Gertrude (code name)
| Operation Gertrude (planned) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of World War II | |||||
 1942 map of Turkey | |||||
| |||||
| Belligerents | |||||
 Germany Italy Axis Greece Bulgaria Armenian Legion Georgian Legion Kurdish nationalists |
 Turkey | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
|
Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Georgios Tsolakoglou Boris III of Bulgaria Drastamat Kanayan Shalva Maglakelidze Ramzi Nafi |
İsmet İnönü Fevzi Çakmak Fahrettin Altay | ||||
Gertrude or Gertrud was the code name of the joint plan for the invasion of Turkey by Germany, Italy, Bulgaria and Axis-controlled Greece, alongside Armenian and Georgian legions and Kurdish separatists.[1][2][3]
Gertrude was prepared during Case Blue, in the summer of 1942, and was scheduled to begin in late 1942; it would be completed in five weeks, as Turkey was to be thoroughly encircled.[3] Turkey would then be divided between the forces involved.[2]
The project was abandoned because of the rapid advance of the Red Army in the Caucasus region, the Allied invasion of Sicily and Erwin Rommel's loss in the Second Battle of El Alamein.[2][4][5]
References
[edit]- ↑ Keegan, John; Mayer, Sydney L. (1977). The Rand McNally encyclopedia of World War II. Chicago: Rand McNally. ISBN 978-0-528-81060-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - 1 2 3 Perinçek, Mehmet (2016). "Nazi-Dashnak Collaboration during World War II", in "Turkish-Russian Academics: A Historical Study on the Caucasus", ed. Center for Eurasian Studies (Ankara: Terazi Publishing).
- 1 2 Michael, Kerrigan (2019). World War II Plans That Never Happened: The True Story of Cancelled Invasions, Assassinations and Secret Weapons Operations from 1939-1945. Sterling Publishing. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-1782748809.
- ↑ Abramian, Eduard (2007). Forgotten Legion: Sonderverbände Bergmann in World War II, 1941–1945. Europa Books. p. 47. ISBN 978-1891227714.
- ↑ Karadoğan, Umut (2021). "İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sırasında Alman Denizaltılarının Karadeniz'de Batırılmaları ve Askerî Personelin Türkiye'de Zorunlu Misafirliği". Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları / Recent Period Turkish Studies (in Turkish). 0 (40): 29–64. doi:10.26650/YTA2021-895339. ISSN 2547-9679.