES1045, D3-28M, PC-compatible, etc.
MOS (operating system) – a Soviet clone of Unix in the 1980s

References

1 2 3 Judy, Richard W.; Clough, Robert W. (1989). "Soviet Computers in the 1980s: A Review of the Hardware". Advances in Computers. 29: 251–330. doi:10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60535-5. ISBN 9780120121298.
1 2 "Электронные вычислительные машины "Весна" и "Снег"". Archived from the original on 1 September 2006.
↑ "Google Code Archive – Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting". Archived from the original on 28 August 2010.

External links

Russian Virtual Computer Museum
Museum of the USSR Computers history
Pioneers of Soviet Computing
Archive software and documentation for Soviet computers UK-NC, DVK and BK0010.
Media related to Soviet computer systems at Wikimedia Commons

[judyclough-1] 1 2 3 Judy, Richard W.; Clough, Robert W. (1989). "Soviet Computers in the 1980s: A Review of the Hardware". Advances in Computers. 29: 251–330. doi:10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60535-5. ISBN 9780120121298.

[vesna-2] 1 2 "Электронные вычислительные машины "Весна" и "Снег"". Archived from the original on 1 September 2006.

[3] "Google Code Archive – Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting". Archived from the original on 28 August 2010.

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