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Kang Gi-gap

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kang Gi-gap
Leader of the Unified Progressive Party
In office
May 2012[a] – 10 September 2012
Preceded byLee Jung-hee
Rhyu Si-min
Sim Sang-jung
Succeeded byKang Byung-gi
Leader of the Democratic Labor Party
In office
25 July 2008 – 30 July 2010
Preceded byCheon Young-se
Succeeded byLee Jung-hee
Member of the National Assembly
In office
30 May 2004 – 30 May 2011
ConstituencyProportional representation
Gyeongnam Sacheon
Personal details
Born (1953-06-07) June 7, 1953 (age 73)
PartyKorea's Farmer and Fisherman's Party (2023-present)
Other political
affiliations
Democratic Labor Party (2000-2011)
Unified Progressive Party (2011-2012)
Independent (2012-2023)[b]
SpousePark Young-ok (1992-)
Children3 sons 1 daughter
Signature

Kang Gi-gap (Korean: 강기갑, born June 7, 1953) is a South Korean farmer who has also worked as a journalist and politician, having started his career as a farmer's rights activist.[2] He served as a National Assembly member for the Democratic Labor Party during the 17th and 18th sessions and was a prominent progressive politician within the Democratic Labor Party and the Unified Progressive Party.[2] He was well-known for his distinctive appearance, characterised by traditional Korean attire, specifically hanbok and durumagi, rubber shoes and a beard.[3][4][5]

He served as vice-chairman of the National Farmers' Association and participated in the movement opposing the Korea-US FTA.[6] In 1991, while attending a rally in Seoul against the Uruguay Round, he became aware of the issue regarding unmarried rural men and garnered public attention by spearheading an initiative to help them find spouses.[7] He also worked as a regional bureau chief for The Hankyoreh newspaper and served as a director and auditor for the Sacheon-eup Agricultural Cooperative Federation.[8][9] After entering politics, he made headlines in December 2008 when a photograph of him protesting inside the office of the National Assembly deputy speaker against the "railroading" of an FTA-related bill went viral.[10][11] He had previously served as the Sacheon bureau chief of The Hankyoreh in 1988.[12] After retiring from politics, he returned to farming.[13] His Catholic baptismal name is Roberto.[14]

Career

[edit]

Early years

[edit]

Kang Gi-gap was born on June 7, 1953, in Sacheon, South Gyeongsang Province, as the third son of Kang Jin-gyu.[15] He has two older brothers and a younger brother. He also has four sisters. At the age of 39, he married Park Young-ok, and they have three sons and one daughter.[16]

Although he was once threatened with suspension from school, he managed to avoid it by displaying his eloquence and quick wit. After graduating from Sadong Elementary School, he went on to Sacheon Middle School, where he was reportedly a relatively quiet student. He graduated from Sacheon Middle School in 1968 and subsequently entered and graduated from Sacheon Agricultural High School.[15][17]

Activities of Farmers' Organisations

[edit]

Early stages of activities by agricultural and farmers' organisations

[edit]

After graduating from Sacheon Agricultural High School in 1971, he engaged in farming, including dairy and fruit cultivation. Shortly after he began farming, he injured his back and took a break for about two years; during this time, his family arranged other employment for him as farming was not proving profitable. However, he resisted the temptation to pursue other work and returned to agriculture. At one point in 1988 he joined The Hankyoreh newspaper as a reporter and served as the head of its Sacheon-gun bureau.[17][18]

In 1976 he joined the Catholic Farmers' Association and began balancing farming with participation in the farmers' movement. Following the rise of the Chun Doo-hwan regime in 1980, the crackdown on the farmers' movement intensified, and he faced persecution by the government. Many activists abandoned the movement during this period. Overcome by disappointment and frustration regarding the farmers, the rural communities, and his departing colleagues—and feeling that he could not continue the movement while harbouring such resentment toward the farmers—Kang entered a monastery and became a lay brother. However, in 1987, having resolved his lingering bitterness regarding rural life, he returned to the countryside.[17]

He served as the head of the Sacheon Gyeongnam province of the Catholic Farmers' Association in 1988, and the head of the Gyeongsangnam federation of the same association from 1987 to 1991. From 1989 to 1991, he chaired the National Committee on Marriage Measures for Rural Bachelors. He participated in the formation of the Sacheon Farmers' Association in 1990 and became the head of the Sacheon City Farmers' Association in 1996. He also served as the vice-chairman of the Korean Peasants League.[19]

Activities of the National Farmers' Association and the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (NACF)

[edit]

When the decision to open the market to imports was made during the 1991 Uruguay Round, many farmers travelled to Seoul to stage protests; Kang Gi-gap was among them, leading demonstrations before being detained by police. While in the detention centre, he had a realisation. Exchanging greetings with fellow activists from various regions, he discovered a large number of unmarried male farmers in their mid-thirties or older. He immediately organised the "Committee for Addressing Marriage Issues for Rural Bachelors" and assumed the role of its chairman. Many rural bachelors and farmers sought out the committee, and the initiative garnered significant attention by successfully facilitating marriages for approximately 130 couples.[19]

He became a delegate to the Korean Peasants League (KPL) in 1998 and served as the vice-chair of the KPL’s South Gyeongsang Province branch from 1998 to 1999; in 1999, he was elected vice-chair of the KPL’s national headquarters. In 2000, he was elected chair of the KPL's South Gyeongsang Province branch and appointed chair of the KPL headquarters' Committee on Cooperative Reform. He became a board member of the Sacheon Agricultural Cooperative in 2001, and subsequently served as its auditor, a position he resigned from in 2003. In 2004, he became vice-chair of the KPL and was also appointed auditor of the Catholic Farmers' Association.[20]

In 2004, following a struggle to block the ratification of the FTA, he joined the Democratic Labor Party and entered politics.[21]

Political activities

[edit]

Early days of entering politics

[edit]

He entered politics after a career as a farmers' rights activist and secured a seat in the 17th National Assembly as a proportional representation lawmaker representing farmers for the Democratic Labor Party; he particularly drew attention for his distinctive appearance, featuring a beard and traditional attire. In July 2004, he became a member of the National Assembly's Agriculture, Maritime and Fisheries Committee and was simultaneously elected to the Special Committee on Ethics.[21]

In the April 2008 election for the 18th National Assembly, he ran in Sacheon, Gyeongnam, against Lee Bang-ho—the Grand National Party’s Secretary-General and a close aide to President Lee Myung-bak. Although opinion polls and TV exit polls on election day predicted a defeat by a wide margin, he won the race by a margin of 178 votes.[22]

There are several reasons behind Kang Gi-gap’s victory in Sacheon, a traditional stronghold of the Grand National Party. First, the city of Sacheon was formed in 1995 through the merger of Samcheonpo City and Sacheon County; Lee Bang-ho hailed from the former Samcheonpo City, whereas Kang Gi-gap came from the former Sacheon County. Furthermore, because no National Assembly member had previously emerged from the former Sacheon County area, a phenomenon of concentrated voting for Kang Gi-gap occurred within that region.[22]

In addition, rural residents held a favourable view of the candidate, who came from a farming background. Due to this combination of factors, Kang Gi-gap won by a narrow margin. In May 2008, he was elected floor leader of the Democratic Labor Party.[22]

Controversy over U.S. beef and participation in candlelight vigils

[edit]
Kang at a Protest against US Beef Agreement
Kang at a Protest against US Beef Agreement

In 2008, the Lee Myung-bak administration and the Grand National Party unilaterally pushed ahead with the renegotiation of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). During an interview with producer Kim Young-sun, Kang Gi-gap stated that the parliamentary investigation into the beef issue had effectively concluded after the ruling party excluded the production team of the program PD Note from the list of witnesses for the beef hearings. He also criticized the government for delaying the hearings, citing issues regarding witnesses and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade's intentional failure to submit relevant documents.[22]

Citing a December 2007 report reviewing measures regarding U.S beef, Grand National Party lawmaker Kim Gi-hyeon argued that the Roh Moo-hyun administration had acknowledged the inevitability of a political settlement in the beef negotiations with the U.S. prior to the presidential election and had prepared a roadmap that included accepting OIE standards.[23]

Lawmaker Kang Gi-gap frequently appeared at the candlelight vigils held in connection with the controversy over U.S. beef imports that began in April 2008[24], He also participated in a 100-minute debate that addressed the topic.[25]

In July 2008, he served as a member of the Special Committee on Parliamentary Investigation. That same month, he was elected to the Supreme Council of the Democratic Labor Party and subsequently became its party leader.[26] Additionally, he concurrently served as a member of the National Assembly's Special Committee on Budget and Accounts and the Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs Committee.

Movement against the KORUS FTA

[edit]

Upon entering the National Assembly, he served as a member of the Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs Committee and the Special Committee on Budget and Accounts, and participated in the movement opposing the KORUS FTA.

On 28 May 2008, he was elected as the floor leader of the Democratic Labor Party for the 18th National Assembly. In June, they participated in an agreement among the three opposition parties to refuse to attend parliamentary sessions, including the opening of the 18th National Assembly, until a renegotiation of the KORUS FTA was declared. He ran in the Democratic Labor Party leadership election in July, defeated former Korean Confederation of Trade Unions Chairman Lee Soo-ho, and served as the party leader.[27]

In December 2008, he made headlines after a photograph captured him leaping through the air toward the podium; he had rushed in to protest the Grand National Party's unilateral attempt to railroad an FTA bill through the National Assembly, confronting the Secretary-General and other lawmakers over the move to force the legislation through without consensus.[28]

Activities of the Unified Progressive Party

[edit]

In December 2011, following the merger of the Democratic Labor Party, People's Participation Party and factions of the New Progressive Party to form the Unified Progressive Party, he participated in the new party's founding and served as its floor leader before stepping down.[29] Later, as factional infighting erupted between the "old guard" and the "new guard" within the party, he assumed the role of chairman of the emergency steering committee as a representative of a third faction, striving to resolve and mediate the internal conflicts and disputes.[29]

In the 19th National Assembly election held on 11 April 2012, he ran for the newly established constituency of Sacheon-si, Namhae-gun, and Hadong-gun—formed by merging the former Sacheon-si constituency with the Namhae-gun and Hadong-gun constituency—in a bid for a third term; however, he finished third, losing to the incumbent lawmaker for Namhae-gun and Hadong-gun, Yeo Sang-kyu of the Saenuri Party, and his own predecessor, the former lawmaker for Sacheon-si, independent candidate Lee Bang-ho. While he placed second in Sacheon-si (behind Lee Bang-ho) and outperformed Lee Bang-ho in Namhae-gun and Hadong-gun, it was Yeo Sang-kyu who ultimately took first place.[29]

In May 2012, following the election, he became the chairman of the Unified Progressive Party's emergency response committee and was subsequently elected party leader in July. Although he attempted to resolve internal infighting and external backlash, he failed to bridge the deep rifts between party factions—conflicts stemming controversies surrounding proportional representation lawmakers. Despite resorting to a hunger strike in an effort to resolve the situation, he was unsuccessful and ultimately stepped down from his party post and left the party in September 2012. He has since returned to his original profession and currently runs a plum farm in his hometown of Sacheon, South Gyeongsang Province.[30]

Return of the Farmer

[edit]

Since then, he has been working as a farmer as an independent, but he maintains an affection for the Justice Party and occasionally assists the party—such as by serving as the chairman of its election campaign committee—despite his independent status.[31]

History

[edit]
  • Graduated from Sacheon Agricultural High School (1971)
  • President, Gyeongsangnam Federation of the Catholic Farmers' Association (1987–1991)
  • Head of Sacheon Branch, Hankyoreh Newspaper (1988) President, Sacheon Council of the Catholic Farmers' Association (1988)
  • Chairperson, National Committee for Addressing Marriage Issues for Rural Bachelors (1989–1991)
  • Founding Member, Sacheon Farmers' Association (1990)
  • President, Sacheon City Farmers' Association; Vice President, Korean Peasants League (1998-1999)
  • Vice Chairperson, Korean Peasants League; Chairperson, Committee on Farm Household Debt (1999–2000)
  • Chairperson, Gyeongsangnam Federation of the Korean Peasants League; Chairperson, Committee on Cooperative Reform (2000–2003)
  • Board Member, Sacheon Agricultural Cooperative (2001)
  • Auditor, Sacheon Agricultural Cooperative (2001–2003)
  • Vice Chairperson, Korean Peasants League; Auditor, Catholic Farmers' Association (2004)
  • Proportional Representation Member of the National Assembly, Democratic Labor Party (2004–2008)
  • Selected as an Outstanding Lawmaker for National Assembly Audits by the Citizens' Coalition for Economic Justice (CCEJ) for four consecutive years (2007–2010)
  • President, Korea-Costa Rica Parliamentary Friendship
  • Association Floor Leader, Democratic Labor Party Party Leader, Democratic Labor Party (2008–July 2010)
  • Member of the National Assembly (Sacheon City Constituency), Democratic Labor Party (2008–2012)
  • Floor Leader, Unified Progressive Party (December 2011–May 2012)

Activities as a Member of the National Assembly

[edit]

17th National Assembly

[edit]

During the four-year term of the 17th National Assembly (2004–2008), a total of 45 legislative bills were proposed. Of these, zero bills were proposed individually.

  • Hunger strike against the KORUS FTA[32]
  • Actively advocating for support for farmers who have lost their economic viability
  • Other Democratic Labor Party activities, such as campaigning against discrimination against irregular workers and opposing the Iraq War

18th National Assembly

[edit]

During the four-year term of the 18th National Assembly (2008–2012), a total of 23 legislative bills were proposed. Of these, zero bills were proposed individually.

  • Campaigning against the Lee Myung-bak administration's negotiations to resume U.S. beef imports. He also actively participated in protests opposing the South Korea-U.S. beef agreement.
  • Party Leader and Floor Leader of the Democratic Labor Party
  • Opposing the nomination of a figure from the "Hanahoe" new military faction as National Assembly Speaker.

Awards and Career History

[edit]
  • 2007 Outstanding National Assembly Member (National Audit) – CCEJ
  • 2008 "Gentleman Lawmaker" Award – 10th Baekbong Gentleman Award
  • 2008 Outstanding National Assembly Member (National Audit) – CCEJ
  • 2009 Outstanding National Assembly Member (National Audit) – CCEJ
  • 2010 Outstanding National Assembly Member (National Audit) – CCEJ
  • 2011 Excellence Award – Outstanding National Assembly Research Group Awards[33]

Anecdote

[edit]

Fashion

[edit]

His white durumagi and long beard became his trademarks, serving as iconic features of his image. Some even nicknamed him "Gangdalf"—a play on words combining his surname, Kang, with Gandalf from The Lord of the Rings. Additionally, from 2009 to 2010, KBS featured a character parodying him in a sketch titled the "Committee for Guaranteeing Men's Rights", which satirised social sentiments regarding reverse discrimination between the sexes.[34]

Allegations regarding early voting and the court's ruling

[edit]

On March 8, 2008, before the 18th general election, Rep. Kang Gi-gap held a 'Party Members' Commitment Rally' at the Sacheon Indoor Stadium hosted by the Gyeongnam Provincial Party of the Democratic Labor Party, attended by non-party members, and was indicted by the prosecution on charges of pre-election campaigning for this reason.[35][36] Although the prosecution had sought a fine of 3 million won, the court ultimately imposed a fine of 800,000 won in the first trial, allowing the lawmaker to retain their seat. Following the ruling, the Democratic Labor Party declared that "the Lee Myung-bak administration's scenario for Lee Bang-ho's political comeback has been thwarted."[37] However, the prosecution appealed the ruling declaring that the sentence was excessively lenient and therefore unacceptable.[35][36][38] In addition, an appeal was filed against the ruling imposing a fine of 2.5 million won on Jo Su-hyeon, the manager of Kang Gi-gap’s election campaign office during the general election.[36]

Controversy over sit-ins, injuries, and violence within the National Assembly

[edit]

Representative Kang Gi-gap joined the sit-in staged by Democratic Party lawmakers in the main assembly hall starting on 26 December 2008. On 5 January 2009, the Democratic Party called off its sit-in in the Rotunda Hall—located just outside the main assembly hall—leaving only officials from the Democratic Labor Party behind; the National Assembly Secretariat then mobilised security officers to forcibly clear the remaining protesters, a process that resulted in injuries and the detention of party officials. During a scuffle in front of the Speaker’s office, Kang suffered a severe finger fracture; he subsequently visited the office of the National Assembly Secretary-General to lodge a protest, but upon finding the official absent, he caused a disturbance by smashing furnishings and kicking over a desk.[39][40] Amidst this, a photograph capturing Kang Gi-gap jumping onto a desk made it appear as though he were levitating, earning him the nickname "Levitating Kang Gi-gap."[41] In response, Park Gye-dong, Secretary-General of the National Assembly, stated his intention to file charges for offences such as obstruction of the performance of official duties, insult, and violence; meanwhile, Ahn Kyung-ryul, Secretary-General of the Grand National Party, labeled Representative Kang Gi-gap the "ringleader of the violence" and declared that the party would seek his expulsion from the National Assembly.[42][43] Furthermore, the Grand National Party filed a complaint with the prosecution regarding this incident.[44]

On 6 January 2009, Kang Gi-gap met with the Secretary-General of the National Assembly to express his regret, stating, "It is true that I engaged in excessive behaviour that went beyond what is appropriate for a party leader."[45] Meanwhile, the Democratic Labor Party criticised the situation, arguing that Representative Kang Gi-gap is ultimately the victim; they questioned whether there were political motives behind the National Assembly Secretariat and the Grand National Party singling out Representative Kang for attack while remaining silent on the violent acts committed by the Democratic Party.[46] Additionally, Representative Kang was indicted on charges of obstructing official duties—including interference with the execution of public duties—after staging a violent protest in the Office of the National Assembly Secretary-General. This incident occurred in January 2009 while he was protesting the forced passage of the "Media Bills" within the National Assembly; when the Speaker mobilised security personnel to forcibly disperse officials from the Democratic Labor Party, he protested vehemently by creating a scene—which included physically grappling with a security guard and engaging in chaotic behaviour—and was subsequently sentenced to a fine of 3 million won on appeal.[47]

Criticism

[edit]
  • In August 2010, the passage of the "Amendment to the Act on the Promotion of the Republic of Korea Constitutional Association"—which granted a monthly pension of 1.2 million won to anyone who had served even a single term as a National Assembly member upon reaching age 60—sparked public outrage; amidst this, Kang Gi-gap faced fierce criticism from those disappointed in him, given his history of constantly championing the cause of the "common people." Kang explained the situation in response to a question on Twitter, stating, "To be honest, I hadn't grasped the details."[48][49]

Electoral history

[edit]
YearElectionAssemblyOfficeConstituencyPartyVotesVote shareRankResultNotes
2004 General election 17th National Assembly Member of the National Assembly Proportional representation Democratic Labor Party 2,774,061 13.03% 6th (proportional representation) Elected First election
2008 General election 18th National Assembly Member of the National Assembly Sacheon, South Gyeongsang Democratic Labor Party 23,864 47.69% 1st Elected Re-election
2012 General election 19th National Assembly Member of the National Assembly Sacheon–Namhae–Hadong, South Gyeongsang Unified Progressive Party 27,653 24.05% 3rd Defeated

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Emergency Response Committee chair, full leader from July 2012.
  2. ↑ Although he worked as an adviser to the Justice Party, he stated that he had not joined the party and was therefore not a party member.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "8년 정치농사 후회 없다.. 다시 돌아온 사천 땅에서 선물처럼 만난 '미생물'". Seoul Shinmun (in Korean). 7 October 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Behind the armor and the goatee". koreajoongangdaily. 2008-11-11. Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  3. ↑ "Ryu Ho-jeong: the future of Korean politics?". The Korea Times. 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  4. ↑ 오경희 (2013-04-01). "'강달프' 강기갑, 두루마기 벗고 패션 대변신! - 정치 | 기사". 더팩트. Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  5. ↑ "김재연 미니스커트도 있었다, 류호정 원피스로 본 옷 수난사". Daum | 중앙일보. Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  6. ↑ "<프로필> 강기갑 통합진보당 신임대표".
  7. ↑ 가톨릭신문. "[이주일에 만난 사람] 전국 농촌총각 결혼대책위원회 강기갑 회장". 가톨릭신문 (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  8. ↑ "소치는 '똥장군' 강기갑 국회의원 당선자". 서울신문 (in Korean). 2004-05-03. Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  9. ↑ "오픈아카이브:구술 아카이브 강기갑". 192.168.50.25 (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  10. ↑ "손잡은 민주-민노 "MB악법 막겠다"정세균 만난 강기갑 "잘하고 계시다"". 오마이뉴스 (in Korean). 2008-12-25. Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  11. ↑ "Kang not guilty in Assembly ruckus". koreajoongangdaily. 2010-01-14. Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  12. ↑ "친북파 인명사전 - 201011~201912 정치, 사회 갤러리". gall.dcinside.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  13. ↑ 기자, 박홍두 (2012-09-10). "강기갑 "진보정당 역사에 죄인 … 농부로 귀향"". 경향신문 (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  14. ↑ 가톨릭신문. "18대 국회 신자 당선자". 가톨릭신문 (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-15.
  15. 1 2 "[초점] 원내 사령탑으로 본 18대 국회 전망".
  16. ↑ 편집국장, 김주완 (2013-04-20). "[김주완이 만난 사람]강기갑 전 국회의원". 경남도민일보 (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2024-12-09. Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  17. 1 2 3 "소치는 '똥장군' 강기갑 국회의원 당선자". 서울신문 (in Korean). 2004-05-03. Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  18. ↑ "6. 구술자료 상세목록" (PDF).
  19. 1 2 가톨릭신문. "[이주일에 만난 사람] 전국 농촌총각 결혼대책위원회 강기갑 회장". 가톨릭신문 (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  20. ↑ "소치는 '똥장군' 강기갑 국회의원 당선자". 서울신문 (in Korean). 2004-05-03. Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  21. 1 2 편집장, 이용욱 주간경향 (2008-07-25). "민노 새 대표 강기갑 의원". 경향신문 (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  22. 1 2 3 4 정준형 (2008-05-02). ""미국 쇠고기, 뭐가 문제냐고?" 강기갑 의원 전격 인터뷰". SBS NEWS (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  23. ↑ "Parties Blame Each Other Over US Beef Deal". The Korea Times. 2008-07-16. Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  24. ↑ "이번 촛불시위의 스타 강기갑 의원 등장". 뉴시스. 2008-06-11. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  25. ↑ "MBC '100분토론' 강기갑-김종훈 격돌 : 12일 밤 11시…'불만제로' 빼고 한 시간 앞당겨 편성". 미디어스. 2008-06-12. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
  26. ↑ "민주노동당 새 대표에 강기갑 의원". 2008-07-25.
  27. ↑ "민주노동당 새 대표에 강기갑 의원". YTN. 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
  28. ↑ 논설위원, 안홍욱 (2009-01-05). "민노당 단독 '로텐더홀 농성' … 새벽 강제해산 18명 연행". 경향신문 (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  29. 1 2 3 류지복 (2011-12-05). "민노-참여 `통합진보당'으로 새 출발 | 연합뉴스". 연합뉴스 (in Korean (South Korea)). Archived from the original on 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  30. ↑ "보관된 사본". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
  31. ↑ "8년 정치농사 후회 없다.. 다시 돌아온 사천 땅에서 선물처럼 만난 '미생물'". Daum | 서울신문. Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  32. ↑ "강기갑, 정치인 단식 최장기록 깨나". 2005-11-15. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  33. ↑ "오픈아카이브:구술 아카이브 강기갑" (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  34. ↑ 디지털뉴스팀 (2012-04-05). "강기갑, 수염 깎고 한복 벗었다…이유는?". 경향신문 (in Korean). Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  35. 1 2 검찰, 강기갑 대표 벌금 80만원 '항소'[dead link] 노컷뉴스 2009-01-06일자
  36. 1 2 3 "검찰 "강기갑 '벌금 80만원' 너무 가볍다" 항소". 데일리 서프라이즈. 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-01-16.[dead link]
  37. ↑ ""강기갑 의원, 이제 날개 단 셈이다"". 오마이뉴스. 2008-12-31. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  38. ↑ "검찰, 강기갑 의원 선거법 위반 1심 선고 불복 '항소'". 오마이뉴스. 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
  39. ↑ "홀로 로텐더홀 지키던 민노당, 강제 해산 당해 : 보좌관·당직자 19명 경찰서로 연행…강기갑은 부상". 프레시안. 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
  40. ↑ "강기갑 "행정부 군홧발, 의원들 짓밟았다" : 국회 의장실 앞에서 '민노당 농성 강제 해산' 항의". 미디어오늘. 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
  41. ↑ 심영구 (2010-01-30). "'공중부양' 강기갑 "나도 부드럽고 싶다"". SBS. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
  42. ↑ "홍준표 "헐리우드 액션 강기갑, 국회를 떠나라" : 강기갑 "명동에서 뺨 맞고 한강에서 눈 흘기나"". 프레시안. 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
  43. ↑ "'활극' 강기갑 대표 사퇴안 추진". 조선일보. 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
  44. ↑ "위기의 강기갑… 與，검찰에 고발·검찰 총장 "신속 수사" 지시". 국민일보. 2009-01-09. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  45. ↑ "강기갑 '과한 행동을 한 것 사실'". 연합뉴스. 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  46. ↑ "국회폭력 주범 각인, 정치 노림수 있나 : 보수언론-한나라, 강기갑 대표 때리기 공조". 미디어오늘. 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
  47. ↑ MBC뉴스 (2019-04-26). ""공중부양에서 최루탄까지" 역대급 국회 난장판 모음".
  48. ↑ 참여연대 (2010-09-01). "[이슈] 헌정회 연로회원 지원금의 현황과 문제점 - 참여연대 -". 참여연대 (in Korean (South Korea)). Retrieved 2026-09-12.
  49. ↑ "국회의원 月120만원 평생수당, 네티즌 뿔났다". Daum | 머니투데이. Retrieved 2026-09-12.
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