Histochemical tracer
A histochemical tracer is a substance used to reveal the location of cells and track neuronal projections. A neuronal tracer may be retrograde, anterograde, or work in both directions. A retrograde tracer is taken up in the terminal of the neuron and transported to the cell body, whereas an anterograde tracer moves away from the cell body of the neuron.[1][2]
List
[edit]Small molecules:
- DiI (DiC18(3)) - evenly bidirectional[1]
- Diamidino yellow - evenly bidirectional
- Fast blue - evenly bidirectional
- Hydroxystilbamidine - retrograde
- Texas Red
- Fluorescein isothiocyanate
Biopolymers:
- Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) - evenly bidirectional[2]
- Horseradish peroxidase - retrograde
- Cholera toxin B (CtB)[3][4][5] - retrograde and anterograde[1]
Viral/other genetic constructs:
- Pseudorabies virus - retrograde[3]
- HSV-1 - anterograde
The noted directionalities are also not always pure, especially in the case of CtB which is conventionally used retrograde, and BDA is conventionally used anterograde. Most non-genetic tracers can also be taken up by fibers of passage, causing mislabeling (this also applies to canine adenovirus). The spread of the non-genetic tracer around the injection site results in a diffuse and intense labeling.[2]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 Saleeba C, Dempsey B, Le S, Goodchild A, McMullan S (27 Aug 2019). "A Student's Guide to Neural Circuit Tracing". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 13 897. doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00897. ISSN 1662-4548. PMC 6718611. PMID 31507369.
- 1 2 3 Saleeba C, Dempsey B, Le S, Goodchild A, McMullan S (2020). "Corrigendum: A Student's Guide to Neural Circuit Tracing". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 14 177. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00177. PMC 7076267. PMID 32210751.
- 1 2 Kreier F, Kap YS, Mettenleiter TC, van Heijningen C, van der Vliet J, Kalsbeek A, et al. (March 2006). "Tracing from fat tissue, liver, and pancreas: a neuroanatomical framework for the role of the brain in type 2 diabetes". Endocrinology. 147 (3): 1140–1147. doi:10.1210/en.2005-0667. PMID 16339209.
- ↑ Angelucci A, Clascá F, Sur M (March 1996). "Anterograde axonal tracing with the subunit B of cholera toxin: a highly sensitive immunohistochemical protocol for revealing fine axonal morphology in adult and neonatal brains". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 65 (1): 101–112. doi:10.1016/0165-0270(95)00155-7. PMID 8815303.
- ↑ Coleman JE, Law K, Bear MF (June 2009). "Anatomical origins of ocular dominance in mouse primary visual cortex". Neuroscience. 161 (2): 561–571. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.045. PMC 2735235. PMID 19327388.