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Greffier

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A greffier is an official who acts as the clerk or registrar of a court or legislature in France and in some jurisdictions influenced by French legal terminology. In courts, greffiers maintain the official record of proceedings, assist judges at hearings and authenticate judicial acts.[1] The related term greffe denotes the registry or administrative office of a court, where judicial records are kept and procedural documents are received.[2]

The title remains in official use in the Channel Islands. In Guernsey, His Majesty's Greffier has judicial and registration functions and is also the statutory clerk and registrar of the States of Deliberation.[3] Jersey has separate offices of Greffier of the States, who serves as clerk to the States Assembly, and Judicial Greffier, who performs the duties of clerk to the Island's courts and judicial tribunals.[4][5]

Guernsey

[edit]
Grey granite façade of the Royal Court House in St Peter Port
The Royal Court House in St Peter Port, where HM Greffier is based.

In Guernsey, His Majesty's Greffier is the clerk of the Royal and Magistrate's Courts and performs a range of judicial and registration functions.[6] The Reform (Guernsey) Law 1948 also designates HM Greffier as clerk and registrar of the States of Deliberation and the States of Election.[7]

In 2020, HM Greffier delegated the parliamentary functions to a separately appointed States' Greffier, although HM Greffier remains the statutory clerk to the States.[8]

The following table lists holders of the office of HM Greffier since 1945.

Name Dates Brief biographical detail
A. J. Roussel In office in 1945; succeeded by 1948[9][10] Held office during the German occupation and the immediate post-war period.[11]
James E. Le Page In office by 1948; succeeded in 1958[10][12] Previously served as Deputy Greffier.[13]
Roy Henry Videlo 29 November 1958 – 31 July 1981[12] Served both the Royal Court and the States of Deliberation, including as clerk to the States.[12]
Ken Tough 1981–2011[14] A historian of the German occupation who was responsible for the Royal Court archives; he was appointed an OBE in 2012.[14]
Jon Torode August 2011 – 14 March 2025[15] Previously worked in insurance administration, customs and immigration, and sea fisheries. During his tenure, the courts underwent digitalisation and a separate States' Greffier was appointed.[15]
Antonia Read 28 April 2025 – present[16] The first woman to hold the office. She previously served in Guernsey Police, becoming a detective chief inspector and Director of the Financial Intelligence Service.[16]

Jersey

[edit]

In 1931, the previously combined office of Greffier was divided into the Judicial Greffier, responsible for the courts, and Greffier of the States, responsible for the work of the legislature.[17][18] In a 2011 States Assembly debate, former Judicial Greffier Senator Ian Le Marquand said that he believed the division of the office in 1931 had been “purely administrative” rather than for constitutional reasons.[19]

Judicial Greffier

[edit]
Exterior of Royal Court, St Helier
Royal Court House, St Helier, where the Judicial Greffe is based.
Two men standing outdoors before the swearing-in of States members; Ian Le Marquand is on the right
Ian Le Marquand (right), Judicial Greffier from 1990 to 1997, pictured in 2011.

The Judicial Greffier is the clerk or registrar of the Royal Court and the other courts and judicial tribunals of the Island. The Judicial Greffier, Deputy Judicial Greffier or a Greffier Substitute attends their sittings, records and authenticates their acts and decisions, and enters them in the appropriate registers.[20] The Judicial Greffe provides administrative support to the Island's courts and to tribunals dealing with matters including employment and discrimination, social security, mental health and planning.[21]

The office also performs a number of registration functions. The Judicial Greffier maintains the register of political parties, entering parties following an order of the Royal Court and retaining their constitutions and accounts.[22] Other responsibilities of the Judicial Greffe include land, wills and intellectual-property registrations.[23]

The following table lists holders of the office of Judicial Greffier since 1945.

Name Dates Brief biographical detail
A. J. P. Le Riche In office in 1945; succeeded by 1950[24] Held office during the German occupation and the immediate post-war period.[25]
Philip Edgar Le Couteur 1950; still in office in 1968[26][27][28] An advocate and legal scholar who compiled the index to Charles de Gruchy's work on Jersey customary law.[29]
J. W. Bisson In office by 1969; retired in 1971–72[30][31] Previously served as Deputy Judicial Greffier.[32]
Thomas A. Dorey 1972–1982[31] An advocate who resigned following a dispute over pay negotiations.[33] He later served as Sous-Magistrat and Magistrate.[34][35]
Vincent James Obbard In office by 1984; succeeded in 1990[36][37] An advocate who later served as Registrar of the Family Division of the Royal Court; he is also Seigneur of Samarès.[38][39]
Ian Le Marquand 1990–1997[37] An advocate who subsequently became Master of the Royal Court, Magistrate, and an elected member of the States Assembly as Senator and Minister for Home Affairs.[37]
Michael Wilkins 1997–2015[40] Also served as Viscount of the Royal Court, having held that office since 1981.[40]
Paul Matthews 2015–2018[41][42] Served as Deputy Judicial Greffier from 2001 before succeeding Wilkins.[41]
Adam Clarke 2018–2023[42][43] An advocate and former managing partner of Le Gallais & Luce; he left the office to become Assistant Magistrate.[44][43]
Rebecca Morley-Kirk 2023–present[45][46] An advocate and former chair of the Mental Health Review Tribunal; she is the first woman to hold the office.[47]

Greffier of the States

[edit]
Granite office building on Halkett Place in St Helier
Morier House in St Helier, where the States Greffe is based.

The Greffier of the States is clerk of the States Assembly and head of the States Greffe.[48][49] The Greffier appoints and supervises Greffe officers, subject in some cases to the consent of the Bailiff; those officers are not subject to direction by Ministers or the Government's Chief Executive in carrying out their Greffe duties. The Greffier is also responsible for maintaining and authenticating parliamentary records, safeguarding parliamentary privilege, arranging the publication of legislation and laying certain statutory reports before the Assembly.[50][51][52][53]

Legislation assigns the Greffier several additional functions. These include administering the States of Jersey Complaints Panel process that determines complaints against ministers and Government of Jersey departments;[54] serving as an ex officio member of the Jersey Electoral Authority;[55] acting as clerk to the Electoral College which appoints Jurats;[56] and participating in the appointment of the independent reviewer of elected members' remuneration.[57] The Greffier also has custody of the formal minutes of the Council of Ministers and may be appointed to preside over the Assembly when neither the Bailiff nor Deputy Bailiff is available.[58]

The States Greffe is the States Assembly’s independent parliamentary administration, comprising the Greffier, Deputy Greffier and their officers. It provides procedural and administrative support to the Assembly, its committees and scrutiny panels, and maintains its official records.[59] The form States’ Greffe appeared historically, but the Privileges and Procedures Committee agreed in 2003 that the apostrophe—apparently introduced through translation from French—should be removed.[60] Propositions presented to the States are described as "lodged au Greffe".[61]

From 1946 until 1992, the offices of Greffier of the States and Law Draftsman were held by the same person. The arrangement began when Francis de Lisle Bois, Jersey's first Law Draftsman, became Greffier while retaining his drafting office.[62]

The following table lists the Greffiers of the States from the office-holder in 1945.

Name Dates Brief biographical detail
Hedley Le Riche Edwards In office in 1945; succeeded in 1946[63] Held office during the German occupation and the immediate post-war period.[64]
Francis de Lisle Bois 1946–1962[63] An advocate and Jersey's first Law Draftsman; he became Deputy Bailiff in 1962.[63] Author of A Constitutional History of Jersey (1972)
Alfred Durell Le Brocq 1963–1971[65][66] Joined the States Greffe in 1947 and became Deputy Greffier in 1955; he later served as an elected member of the Assembly as Deputy for St John.[65][67]
Edward James MacGregor Potter 1971–1990[66] A barrister who also served as Law Draftsman; he was elected a Jurat after his retirement.[66]
Ronald Stanley Gray 1991–1992[68][69] Previously served as Deputy Greffier.[70]
Geoffrey Henry Charles Coppock 1992–2000[71][72] Previously served as Law Draftsman; his appointment ended the practice of combining the two offices.[73][63]
Catherine Mary Newcombe 2000–2002[72] Joined the States Greffe in 1968 and became the first woman to serve as Greffier; she was later elected a Jurat.[74]
Michael Nelson de la Haye 2002–2015[75][76] Previously served as Deputy Greffier and was appointed an OBE.[75][76]
Mark Egan 2015–2022[76][77] A former House of Commons clerk.[76]
Lisa-Marie Hart 2022–present[77][78] Joined the States Greffe in 2000 and served as Assistant Greffier and Deputy Greffier before her appointment.[77]

France

[edit]

The greffiers are responsible for the records of the courts.[79] A judicial document is not valid without a greffier's signature. They also have some responsibilities for evidence.

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Le métier de greffier". Justice.fr. French Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  2. ↑ "Greffe". Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales. French National Centre for Scientific Research. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  3. ↑ "Reform (Guernsey) Law, 1948". Guernsey Legal Resources. art. 22. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  4. ↑ "Officers". States Assembly. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  5. ↑ "Departments of the Judiciary and the Legislature (Jersey) Law 1965". Jersey Law. art. 11. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  6. ↑ "His Majesty's Greffier, Jon Torode, to retire after 14 years". States of Guernsey. 10 March 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  7. ↑ "Reform (Guernsey) Law, 1948". Guernsey Legal Resources. art. 22. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  8. ↑ "Official Report: 18 March 2020". States of Guernsey. 18 March 2020. p. 834. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  9. ↑ "Confirmation of Laws (Guernsey) Law, 1945". Guernsey Legal Resources. 1945. promulgation. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  10. 1 2 "Rent Control (Guernsey) Law, 1948". Guernsey Legal Resources. 1948. signature. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  11. ↑ "Acte de promulgation de loi". Guernsey Legal Resources. 1941. signature. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  12. 1 2 3 "Official Report of the States of Deliberation". States of Guernsey. 14 December 2012. p. 965. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  13. ↑ "Order in Council". Guernsey Legal Resources. signature. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  14. 1 2 "About us". The Henry Euler Memorial Trust. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  15. 1 2 "His Majesty's Greffier, Jon Torode, retires". Elizabeth College Old Elizabethans Association. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  16. 1 2 Clayton, Laura (24 April 2025). "First female Greffier appointed in Guernsey". Bailiwick Express. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  17. ↑ Bois, F de L (1972). A Constitutional History of Jersey. St Helier: States Greffe. p. 27.
  18. ↑ "Dispositions – Orders in Council 1901 to 1940". Jersey Law. 1931: Loi constituant le Département du Greffe Judiciaire and Loi constituant le Département du Greffe des Etats. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  19. ↑ "Official Report: 30 March 2011". States Assembly. 30 March 2011. 5.1.26. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  20. ↑ "Departments of the Judiciary and the Legislature (Jersey) Law 1965". Jersey Law. art. 11. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  21. ↑ "About the Judicial Greffe". Jersey Courts. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  22. ↑ "Political Parties (Registration) (Jersey) Law 2008". Jersey Law. arts. 4–6 and 9. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  23. ↑ "About the Judicial Greffe". Jersey Courts. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  24. ↑ "Income Tax (Amendment No. 5) (Jersey) Law 1945" (PDF). States of Jersey. p. 3. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  25. ↑ "Printed copies of the Loi Prolongeant pour le terme d'une année certaines Lois passées à titre temporaire". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  26. ↑ Anon (1967). Who’s Who in the Channel Islands 1967. Jersey: Channel Islands Publishing Co Ltd. p. 51.
  27. ↑ "Letter to P. E. Le Couteur, Judicial Greffier, from the Secretary of the Jersey Mutual Insurance Society Incorporated". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  28. ↑ "Photographs relating to the drawing of the jury for the Assise d'Héritage". Jersey Heritage. July–August 1968. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  29. ↑ Falle, Richard; Kelleher, John (2010). "The customary law in relation to the foreshore (2)". Jersey and Guernsey Law Review. para. 169. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  30. ↑ "Parental Rights Order signed by Mr Bisson, Judicial Greffier". Jersey Heritage. 22 January 1969. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  31. 1 2 "Photographs relating to the appointment and retirement of Judicial Greffiers". Jersey Heritage. 15 December 1971 – 20 January 1972. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  32. ↑ "Court Order signed by Deputy Judicial Greffier Bisson". Jersey Heritage. 29 January 1963. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  33. ↑ "Images of the Judicial Greffier, Mr Tom Dorey, who resigned following a dispute over pay negotiations". Jersey Heritage. 10 December 1982. L/A/75/A3/7/3748. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  34. ↑ "States Minutes 28th April 1987". States Assembly. 28 April 1987. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  35. ↑ "States Minutes 23rd January 1990". States Assembly. 23 January 1990. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  36. ↑ "Re-assessment of Parental Rights Order signed by Judicial Greffier V. J. Obbard". Jersey Heritage. 14 September 1984. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  37. 1 2 3 "Social Security Tribunal: appointment of Deputy Chairmen and members". Government of Jersey. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  38. ↑ "Jersey Court Service Annual Report 2011" (PDF). Government of Jersey. p. 3. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  39. ↑ "Report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023" (PDF). Société Jersiaise. 2024. p. 4. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  40. 1 2 "Official Report: 30 April 2015". States Assembly. 30 April 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  41. 1 2 "Judicial Greffier and Viscount appointed in Jersey". ITV News. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  42. 1 2 "States of Jersey Annual Report and Accounts 2018". States Assembly. remuneration report. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  43. 1 2 "Annual Report and Financial Statements 2023" (PDF). Jersey Legal Information Board. p. 3. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  44. ↑ "Bailiff appoints new Assistant Magistrate". Bailiwick Express. 9 March 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  45. ↑ "Assise d'Héritage: Bailiff's speech" (PDF). Government of Jersey. 15 September 2023. para. 11. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  46. ↑ "About the Judicial Greffe". Jersey Courts. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  47. ↑ "Jersey's first female Judicial Greffier appointed". Bailiwick Express. 17 May 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  48. ↑ "States of Jersey Law 2005". Jersey Law. art. 41. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  49. ↑ "About the States Assembly". States Assembly. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  50. ↑ "States of Jersey Law 2005". Jersey Law. arts. 35–38. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  51. ↑ "Freedom of Information (Jersey) Law 2011". Jersey Law. art. 28. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  52. ↑ "Official Publications (Jersey) Law 1960". Jersey Law. art. 3. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  53. ↑ "Comptroller and Auditor General (Jersey) Law 2014". Jersey Law. arts. 19–20. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  54. ↑ "Administrative Decisions (Review) (Jersey) Law 1982". Jersey Law. arts. 2–3. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  55. ↑ "Elections (Jersey) Law 2002". Jersey Law. schedule, paras. 1–2. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  56. ↑ "Royal Court (Jersey) Law 1948". Jersey Law. art. 4(4) and (24). Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  57. ↑ "States of Jersey Law 2005". Jersey Law. art. 44A(1)–(2). Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  58. ↑ "States of Jersey Law 2005". Jersey Law. arts. 3 and 18(4)–(5). Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  59. ↑ "States of Jersey Law 2005". Jersey Law. art. 41. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  60. ↑ Privileges and Procedures Committee (3 October 2003). "PPC Minutes 3rd October 2003". States Assembly. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  61. ↑ See any of the Propositions on the States website.
  62. ↑ "Miscellany: Legislative Drafting Office and qualification in Jersey law". Jersey and Guernsey Law Review. para. 7. 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  63. 1 2 3 4 "Miscellany: Legislative Drafting Office and qualification in Jersey law". Jersey Law. Jersey Legal Information Board. 16 June 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  64. ↑ "Collection search: legislation signed by H. Le Riche Edwards". Jersey Heritage. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  65. 1 2 "The Table" (PDF). Society of Clerks-at-the-Table in Commonwealth Parliaments. 1963. p. 186. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  66. 1 2 3 "Proposed acquisition". Investegate. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  67. ↑ "States Minutes 24th May 1983" (PDF). States Assembly. 24 May 1983. p. 1. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  68. ↑ "States Minutes 15th January 1991". States Assembly. 15 January 1991. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  69. ↑ "States Minutes 9th June 1992". States Assembly. 9 June 1992. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  70. ↑ "States Minutes 31st July 1990". States Assembly. 31 July 1990. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  71. ↑ "States Minutes 9th June 1992". States Assembly. 9 June 1992. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  72. 1 2 "Greffier of the States: appointment". States Assembly. P.17/2000. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  73. ↑ "States Minutes 3rd March 1992". States Assembly. 3 March 1992. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  74. ↑ "Jersey's first female Greffier of the States honoured with room in States Building". States Assembly. 24 June 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  75. 1 2 "Greffier of the States: appointment". States Assembly. P.31/2002. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  76. 1 2 3 4 "Greffier of the States: consent to appointment". States Assembly. 25 August 2015. P.101/2015. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  77. 1 2 3 "Greffier of the States: consent to appointment". States Assembly. 10 March 2022. P.72/2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  78. ↑ "Officers". States Assembly. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  79. ↑ "Greffier: Les fonctions". Ministère de la Justice (in French). Retrieved 9 January 2015.
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