Lameta Formation
| Lameta Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian ~ | |
Exposure of the Lameta Formation at its type locality of Lameta | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Underlies | Intertrappean Beds, Deccan Traps deposits |
| Overlies | Jabalpur Group or Precambrian Basement |
| Area | 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi) |
| Thickness | Variable, typically 18–45 m (59–148 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Claystone, sandstone limestone |
| Other | Conglomerate |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 23°12′N 80°00′E / 23.2°N 80.0°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 24°42′S 63°12′E / 24.7°S 63.2°E |
| Region | Western India |
| Country | India |
| Extent | Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Lameta Ghat |
The Lameta Formation, also known as the Infratrappean Beds (not to be confused with the contemporaneous Intertrappean Beds), is a sedimentary geological formation found in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh, India, associated with the Deccan Traps.[1] It is of the Maastrichtian age (Late Cretaceous), and is notable for its dinosaur fossils.
History
[edit]The first fossils found in the Lameta Formation were discovered between 1917 and 1919.[2]
The Lameta Formation was first identified in 1981 by geologists working for the Geological Survey of India (GSI), G. N. Dwivedi and Dhananjay Mahendrakumar Mohabey, after being given limestone structures–later recognised as dinosaur eggs–by workers of the ACC Cement Quarry in the village of Rahioli near the city Balasinor in the Gujarat state of western India.[3]
Lithology
[edit]
The formation is underlain by the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary "Upper Gondwana Sequence" also known as the Jabalpur Formation, and is overlain by the Deccan Traps basalt. The Lameta Formation is only exposed at the surface as small isolated outcrops associated with the Satpura Fault. The lithology of the formation, depending on the outcrop, consists of alternating clay, siltstone and sandstone facies, deposited in fluvial and lacustrine conditions. The environment at the time of deposition has alternatively been considered semi-arid, or tropical humid.[4][5]
Fossil content
[edit]Many dubious names have been created for isolated bones, but several genera of dinosaurs from these rocks are well-supported, including the titanosaur sauropods Isisaurus and Jainosaurus and the Abelisaurs Indosaurus, Indosuchus, and Rajasaurus and the Noasaurids Laevisuchus and ‘’Jubbulpuria’’.[6] Synapsids are also known form the formation, such as the possibly late surviving Avashishta, possibly the last known non- mammalian synapsid the possibly youngest known stegosaurian ichnogenus Deltapodus, madtsoiid snakes and other fossils.
Dinosaurs
[edit]
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Ornithischians
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosauria? Indet. | Indeterminate | Rahioli | Isolated vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, humerus, femur, and several armor fragments such as hollow lateral spikes and solid dorsal scutes.[7] | Described as a nodosaurid, but the limb bones are titanosaurian.[8] | ||
| Brachypodosaurus | B. gravis | Chota Simla Hill | "Humerus."[9] | May not be dinosaurian | ||
| Ceratopsia? Indet. | Indeterminate | Kheda | Horncore base. | Originally described as a ceratopsian horncore,[10] but likely represents a theropod limb element or a dorsal rib of a theropod or a titanosauriform.[11] | ||
| Deltapodus[12] | sp. | Jetholi | Solitary footprint. | A Possible Late Cretaceous Stegosaur, Like Dravidosaurus. | ||
| Hypsilophodontidae? Indet.[13] | Indeterminate. | Marepalli, Jabalpur | Teeth and other materials. | Hypsilophodontidae is not a natural grouping. | ||
| Ornithischia? Indet.[14] | Indeterminate | Kheda | GSI/GC/2905 | Originally identified as an indeterminate ornithischian braincase. Later found out to be a Titanosaur dorsal vertebra.[15] | ||
| Parankylosauria Indet. | Indeterminate | Rahioli | A parankylosaur | |||
| Spheroolithus? | sp. | Polgaon,
Tidkepar |
Egg fossils. | Questionably assigned to this genus[16] | ||
Sauropods
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isisaurus | I. colberti |
|
Holotype skeleton consists of cervical, dorsal, sacral, caudal vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, scapula, coracoid, left forelimb, and other bones. Other specimens, such as the skull, hindlimb, and foot bones, are unknown. | A lithostrotian titanosaur. | ||
| Jainosaurus | J. septentrionalis |
|
"Basicranium and partial postcranial skeleton."[18] "Humerus and Femur".[17] | A colossosaurian titanosaur. | ||
| J. cf. septentrionalis | Chhota Simla | Partial skeleton including a rib fragrement, caudal centrum, humeri, radius and an articulated left limb.[19] | ||||
| Titanosaurus | T. blanfordi |
|
Caudal vertebrae.[20] | A dubious genus of titanosaur.[21] | ||
| T. indicus |
|
Caudal Vertebrae, two partial rami of haemapophysis, partial left tibia, partial right fibula, and a partial referred femur.[2] | ||||
| T.? rahioliensis[22] | Rahioli Village | About 34 teeth in total. | Might not belong to this genus. | |||
| Megaloolithus[23] | M. cylindricus | Chui Hill, Bara Simla, Nand region, Pavan, Ghorpend, Bagh Caves, Dhar, Indwan, Kadwal, Dholiya Raipuriya village, Akhada village, Jhaba village, Padlya village, Jhabua, Dohad, Jhalod, Garadi, Kheda, Rahioli, Dholi Dungri. | Multiple specimens consist of fossilized egg shells that are covered in volcanic sediments | Sauropod egg fossils | ||
| M. dhoridungriensis | ||||||
| M. jabalpurensis | ||||||
| M. khempurensis | ||||||
| M. megadermus | ||||||
| M. problematica | ||||||
| M. walpurensis | ||||||
| M. sp. | ||||||
| Titanosauriformes Indet.[24] | Indeterminate | Ukala. | Dorsal vertebrae, parts of the ilia and pelvis, and limb bones. | A titanosauriform sauropod. | ||
| Sauropoda Indet.[25] | indeterminate | Rahioli | Several Humeri | The humeri ranges from 70 to 85 cm in length, they have gracility index that ranges from 73 to 78. | ||
| Titanosauria Indet.[26][27] | indeterminate | Temple Hill, Rahioli | disarticulated remains. | Discovered alongside the Rajasaurus holotype. | ||
| Bara Simla | partial skeleton, consisting of limb bones(including a femur), girdles, vertebrae(including cervical and caudal vertebrae) and a braincase. | An indeterminate Titanosaur. | ||||
| Rajulwari village[28] | 9 to 10th caudal vertebrae and a nearly complete hindlimb(with femur, tibia, fibula and phalanges) that measures 2.1 metres. | Orignally referred to Titanosaurus indicus. | ||||
| Taunri[17] | Post Cranial material. | Indeterminate titanosaurs. | ||||
Theropods
[edit]Abelisaurids
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abelisauroidea Indet. | Indeterminate | Multiple specimens.[29] | Could be referred to Abelisauridae or Noasauridae.[30] | |||
| Abelisauridae | Indeterminate | Multiple specimens. | Include form similar to Majungasaurus and forms similar to Carnotaurus.[29] | |||
| Compsosuchus | C. solus | Bara Simla | "Vertebrae" | Previously considered a Noasaurid now considered an indeterminate Abelisaurid[31] | ||
| Indosaurus | I. matleyi | Bara Simla | Partial skeleton, including a partial skull.[32] | A majungasaurine abelisaurid | ||
| Dryptosauroides | D. grandis | Bara Simla | "Vertebrae."[33] | A abelisaurd theropod | ||
| Ellipsoolithus[34] | E. khedaensis | Kheda | Eggs | Theropod egg fossils. | ||
| Indosuchus | I. raptorius | Bara Simla | Cranial remains, including two braincases, as well as a nearly complete skeleton.[32] | A abelisaurid theropod | ||
| Ornithomimoides | O. barasimlensis | Bara Simla | "Vertebrae."[33] | A abelisaurid theropod[35] | ||
| O. mobilis | Bara Simla | "Vertebrae"[33] | ||||
| Orthogoniosaurus | O. matleyi | Bara Simla | "Tooth"[33] | A abelisaurid theropod[36] | ||
| Rahiolisaurus | R. gujaratensis | Rahioli Village | Cervical, dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, portions of pectoral and pelvic girdles, and several hind limb bones of different individuals. | A brachyrostran abelisaurid | ||
| Rajasaurus | R. narmadensis | Temple Hill, Rahioli | A partial skeleton consists of maxillae, premaxillae, braincase, and quadrate bone on the skull; and spine, hip bone, legs, and tail in post-cranial remains. | A majungasaurine abelisaurid | ||
Noasaurids
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laevisuchus | L. indicus | Bara Simla | Only vertebrae.[32] | A noasaurine noasaurid. | ||
| Noasaurinae Indet. | Indeterminate | Pisdura Hill | A partial dentary.[35] | A noasaurine noasaurid. | ||
| Noasauridae Indet. | Indeterminate | Multiple specimens.[29] | May include femora from very large individuals.[30] | |||
Other Theropods
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coeluroides | C. largus | Bara Simla | "Isolated vertebrae."[33] | A Indeterminate theropod also known from Dabrazhin Formation of Kazakhstan | ||
| Jubbulpuria | J. tenuis | Bara Simla | "Vertebrae."[33] | Likely junior synonym of Laevisuchus[35] | ||
| ?Megalosaurus | Type A-E | Rahioli | Several teeth [22] | The overall length of the teeths ranges from 0.7 to 6 cm, all were originally identified as belonging to Megalosaurus,(beside GSI Type No. 19988 as it was identified as a Majungasaurus tooth).[22] However a specimen(GSI Type No. 19996) may instead represent a troodontid.[37] | ||
| Ornithomimidae? Indet.[38] | Indeterminate | Bara Simla | Ceratosaurian taxa from the Lameta Formation have been erroneously referred to ornithomimdae. | |||
| Theropoda Indet. | Indeterminate | GSI K27/572, fragmentary cervical vertebra. | Initially described as allosauroid. But the researchers didn't classify it as an abelisaurid, possibly representing a member of a clade outside of abelisauroidea, the preserved height of the vertebra is 16 cm.[29] | |||
| Trachoolithus[39] | T. faticanus | Bara Simla | Eggs. | Theropod egg fossils. | ||
Indeterminate or chimaeric taxa
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Dubeynarainsaurus" | "D. sahni" | Sirolkhal | "Partial dentary with associated teeth."[40] | May instead be a pterosaur,[40] proposed to be either belonging to the Infratrappean or Intertrappean beds, although if it were a pterosaur it would not be Maastrichtian.[41] | ||
| Lametasaurus | L. indicus | Bara Simla | "Sacrum, ilia, tibia."[33] "Sacrum, ilia, tibia, spines, armor."[42] | Includes crocodylomorph, titanosaur scutes and possibly ankylosaurian osteoderms.[8] Also includes abelisaurid material now removed from the type and is being assigned to the Rajasaurus.[3] | ||
Reptiles
[edit]Snakes
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madtsoia | M. pisdurensis[43] | Pidura Hill | Upper | A madtsoiid snake. | ||
| Sanajeh | S. indicus | Dholi Dungri | A skull, precloaca vertebrae and ribs. | A madtsoiid snake. | ||
Crocodylomorphs
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dyrosauridae Indet.[44][13][45] | Indeterminate. | Kisalpuri and Vikarabad. | Vertebrae, eggs and teeth. | A non-phosphatosaurinae dyrosaurid neosuchian. | ||
Turtles
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jainemys | J. pisdurensis | Pisdura hill | A kurmademydin kurmademydine. | |||
| Pelomedusidae Indet.[46][47] | Indeterminate | A turtle. | ||||
Mammals
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avashishta | A. bacharamensis[48] | Bacharam | A haramiyid mammaliaform. | |||
Fishes
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eoserranus[49] | E. hislopi | Maharashtra | "articulated specimens" | A percomorph fish. | ||
| Lepisosteus | L. indicus[49] | Maharashtra | "partial skull" | A lepisosteid fish. | ||
| Pycnodus[50] | P. lametae | Maharashtra | "articulated specimen and several teeth" | A pycnodontid fish. | ||
Mollusca
[edit]| Genus | Species | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mollusca | Indeterminate | ||
| Gastropoda | Indeterminate | ||
| Viviparus | V. normalis | ||
| Physa | P. sp. | ||
| Paludina | P. deccanensis | ||
| Lymnaea | L. subulata | ||
| Unio | U. sp. | ||
See also
[edit]- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
- Geology of India
- Deccan Traps
- Maevarano Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Madagascar
- Intertrappean Beds contemporaneous formation in India, also known for its fossils
References
[edit]- ↑ Wilson Mantilla, Gregory P.; Renne, Paul R.; Samant, Bandana; Mohabey, Dhananjay M.; Dhobale, Anup; Tholt, Andrew J.; Tobin, Thomas S.; Widdowson, Mike; Anantharaman, S.; Dassarma, Dilip Chandra; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A. (2022-04-01). "New mammals from the Naskal intertrappean site and the age of India's earliest eutherians". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 591 110857. Bibcode:2022PPP...59110857W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110857. ISSN 0031-0182.
- 1 2 F. v. Huene and C. A. Matley, (1933), "The Cretaceous Saurischia and Ornithischia of the Central Provinces of India", Palaeontologica Indica (New Series), Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 21(1): 1-74
- 1 2 Wilson, J. A.; Sereno, P. C.; Srivastava, S.; Bhatt, D. K.; Khosla, A.; Sahni, A. (2003). "A new abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lameta Formation (Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of India" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan. 31 (1): 1–42.
- ↑ Srivastava, Ashok K.; Mankar, Rupesh S. (January 2015). "Lithofacies architecture and depositional environment of Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation, central India". Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 8 (1): 207–226. Bibcode:2015ArJG....8..207S. doi:10.1007/s12517-013-1192-y. ISSN 1866-7511. S2CID 67851941.
- ↑ Kumari, Anjali; Singh, Seema; Khosla, Ashu (January 2021). "Palaeosols and palaeoclimate reconstruction of the Maastrichtian Lameta Formation, Central India". Cretaceous Research. 117 104632. Bibcode:2021CrRes.11704632K. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104632. S2CID 224946979.
- ↑ Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.517-606
- ↑ Chatterjee, Sankar (2020), "The Age of Dinosaurs in the Land of Gonds", in Prasad, Guntupalli V.R.; Patnaik, Rajeev (eds.), Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics: New Perspectives on Post-Gondwana Break-up–A Tribute to Ashok Sahni, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 181–226, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49753-8_8, ISBN 978-3-030-49753-8
- 1 2 Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolín, Federico; Manabe, Makoto; Tsuihiji, Takanobu; Novas, Fernando E. (2021-09-01). "Ornithischian remains from the Chorrillo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), southern Patagonia, Argentina, and their implications on ornithischian paleobiogeography in the Southern Hemisphere". Cretaceous Research. 125 104881. Bibcode:2021CrRes.12504881R. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104881. ISSN 0195-6671.
- ↑ "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 367.
- ↑ Dwivedi, G. N.; Ghevariya, Z. G. (1984). "Discovery of Dinosaurian Horncore from the Infra-Trappean Rocks of Kheda District, Gujarat". Current Science. 53 (21): 1148–1150. ISSN 0011-3891. JSTOR 24092279.
- ↑ Lamanna, Matthew C.; Smith, Joshua B.; Attia, Yousry S.; Dodson, Peter (2004). "From Dinosaurs to Dyrosaurids (Crocodyliformes): Removal of the Post-Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Record of Ornithischia from Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (3): 764–768. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0764:FDTDCR]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524765.
- ↑ Galton, Peter M.; Ayyasami, Krishnan (2017-07-01). "Purported latest bone of a plated dinosaur (Ornithischia: Stegosauria), a "dermal plate" from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of southern India". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 285 (1): 91–96. Bibcode:2017NJGPA.285...91G. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2017/0671. ISSN 0077-7749.
- 1 2 "Microvertebrates from the infratrappean beds of Rangareddi District, Andhra Pradesh and their biostratigraphic significance".
- ↑ D. M. Mohabey. 1989. The braincase of a dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation, Kheda District, Gujarat, western India. Indian Journal of Earth Sciences 16(2):132-135.
- ↑ Wilson, J.A.; Malkani, M. S.; Gingerich, P. D. 2004. A Sauropod Braincase from the Pab Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of Balochistan, Pakistan. Gondwana Geological Magazine, Special Volume 8:101-109.
- ↑ Khosla, Ashu; Lucas, Spencer G. (2020), "Indian Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Nesting Sites and Their Systematic Studies", Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Eggs and Eggshells of Peninsular India, vol. 51, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 117–205, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56454-4_4, ISBN 978-3-030-56453-7, retrieved 2024-02-13
- 1 2 3 Kumar, A.; Pal, S.; Bind, G.; Behera, B. (2026). "Titanosaurian postcranial remains from the Lameta Formation of a new fossiliferous site in Jabalpur District, Central India". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. doi:10.1080/08912963.2026.2714214.
- ↑ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 269.
- ↑ Wilson, Jeffrey A.; Barrett, Paul M.; Carrano, Matthew T. (September 2011). "An associated partial skeleton of Jainosaurus cf. septentrionalis (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Chhota Simla, Central India". Palaeontology. 54 (5): 981–998. Bibcode:2011Palgy..54..981W. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01087.x. hdl:2027.42/86940. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ↑ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 270.
- ↑ Wilson, Jeffrey A.; Upchurch, Paul (2003). "A revision ofTitanosaurusLydekker (dinosauria - sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a 'Gondwanan' distribution". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 1 (3): 125–160. Bibcode:2003JSPal...1..125W. doi:10.1017/s1477201903001044. ISSN 1477-2019.
- 1 2 3 Mathur, U. B.; Srivastava, S. (1987-06-01). "Dinosaur Teeth from Lameta Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Kheda District, Gujarat". Journal Geological Society of India. 29 (6): 554–566. Bibcode:1987JGSI...29..554M. doi:10.17491/jgsi/1987/290603. ISSN 0974-6889.
- ↑ Khosla, Ashu; Lucas, Spencer G. (2020), "Discussion: Oospecies Diversity, Biomineralization Aspects, Taphonomical, Biostratigraphical, Palaeoenvironmental, Palaeoecological and Palaeobiogeographical Inferences of the Dinosaur-Bearing Lameta Formation of Peninsular India", Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Eggs and Eggshells of Peninsular India, vol. 51, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 207–271, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56454-4_5, ISBN 978-3-030-56453-7, retrieved 2024-01-21
- ↑ "Deccan Continental Flood Basalt Eruption Terminated Indian Dinosaurs before the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary". ResearchGate.
- ↑ Mathur, U. B.; Pant, S. C. (1986). "Sauropod dinosaur humeri from Lameta Group (Upper Cretaceous-? Palaeocene) of Kheda district, Gujarat" (PDF). Journal of the Paleontological Society of India. 31 (1): 22–25. Bibcode:1986JPalS..31...22M. doi:10.1177/0971102319860104.
- ↑ Wilson, J. A., P. C. Sereno, S. Srivastava, D. K. Bhatt, A. Khosla, and A. Sahni. 2003. "A new abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lameta Formation (Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of India", Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology of the University of Michigan, 31:6
- ↑ Chatterjee, S. & D.K. Rudra (1996). "KT events in India: impact, rifting, volcanism and dinosaur extinction". Memoir of the Queensland Museum 39(3): 513
- ↑ PRASAD, K.N. & VERMA, K.K. (1967) "Occurrence of dinosaurian remains from the Lameta beds of Umrer, Nagpur district, Maharashtra". Current Science 36(2): 547-548.
- 1 2 3 4 Novas, Fernando; Agnolin, Federico; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati (2004). "Cretaceous theropods from India: A review of specimens described by Huene and Matley (1933)". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales: 67–103. doi:10.22179/REVMACN.6.74. S2CID 89198898.
- 1 2 "Ceratosauria".
- ↑ Mohabey, D. M.; Samant, B.; Vélez-Rosado, K. I.; Wilson Mantilla, J. A. (2024). "A review of small-bodied theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of India, with description of new cranial remains of a noasaurid (Theropoda: Abelisauria)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 43 (3). e2288088. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2288088.
- 1 2 3 "Table 3.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 49.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Table 3.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 50.
- ↑ D. M. Mohabey. 1998. Systematics of Indian Upper Cretaceous dinosaur and chelonian eggshells. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(2):348-362
- 1 2 3 Mohabey, Dhananjay M.; Samant, Bandana; Vélez-Rosado, Kevin I.; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A. (2024-02-07). "A review of small-bodied theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of India, with description of new cranial remains of a noasaurid (Theropoda: Abelisauria)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 43 (3) e2288088. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2288088. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ↑ "The history of dinosaur collecting in Central India, 1828-1947". ResearchGate.
- ↑ "Troodontidae".
- ↑ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
- ↑ Trachoolithus in the Paleobiology Database
- 1 2 Dubey, V. S (October 1946). "A note on the occurrence of Pterosauria in India" (PDF). Current Science. 15 (10): 287–288.
- ↑ Pentland, Adele H.; Poropat, Stephen F. (2023-07-01). "A review of the Jurassic and Cretaceous Gondwanan pterosaur record". Gondwana Research. 119: 341–383. Bibcode:2023GondR.119..341P. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2023.03.005. ISSN 1342-937X.
- ↑ "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 368.
- ↑ Mohabey, D.M.; Head, J.J.; Wilson, J.A. (2011). "A new species of the snake Madtsoia from the Upper Cretaceous of India and its paleobiogeographic implications". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (3): 588–595. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..588M. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.560220. S2CID 129792355.
- ↑ Rana, R. S. 1987. Dyrosaurid crocodile (Mesosuchia) from the infratrap pean beds of Vikarabad, Hyderabad District, Andhra-Pradesh. Cur rent Science 56:532-534
- ↑ Srivastava, Rahul; Patnaik, Rajeev; Shukla, U. K.; Sahni, Ashok (2015-12-07). "Crocodilian Nest in a Late Cretaceous Sauropod Hatchery from the Type Lameta Ghat Locality, Jabalpur, India". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0144369. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044369S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144369. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4671694. PMID 26641665.
- ↑ D. M. Mohabey. 1990. Discovery of dinosaur nesting site in Maharashtra. Gondwana Geological Magazine 3:32-34.
- ↑ S. L. Jain and A. Sahni. 1983. Some Upper Cretaceous vertebrates from central India and their palaeogeographic implications. In H. K. Maheshwari (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium on "Cretaceous of India: Palaeoecology, Palaeogeography and Time Boundaries", Lucknow. Indian Association of Palynostratigraphers 66-83.
- ↑ Anantharaman, S.; Wilson, G. P.; Sarma, D. C. Das; Clemens, W. A. (2006). "A Possible Late Cretaceous "Haramiyidan" from India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (2): 488–490. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[488:APLCHF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524590.
- 1 2 Woodward, Arthur Smith; Diener, Carl; Cossmann, Maurice; Buckman, S. S. (1909). The Brachiopoda of the Namyau Beds, Northern Shan States, Burma: By S. S. Buckman. Sold at the Office of the Geological Survey.
- ↑ Mohabey, D. M., & Udhoji, S. G. (1996). "Pycnodus lametae (Pycnodontidae), a Holostean Fish from Freshwater Upper Cretaceous Lameta Formation of Maharashtra". Journal of Geological Society of India, 47(5), 593–598.
Bibliography
[edit]- Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, retrieved 2019-02-21
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
- Geologic formations of India
- Upper Cretaceous Series of Asia
- Cretaceous India
- Maastrichtian Stage
- Shale formations
- Sandstone formations
- Limestone formations
- Deltaic deposits
- Fluvial deposits
- Lagoonal deposits
- Shallow marine deposits
- Tidal deposits
- Lacustrine deposits
- Ooliferous formations
- Paleontology in India
- Geology of Maharashtra
- Geography of Gujarat
- Geography of Madhya Pradesh
- World Heritage Tentative List for India






