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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Joint List say to its partner? Let's join forces.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Joint List
הרשימה המשותפת
القائمة المشتركة
LeaderYousef Jabareen
Founded23 January 2015 (2015-01-23)
20 June 2019 (2019-06-20)
19 August 2026 (2026-08-19)[1]
Dissolved21 February 2019 (first)
15 September 2022 (second)[2]
HeadquartersNazareth[3]
IdeologyIsraeli Arab interests
Factions:
Political positionLeft-wing[13]
Member partiesBalad
Hadash
Ta'al
Mada (2021–2022)
Ra'am (2015–2021)
Colors 
Most MKs15 (2020)
Election symbol
ודעם / و‌ض‌ع‌م (until 2026)[14]
ודם / و‌ض‌م (since 2026)[15]
Website
jointlist.org.il (he)
web.archive.org/web/20200430194431/http://www.moshtrka.com/ (ar)

The Joint List (Arabic: القائمة المشتركة, romanized: al-Qa'imah al-Mushtarakah; Hebrew: הָרְשִׁימָה הַמְּשֻׁתֶּפֶת, romanized: HaReshima HaMeshutefet) is a political alliance of Arab-majority political parties in Israel. It was originally formed by Hadash, Balad, Ra'am and Ta'al ahead of the 2015 election.

The alliance was the third-largest faction in the Knesset after the 2015 election, estimated to have received 82% of the Arab vote.[16] In January 2019, Ta'al split from the alliance, and the remaining coalition was dissolved on 21 February 2019.[17] The Joint List was reestablished on 28 July for the September 2019 election,[18] in which it won 13 seats and was again the third-largest faction.[19] In the 2020 elections, the Joint List increased its seats from 13 to 15, described by Haaretz as "an unprecedented showing."[20] In the buildup to the 2021 elections, the Islamic conservative-leaning Ra'am left the Joint List due to ideological disagreements and ran on its own, gaining four seats, while the seats held by the Joint List fell to six. The alliance broke up prior to the 2022 elections, with Hadash and Ta'al running together and Balad running alone.

Hadash, Ta'al and Balad reached an agreement, following extensive negotiations, on 19 August 2026 to run together in the 2026 Israeli legislative election. The slate is set to be headed by Hadash chairman Yousef Jabareen, followed by Ta'al chairman Ahmad Tibi and Balad chairman Sami Abu Shehadeh, while Ra'am is expected to run separately.

History

[edit]
Ayman Odeh (right) and Shady Haliya
Activists of the Joint List during the 2015 elections

Initial formation in 2015

[edit]
The party logos in 2015.
The Joint List during the consultation process at President Reuven Rivlin's official residence, after the 2015 elections

When formed ahead of the 2015 elections, the alliance was temporarily known as Wamab.[21]

The agreement between the parties, which included Balad, Hadash, Ta'al, and Ra'am was signed on 22 January,[22] marking the first time the major Arab parties had run as a single list.[23] Balad, Hadash, and Ra'am had run separately for elections since the 1990s (Balad and Hadash ran together in 1996), whilst Ta'al had run in alliance with all three during the 1990s and 2000s. However, the raising of the electoral threshold from 2% to 3.25% led to the parties creating an alliance to increase their chances of crossing the threshold,[22] as both Hadash and Balad received less than 3% of the vote in the 2013 elections. Initially, the parties mulled running as two blocs (Hadash with Ta'al, and Balad with the Islamic Movement), but party representatives said pressure from the Arab public pushed them to join forces.[24][25] The northern branch of the Islamic Movement denounced the entire electoral project.[26]

A reconciliation committee was formed, which created the electoral list ahead of the election.[27] The alliance's list for the 2015 elections was headed by Ayman Odeh, the newly-elected leader of Hadash, followed by Masud Ghnaim (Ra'am), Jamal Zahalka (Balad), and Ahmad Tibi (Ta'al), with the following places alternating between Hadash, the Islamic Movement, and Balad. The 12th to 14th places were subject to rotation agreements between the parties.[28]

The Joint List won 13 seats in the 2015 Knesset elections with 10.6% of the total vote, becoming the third-largest party in the 20th Knesset.[29] Odeh stated that he intended for the alliance to work on shared issues with center-left Jewish opposition parties and seek membership of key parliamentary committees.[30]

One of the party's first actions after the elections was to trade the two seats that, as the third-largest faction, it was entitled to on the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee for two more seats on the Finance Committee, primarily to better address its constituents' financial and housing concerns.[31]

Hadash's Dov Khenin was the only Jewish Knesset member representing the Joint List.[32]

In late 2015, asked by Army Radio host Razi Barkai if the murder of Eitam and Na'ama Henkin in the West Bank is part of the "popular struggle," Odeh said that "the Palestinian people choose how to fight against the occupation. I have no doubt that the popular way is the right way and definitely not armed struggle." He said that he has rejected armed struggle in the past but said an occupied nation has a "right to struggle" for a Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders. Regarding throwing rocks, he said he supported the First Intifada, which was "fully justified" because of the occupation: "I cannot tell the nation how to struggle, where and which target to throw the rock. I do not put red lines on the Arab Palestinian nation," he continued. Odeh also argued he did not view waving the Palestinian flag as a provocation, saying it is the national flag of the Palestinian Arab nation and "does not threaten anyone. Every nation has a flag."[33]

In December 2016, Hadash Secretary General Adal Amar came under criticism for praising the "unification of Aleppo" after Assad regime forces took control of the city. Some Hadash MKs voiced support for the Assad government. After the April 2017 Khan Shaykhun chemical attack carried out by Assad's forces in a rebel area of Syria, Odeh made a statement condemning the attack, but Hadah vetoed a stronger List statement naming Assad.[32][34]

In February 2019 ahead of the April 2019 election, the Joint List dissolved amidst disagreements over internal party representation within the alliance. The four member parties instead ran two separate lists, Hadash–Ta'al and Ra'am–Balad.[35]

Re-formation in 2019

[edit]

Due to low Arab voter turnout in the April 2019 election, the member parties once again discussed potentially re-establishing the Joint List, which officially re-formed on 20 June.[36][37] Members hope to improve turnout and consolidate the Arab vote ahead of the September 2019 election.[38][39]

On 22 September after the election, the Joint List endorsed Benny Gantz for prime minister, the first time that an Arab party endorsed anyone for prime minister since Yitzhak Rabin in 1992.[40] However, Israeli President Reuven Rivlin announced on 23 September that the Joint List's three Balad MKs had abstained from endorsing a candidate, thus putting Gantz behind incumbent Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in total MK recommendations,[41] though the Joint List's endorsement of Gantz did account for 10 of the political bloc's 13 MKs.[41]

Joint List 2020 logo (Arabic)

The Joint List won 15 seats with 12.67% of the vote in the 2020 Knesset elections, remaining as the third-largest party in the Knesset until Yesh Atid split off from Blue and White to lead the opposition. This set a new record for percentage of the vote and number of seats for an Arab party,[42] with it performing strongly in the Northern District, Arab cities and villages in the Galilee and also due to the high turnout in the Arab community.[43][44] This was in part due to an increase in support from the Jewish left, as Ayman Odeh's campaigning in Jewish areas helped draw those voters away from the declining establishment left-wing parties.[45]

After the election, the Joint List unanimously supported Gantz.[46] However, after the formation of a unity government, it remained in the opposition.

The Joint List ran in the 2021 Knesset election without Ra'am, which had withdrawn from it several months prior to the vote; it won 4.81% of votes and six seats, a sharp decline compared to previous elections. Such decline was mainly due to the fact that Ra'am ran separately from the List and to the partial resurgence of the Israeli Labor Party and Meretz, who increased their votes and seats.[47]

Former alliance member Ra'am decided to engage with Netanyahu.[48] Ta'al also left the alliance but later rejoined.[49] During the election campaign and after party lists had been submitted, the Ma'an party withdrew its candidacy and endorsed the Joint List, becoming a new member of the alliance.[50]

Hadash's Ofer Cassif was the only Jewish MK representing the Joint List.[51]

Members of the Joint List took varying stances on the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Ra’am’s Walid Taha attended a speech via Zoom by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy at the Knesset, Ra’am leader Mansour Abbas was speaking at a conference in Haifa at the same time as the speech, Ta'al's MKs watched the televised version rather than joining the Zoom call, and Hadash and Balad did not attend. Hadash's Ofer Cassif said: “Very sad that good leftists are being deceived after false propaganda — and that they even expect my friends and me to toe the line with the lies being fed to us. I do not take sides in unnecessary wars that harm innocent civilians, strengthen those in power, and enrich the lords of war.”[51]

The alliance broke up when Balad submitted a separate candidate list for the 2022 election. Balad had objected to Hadash's position that the alliance should support a prime ministerial candidate following the election, and wanted to rework the rotational system of seat sharing employed by the alliance.[52][53] The Balad list received 2.9% of the vote, failing to pass the electoral threshold.[54] A Hadash–Ta'al list was formed, which received 3.75% of votes and won five seats.[55]

Third formation in 2026

[edit]

In July 2025, amidst popular frustration over the Gaza war, Hadash revealed that it was in talks with Ra'am to revive the Joint List to increase the political influence of Palestinian citizens of Israel. According to a poll from Tel Aviv University, 73.3% of Arab respondents supported the inclusion of Arab parties into the next government coalition, while voter turnout among Arabs was expected to hit 57%.[56]

In August 2025, the parties reportedly were negotiating a new Joint List.[57] On 22 January 2026, the leaders of Hadash, Ta'al, Balad and Ra'am signed an agreement to work toward reviving the Joint List.[58] Ra'am leader Mansour Abbas supported joining a technical alliance only if each party preserved its political independence after the election.[59]

On 10 June 2026, Hadash announced that it was moving forward with re-establishing the Joint List with Ta'al and Balad, while leaving open the possibility of Ra'am joining later.[60] According to Hadash secretary general Amjad Shbita, the other parties accommodated Ra'am's request for a "joint technical list", but Ra'am was unwilling for all parties to jointly endorse a political platform.[61] Ra'am indicated in an interview the next month that it would run on its own in the election.[62] Negotiations between the Joint List parties stalled in August after Ta'al chairman Ahmad Tibi rejected the proposed allocation of places on the slate.[63] A Place for Us All tried to join the alliance but the negotiations failed and the party withdrew from the election.[64]

Ra'am differs with other Arab parties on how to engage with Israel; it is willing to engage in electoral politics with Zionist anti-Netanyahu parties to gain "concrete" concessions while the other parties view working with a Zionist government as allowing themselves to become a "safety net" for it. This divergence makes it more difficult for the parties to reunite in one list.[65]

On 19 August 2026, Hadash, Ta'al and Balad reached an agreement to run together in the upcoming election, re-establishing the Joint List without Ra'am.[1] According to The Jerusalem Post, the agreement was signed after Tibi withdrew his opposition to a framework proposed by a reconciliation committee, though the deal remains subject to formal approval by the parties' institutions. The proposed list will place Jabareen first, Tibi second, Abu Shehadeh third, Jafar Farah fourth, Bakr Awawdeh fifth and Ofer Cassif sixth.[66] Farah was replaced by Faten Ghattas following the submission of the list.[67] Tibi is also expected to serve as chairman of the parliamentary faction.[68] Jabareen suggested that same month that the Joint List could provide a "parliamentary safety net" to establish an "alternative" to the Netanyahu government.[69] The Central Elections Committee barred the list on 23 September from contesting the election, with the final decision up to the Supreme Court of Israel.[70]

Politics and ideology

[edit]

The list was ideologically diverse, and included communists, socialists, feminists, Islamists, and Arab nationalists.[71][72][23] After having united parties with various political agendas, Odeh met with Jewish Hadash activists and former Knesset speaker Avraham Burg (who had endorsed Hadash), in an attempt to allay concerns that the new alliance would dilute the party's principles, such as gender equality.[73]

The alliance's 2015 election campaign focused on preventing Benjamin Netanyahu from forming a government and helping the Labor Party–led Zionist Union do so instead.[23][74]

The Joint List was not united in terms of support for Jewish–Arab co-operation, supported mainly by Hadash. In March 2015 (after the Zionist Union had signed a vote-sharing agreement with Meretz, and Kulanu with Israel Beytenu), officials from the Zionist Union, Meretz, and Yesh Atid explored the idea that the Zionist Union and Meretz revoke their agreement so that the Zionist Union could share surplus votes with Yesh Atid, and Meretz with the Joint List, to potentially strengthen the dovish bloc in the Knesset.[75] However, the offer caused intra-list tension; Hadash (including Dov Khenin and Joint List chief Odeh) and Ra'am supported the partnership with Meretz, but the Islamic Movement and especially Balad opposed it.[76][77][78] According to Nahum Barnea, most of the List, including Jamal Zahalka of Balad, supported the agreement, but Qatar, which reportedly funds Balad, sided with the extremist elements within Balad and had the party come out against it.[79] After the Joint List announced it would not share votes with any party, Meretz officials declared that the List had chosen nationalism and separatism over Jewish–Arab solidarity.[80] A post-election analysis showed that no agreement between these left-of-center parties would have made a difference to the final result.[81]

Knesset members

[edit]
Knesset term Seats Faction Members
20th (2015–2019)[82] 5 Hadash Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Dov Khenin, Yousef Jabareen, Abdullah Abu Ma'aruf
3 Ra'am Masud Ghnaim, Abd al-Hakim Hajj Yahya, Taleb Abu Arar
3 Balad Jamal Zahalka, Haneen Zoabi, Basel Ghattas (replaced by Juma Azbarga[83])
2 Ta'al Ahmad Tibi, Osama Saadi[84]
22nd (2019–2020)[85] 5 Hadash Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Ofer Cassif, Yousef Jabareen, Jabar Asakla
3 Ra'am Mansour Abbas, Walid Taha, Said al-Harumi
3 Balad Mtanes Shehadeh, Heba Yazbak, Sami Abu Shehadeh
2 Ta'al Ahmad Tibi, Osama Saadi
23rd (2020–2021)[86] 5 Hadash Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Ofer Cassif, Yousef Jabareen, Jabar Asakla
4 Ra'am Mansour Abbas, Walid Taha, Said al-Harumi, Iman Khatib-Yasin
3 Balad Mtanes Shehadeh, Heba Yazbak, Sami Abu Shehadeh
3 Ta'al Ahmad Tibi, Osama Saadi, Sondos Saleh
24th (2021–2022)[87][88] 3 Hadash Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Ofer Cassif
2 Ta'al Ahmad Tibi, Osama Saadi
1 Balad Sami Abu Shehadeh


Leaders

[edit]
Leader Took office Left office
Ayman Odeh 2015 2022
Yousef Jabareen 2026 Incumbent

Election results

[edit]
Election Votes % Seats +/– Government
2015[e] 446,583 10.61
13 / 120
 Increase 2 Opposition
Sep 2019[f] 470,211 10.60
13 / 120
 Increase 3 Opposition
2020 581,507 12.67
15 / 120
 Increase 2 Opposition
2021[g] 212,583 4.82
6 / 120
 Decrease 5 Opposition
2026[h]

Notes

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 Hadash
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Balad
  3. 1 2 3 Ta'al
  4. 1 2 Ra'am
  5. ↑ Joint List did not run together in the 2013 Israeli legislative election; seat adjustment calculated from parties that were affiliated with it
  6. ↑ Joint List did not run together in the April 2019 Israeli legislative election; seat adjustment calculated from parties that were affiliated with it
  7. ↑ without Ra'am's seats from 2020
  8. ↑ Joint List did not run together in the 2022 Israeli legislative election; seat adjustment calculated from parties that were affiliated with it

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 ToI Staff (19 August 2026). "Arab-majority Hadash, Ta'al and Balad parties agree on joint run after striking deal". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  2. ↑ Carrie Keller-Lynn (15 September 2022). "Balad splits from Joint List, throwing Arab electorate into disarray". The Times of Israel.
  3. ↑ Isabel Kershner (18 March 2015). "Deep Wounds and Lingering Questions After Israel's Bitter Race". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Raoul Wootliff (1 August 2019). "Top Arab MK says open to 'joining' Gantz". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  5. 1 2 Stephan Grigat (2 March 2019). "Wahlkampf in Israel – ein Überblick". haGalil (in German). Retrieved 20 May 2026. Nun ist die Vereinte Liste zerbrochen, und die arabisch-nationalistische Partei Ta'al von Ahmad Tibi wird gemeinsam mit Hadash unter der Führung von Ayman Odeh antreten, und die linksnationalistische Balad gemeinsam mit den Islamisten von Ra'am. Ta'al-Hadash sollte es sicher in die Knesset schaffen. Wenn es auch Balad-Ra'am ins Parlament schaffen, könnten die antizionistisch-arabischen Parteien und die KP dort über bis zu 14 Sitze verfügen.
  6. ↑ Aaron Boxerman (25 March 2021). "How Islamist Ra'am broke Arab politics and may win the keys to the government". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  7. ↑ Sharon Weinblum (2015). Security and Defensive Democracy in Israel: A Critical Approach to Political Discourse. Routledge. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-317-58450-6.
  8. ↑ Carol Migdalovitz (18 May 2006). "Israel: Background and Relations with the United States" (PDF). CRS Issue Brief for Congress. Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2003. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  9. ↑ [7][8]
  10. ↑ Alexandra Föderl-Schmid (3 April 2019). "Ein Land, zwei Welten". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  11. ↑ Ulrich Schmid; Umm al-Hiran (31 January 2017). "Verpasste Chancen im Land der Beduinen". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  12. ↑ "Israel Election Results: Arab Leaders Herald High Turnout as Victory Over Netanyahu". Haaretz. 18 September 2019.
  13. ↑ [10][11][12]
  14. ↑ "הציונות הדתית בראשות בצלאל סמוטריץ'". Central Election Committee for the Knesset (in Hebrew). Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  15. ↑ "רשימות המועמדים לכנסת" (in Hebrew).
  16. ↑ Ariel Ben Solomon (24 March 2015). "Arab sector turnout for recent elections reached 63.5%, polling data shows". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2 April 2026.
  17. ↑ Hassan Shaalan (21 February 2019). "Hadash and Ta'al Arab Parties join forces ahead of elections". ynet.
  18. ↑ Adam Rasgon (29 July 2019). "Nationalist Balad party announces it will run on Joint List in autumn elections". The Times of Israel.
  19. ↑ Staff writer (19 September 2019). "Final votes being tallied with Likud, Blue and White still neck-and-neck". The Times of Israel.
  20. ↑ Staff writer (5 March 2020). "Final Election Results: Netanyahu Bloc Short of Majority With 58 Seats". Haaretz.
  21. ↑ "Israel election updates / Likud: Livni wrong on Congress' Iran sanctions". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  22. 1 2 Lazar Berman (22 January 2015). "Arab parties finalize unity deal". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  23. 1 2 3 Areej Hazboun; Daniel Estrin (28 January 2015). "As Arab MKs unite, a new political landscape emerges". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  24. ↑ Elhanan Miller (4 March 2015). "After uniting Arabs behind him, Ayman Odeh looks to lead opposition". Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  25. ↑ "With united front, Israeli Arab parties seek more clout". Ynetnews. AFP. 2 March 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  26. ↑ Christa Case Bryant (11 March 2015). "Israel elections 101: On eve of vote, momentum on Arab street (+video)". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  27. ↑ Keshet Neev (9 August 2026). "Arab parties' Joint List deal collapses as Tibi rejects proposed Knesset slate". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 20 August 2206. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  28. ↑ Hassan Shaalan (22 January 2015). "Arab parties to run as one list in upcoming elections". Ynetnews. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  29. ↑ "תוצאות האמת של הבחירות לכנסת ה-20" [Actual results of the 20th Knesset elections] (in Hebrew). Central Election Commission. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  30. ↑ "Israeli Arabs say they feel more excluded after election". Associated Press. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  31. ↑ Jonathan Beck (29 March 2015). "Arab MKs drop bid for Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  32. 1 2 Raoul Wootliff; Luke Tress; Jacob Magid (9 April 2017). "Mostly mum on chemical attack, Israel's Arab MKs divided on Assad". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  33. ↑ Ariel Ben Solomon (6 October 2015). "Odeh: I do not put limits on the Palestinian struggle against 'occupation'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  34. ↑ Jack Khoury (9 April 2017). "Israeli Arab Party Fails to Condemn Assad's Gas Attack in Syria, Slams U.S. Strikes". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  35. ↑ "As Israel's Arab political coalition splits, its supporters have more choices and less power". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 22 February 2019.
  36. ↑ "Arab parties to run on joint list in bid for election redemption arc". i24 News. 20 June 2019.
  37. ↑ "Palestinian Arab Joint List to reform for Israel's September election". Middle East Eye. 20 June 2019.
  38. ↑ "Arab Society and the Parliamentary Elections to the 21st and 22nd Knesset". The Institute for National Security Studies. July 2019.
  39. ↑ "Israel's Arab Parties Unite, Aim for Gains in Upcoming Vote". Voice of America. 29 July 2019.
  40. ↑ Gil Hoffman; Lahav Harkov (22 September 2019). "Joint List endorses Gantz without Balad, giving Netanyahu majority". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  41. 1 2 Oliver Holmes (23 September 2019). "Boost for Netanyahu as three Arab politicians refuse to back rival". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  42. ↑ Adam Rasgon. "Headed for 15 seats, Joint List chief claims 'huge' success, cites Jewish voters". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  43. ↑ "The Arab Israeli Vote in the 23rd Knesset Elections". October 2020.
  44. ↑ "מפת הבחירות לכנסת ה-23".
  45. ↑ "A growing number of Jews are voting for Arabs in Israel". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  46. ↑ Gil Hoffman (15 March 2020). "Joint List endorses Gantz to form government". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  47. ↑ "After Israel's elections, Arab parties at crossroads – analysis". The Jerusalem Post. 31 March 2021.
  48. ↑ Staff writer; Aaron Boxerman (28 January 2021). "Knesset panel approves Joint List's breakup after talks with Ra'am faction fail". The Times of Israel.
  49. ↑ Amit Segal (3 February 2021). "הרשימה המשותפת מתפרקת: רע"מ תרוץ לבד בבחירות הקרובות". News 12. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  50. ↑ Gil Hoffman (16 March 2021). "Moderate Arab party quits election". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  51. 1 2 Aaron Boxerman; Luke Tress; Jacob Magid (20 March 2022). "Arab Israeli MKs skip Zelensky's Knesset speech: 'NATO imposed this war'". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  52. ↑ חלבי, עינב; גולדיטש, חיים; אזולאי, מורן (15 September 2022). "המהלך שעשוי לחרוץ את גורל הבחירות: הרשימה המשותפת התפלגה". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 15 November 2025.
  53. ↑ חלבי, עינב (3 September 2022). "בל"ד מסרבת לרוץ עם עודה - אך לא פוסלת שיתוף פעולה עם טיבי". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 15 November 2025.
  54. ↑ "Balad". en.idi.org.il. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  55. ↑ "Hadash-Ta'al". en.idi.org.il. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  56. ↑ "Arab parties consider reviving joint ticket as Arab public backs joining government". The Times of Israel. 28 July 2025. Archived from the original on 29 July 2025.
  57. ↑ Keshet Neev (12 August 2025). "Arab parties agree to move ahead with reestablishing Joint List bloc for next elections". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  58. ↑ Ariela Karmel (22 January 2026). "Under pressure, Arab Knesset parties sign agreement to work toward reviving Joint List". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 23 January 2026.
  59. ↑ Tal Schneider (27 January 2026). "As Arab parties answer call for unity, Ra'am seeks to retain role as coalition kingmaker". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 January 2026.
  60. ↑ "Arab parties Hadash, Ta'al, Balad announce joint electoral slate — without Ra'am". The Times of Israel. 10 June 2026. ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved 10 June 2026.
  61. ↑ Dalit Halevy (19 June 2026). "Hadash: Ra'am thwarted efforts toward unity". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 24 August 2026.
  62. ↑ Ethan Rubinson; Lazar Berman (11 July 2026). "Ex-minister Chili Tropper says he will 'absolutely not' help Netanyahu form a government". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 22 August 2026.
  63. ↑ Sam Sokol (9 August 2026). "Negotiations over Arab joint list hit snag as Ahmad Tibi rejects proposed slate". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 August 2026.
  64. ↑ Noa Shpigel; Jack Khoury (8 September 2026). "Arab-Jewish Party A Place for Us All Drops Out of Knesset Race". Haaretz. Retrieved 9 September 2026.
  65. ↑ Samah Watad (24 July 2026). "Palestinians could decide Israel's election. But their parties are at a stalemate". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
  66. ↑ Yoav Etiel (19 August 2026). "Hadash-Ta'al, Balad sign deal to re-establish Joint List weeks ahead of Israel's election". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  67. ↑ Stav Levaton (8 September 2026). "Joint List submits Knesset slate, vows to fight 'racism and supremacy'". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 22 September 2026.
  68. ↑ Anna Barsky (19 August 2026). "תוך 48 שעות: תע"ל, בל"ד וחד"ש בהכרזה דרמטית - וזו המרוויחה הגדולה". Maariv (in Hebrew). Retrieved 19 August 2026.
  69. ↑ Dalit Halevi (24 August 2026). "Joint List calls for European oversight of elections". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 24 August 2026.
  70. ↑ "After Ra'am: Joint List disqualified from elections". Arutz Sheva. 23 September 2026. Retrieved 23 September 2026.
  71. ↑ Jodi Rudoren (24 January 2015). "Diverse Israeli Arab Political Factions Join Forces to Keep Place in Parliament". The New York Times. p. A4. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  72. ↑ Ruth Eglash (10 March 2015). "Israel's Arab political parties have united for the first time". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  73. ↑ Karin Laub (4 March 2015). "Rise of pragmatic Arab politician shakes up Israeli politics". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  74. ↑ Jodi Rudoren; Diaa Hadid (19 March 2015). "Arab Alliance in Israeli Legislature Sees Unity as Vehicle for Progress". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  75. ↑ Ilan Lior (5 March 2015). "Zionist Union, Meretz may revoke their surplus-vote accord and sign with other parties". Haaretz. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  76. ↑ Gideon Allon (13 March 2015). "'Meretz won't be in any coalition with Yisrael Beytenu'". Israel Hayom. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  77. ↑ Ariel Ben Solomon (12 March 2015). "Zoabi denies 'Post' report she is willing to recommend Herzog form government". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  78. ↑ Jack Khoury (8 March 2015). "The left is not doing Israeli Arabs any favors". Haaretz. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  79. ↑ Nahum Barnea (13 March 2015). "Netanyahu, tragic hero of 2015 elections". Ynetnews.
  80. ↑ Yarden Skop (9 March 2015). "Meretz slams Arab Joint List over failed votes accord". Haaretz. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  81. ↑ Ilan Lior (20 March 2015). "Ire over left-wing parties' surplus vote fiasco was all for nothing". Haaretz. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  82. ↑ Shaalan, Hassan (22 January 2015). "Arab parties to run as one list in upcoming elections". Ynetnews. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  83. ↑ "Arab MK signs plea bargain, agrees to go to jail". Times of Israel. 16 March 2017.
  84. ↑ "Tibi's Ta'al party picks lawyer for second slot". Jerusalem Post. 27 January 2015.
  85. ↑ Joint List Central Elections Committee
  86. ↑ "Israel Election 2020: All the Candidates Running in the March 2 Election". Haaretz. 16 January 2020.
  87. ↑ "Lists of Candidates Running in the 24th Knesset Elections" (PDF). Central Elections Committee. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  88. ↑ Staff writer (3 February 2021). "Israel Election 2021: All the Official Party Lists So Far". Haaretz. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
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