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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did West Kilimanjaro language say to its cousin? "Let's peak our interest.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hai dialect)
West Kilimanjaro
West Chaga
Native toTanzania
RegionMachame, Kilimanjaro Region
EthnicityChaga
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
jmc – Machame
rwk – Rwa
Glottologwest2852
E.621 (ex-E.61,62a)[1]

West Kilimanjaro, or West Chaga, is a Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people.

Dialects

[edit]

There are several dialects:[1]

  • Rwa (Rwo, Meru, Kirwo), or Meru, from Mount Meru
  • Mashami (Kimashame), or "Hai" (Kihai)
  • Siha
  • Kiwoso (Kibosho including Kindi, Kombo, Mweka)
  • Masama
  • Ng’uni

Phonology

[edit]

Vowels

[edit]
Front Central Back
High i iː u uː
Mid e eː o oː
Low a aː

Consonants

[edit]
Consonants in the Mashame dialect[2][3]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d (ɟ)
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ (h)
voiced β ɣ
Rhotic r
Lateral glide l
fricative ɮ
Approximant w j
  • /ɣ/ may also be heard as uvular [ʁ] in free variation.
  • /β/ can also be realized as [ʋ] or [w] among some speakers.
  • [ɟ] is found in loanwords.[3]
  • /h/ rarely occurs.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  2. 1 2 Rugemalira, Josephat Muhozi (2008). Kimashami: Kamusi ya Kimashami-Kiingereza-Kiswahili. Dar es Salaam: Dept. of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, University of Dar es Salaam.
  3. 1 2 Rugemalira, Josephat M.; Phanuel, Benedictor (2012). A grammatical sketch of Kimashami. University of Dar es Salaam.