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The Kirsch equations describe the elastic stresses around a hole in an infinite plate under one directional tension. They are named after Ernst Gustav Kirsch.

Result

Loading an infinite plate with a circular hole of radius a with stress σ, the resulting stress field is (the angle is with respect to the direction of application of the stress):

$\sigma _{rr}={\frac {\sigma }{2}}\left(1-{\frac {a^{2}}{r^{2}}}\right)+{\frac {\sigma }{2}}\left(1+3{\frac {a^{4}}{r^{4}}}-4{\frac {a^{2}}{r^{2}}}\right)\cos 2\theta$

$\sigma _{\theta \theta }={\frac {\sigma }{2}}\left(1+{\frac {a^{2}}{r^{2}}}\right)-{\frac {\sigma }{2}}\left(1+3{\frac {a^{4}}{r^{4}}}\right)\cos 2\theta$

$\sigma _{r\theta }=-{\frac {\sigma }{2}}\left(1-3{\frac {a^{4}}{r^{4}}}+2{\frac {a^{2}}{r^{2}}}\right)\sin 2\theta$

References

• Kirsch, 1898, Die Theorie der Elastizität und die Bedürfnisse der Festigkeitslehre. Zeitschrift des Vereines deutscher Ingenieure, 42, 797–807.