// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Mangue language say to its student? You'll mango over it eventually.

Mangue
Mangue
Chorotega
Mánekeme
Native to	Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, El Salvador
Ethnicity	Mangue, Chorotega, Monimbo
Extinct	early 20th century
Language family	Oto-Mangue Manguean Mangue; ;
Dialects	Dirian; Nagrandan; Choluteca; Orotiña;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mom
Glottolog	moni1237
	Mangue

Mangue, also known as Chorotega,^[1] is an extinct Oto-Manguean language ancestral to Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras and Costa Rica. The dialects were known as: Mangue proper in western Nicaragua, which was further subdivided into Dirian and Nagrandan; Choluteca in the region of Honduras' Bay of Fonseca; and Orotiña in Costa Rica's Nicoya Peninsula.^[2]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k
Plosive	prenasal	ᵐb	ⁿd		ᵑɡ
Affricate			(ts)	(tʃ)
Fricative			s			h
Nasal		m	n	ɲ
Flap			ɾ
Glide		w	l	j

/t, k/ can have allophones [ts, tʃ].

Stop and fricative sounds /p, t, k, s/ can turn voiced [b, d, ɡ, z] after nasal sounds.

Vowels

Three vowels are noted /a, i, u/.^[3]^[4] Allophones are also noted.

Sound	Allophone
/i/	[i], [ɪ], [e]
/a/	[a], [æ], [ɛ]
/u/	[u], [o], [ʊ]

Phrases

Brinton^[1] gives a list of Mangue words and phrases, some of which are:

The Verb "to be,"

I am, cejo.

Thou art, simuh.

He is, neje sumu.

We are, cis mi muh.

Pronouns.

saho.

My, amba, mba.

He, neje.

She, neja.

Phrases.

Koi murio, It is already dawn.

Koi yujmi, It is already night.

Koi prijpi, It is already growing dark.

Susupusca? How are you?

Ko' mi muya' i ku ? And you, how are you ?

Camo cujmi umyaique, Nasi pujimo camo? There is nothing new; and you, how are you ?

Gusapo, Take a seat

Pami nyumuta, The food is good

Ropia, Come here

Uño I See I

Mis upa'? Where are you going?

Taspo, Yes.

Tapame, Be good.

Brinton also compares the color terms of Mangue and Chiapanec:

Mangue. Chiapanec.

Black, nanzome. dujamä.

White, nandirime. dilimä.

Yellow, nandiume. nandikumä.

Blue or Green nandipame. ndipamä.

Red, arimbome. nduimä.

And a number of Nicaraguan and Costa Rican placenames that come from the Mangue language:

Nindiria (from ninda - shore, diri, hill)

Nakutiri (from naku - fire, diri, hill)

Monimbe (ntimbu - water, rain)

Nandasinmo (nanda - brook)

Mombonasi (nasi - woman)

Masaya

Managua

Namotiva

Norome

Diriamba

Nicoya

Oretina

Notes

1 2 Daniel G. Brinton. 1886. Notes on the Mangue; An Extinct Dialect Formerly Spoken in Nicaragua Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 23, No. 122 (Apr., 1886), pp. 238-257
↑ Newson, Linda A. (1987). Indian survival in colonial Nicaragua (1st ed.). Norman [OK]: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 28. ISBN 0806120088.
↑ Quirós Rodríguez, Juan Santiago (2002). Diccionario español-chorotega, chorotega-español. San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
↑ Krohn, Haakon S. (2022). Fonología del Mangue (Chorotega). Káñina, Vol 46 (3). pp. 7–29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

References

Kaufman, Terrence, (2001) Nawa linguistic prehistory, published at website of the Mesoamerican Language Documentation Project Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
Fabre, Alain, (2005) Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: OTOMANGUE.
McCallister, Rick. Mangue Chorotega Archived 2012-04-27 at the Wayback Machine, published on line in 2012 (80+ pages in PDF) (based on Quirós Rodríguez’s compilation with added toponyms, cultural terms, etc.)
Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (Author). (1992). "The Languages of the Greater Nicoya". Costa Rican Languages Collection of Adolfo Constenla Umaña . The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America: www.ailla.utexas.org. Media: text. Access: public. Resource: MUL010R001. Archived 2017-01-10 at the Wayback Machine

[Brinton-1] 1 2 Daniel G. Brinton. 1886. Notes on the Mangue; An Extinct Dialect Formerly Spoken in Nicaragua Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 23, No. 122 (Apr., 1886), pp. 238-257

[2] Newson, Linda A. (1987). Indian survival in colonial Nicaragua (1st ed.). Norman [OK]: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 28. ISBN 0806120088.

[3] Quirós Rodríguez, Juan Santiago (2002). Diccionario español-chorotega, chorotega-español. San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

[4] Krohn, Haakon S. (2022). Fonología del Mangue (Chorotega). Káñina, Vol 46 (3). pp. 7–29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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v t e Languages of El Salvador
Official language	Spanish
Semi-official language	Nawat English
Indigenous languages	Nawat Cacaopera Q'eqchi' * Lenca Xincan Chʼortiʼ * Mangue
Foreign languages	English Italian Arabic German French Japanese Mandarin Chinese
Sign languages	Salvadoran Sign Language
Italics indicate extinct languages and * indicates extinct language in El Salvador but still spoken elsewhere El Salvador portal

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