Kalkans
Kalkans, Kolkans, Kalki, Kolki, Kalkan people — ethnonym of the Ingush used in Russian sources of the 16th-17th centuries. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush - Ghalghaï.[1][2]
History
[edit]Kalkans are first mentioned in the second half of the 16th century in numerous reports of attacks done on Russian ambassador armies in Darial Gorge by Kalkans.[3][4][2] The earliest mention of Kalkans can be found in 1590 article list of knyaz of Zvenigorod and diak of Torkh, when the Kolkans attacked Russian ambassador army.[5][3][1]
| Name | Source | Date | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kolkans | Article list | 1590 | [5][3][1] |
| Kalkans | Document | 1604 | [6] |
| Kalkan mountains | Document | 1604 | [6] |
| Kalkan kabaks | Document | 1614 | [6] |
| Kalkan mountain lands | Reportage | 1619 | [1] |
| Kolkan lands | Chelobitnaya of Okoks | 1621 | [7] |
| Kolkan lands | Reportage of 2 Kabardian knyazes | 1621 | [8] |
| Kalkani | Document | 1637 | [6] |
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 Волкова 1973, p. 154.
- 1 2 Богуславский 2004, p. 538.
- 1 2 3 Кушева 1963, p. 65.
- ↑ Волкова 1973, pp. 154–155.
- 1 2 Белокуров 1889, p. 222.
- 1 2 3 4 Кушева 1963, p. 66.
- ↑ Кушева 1963, p. 61.
- ↑ Кушева 1963, p. 62.
Bibliography
[edit]- Волкова, Н. Г. (1973). Этнонимы и племенные названия Северного Кавказа [Ethnonyms and tribal names of the North Caucasus] (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 1–210.
- Богуславский, В. В. (2004). Славянская энциклопедия: XVII век [Slavic Encyclopedia: XVII century] (in Russian). Vol. 1. Москва: Олма-Пресс. pp. 1–782. ISBN 5224036593.
- Кушева, Е. Н. (1963). Народы Северного Кавказа и их связи с Россией (вторая половина XVI — 30-е годы XVII века) [The peoples of the North Caucasus and their relations with Russia (the second half of the 16th - 30s of the 17th century)] (in Russian). Москва: Издательство Академии наук СССР. pp. 1–370.
- Белокуров, М. А. (1889). Сношения России с Кавказом. 1578-1613 гг. [Relations between Russia and the Caucasus. 1578-1613] (in Russian) (1st ed.). Москва: Университетская типография, Страстной бульвар. pp. 1–715.