Gary Works
| Gary Works | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Aerial view of the Gary Works in 1973 | |
 | |
| Built | 1906 |
| Operated | June 28, 1908 |
| Location |
|
| Coordinates | 41°36′26.1468″N 87°20′15.2664″W / 41.607263000°N 87.337574000°W |
| Industry | Steel |
| Employees | 2,256 (2023) |
The Gary Works is a steel mill in Gary, Indiana, on the shore of Lake Michigan. For many years[which?], the Gary Works was the world's largest steel mill, and it remains the largest integrated mill in North America.[1] It is operated by U.S. Steel.
The Gary Works includes both steelmaking and finishing facilities as an integrated mill, and has an annual capacity of 8.2 million tons.[2] It contains:[3]
- Four blast furnaces
- Three top-blown basic oxygen process (BOP) vessels
- Three bottom-blown BOP (Q-BOP) vessels
- Vacuum degasser
- Three ladle metallurgy facilities
- Four continuous slab casters
- An 84-inch hot strip mill
- Hot-rolled temper mill
- 80- and 84-inch pickle lines
- A 52-inch six-stand and an 80-inch five-stand cold-reduction mills
- Electrolytic cleaning line
- Three batch annealing facilities
- A 38-inch continuous annealing line
- An 80-inch one-stand, a 48-inch two-stand, and an 84-inch two-stand temper mills
- A 48-inch two-stand double cold-reduction mill
- A 37-inch and a 46-inch electrolytic tinning lines
- Pig iron caster
The Gary Works was under construction from 1906 to 1908, and the first shipment of iron ore was unloaded on June 23, 1908.[4] About 11 million cubic feet (310,000 m3) of sand were moved in the process of constructing the plant.[5]
The Gary Works remains Gary's largest single employer and a key element of the city's tax base,[6] but employment levels have fallen substantially since the mid-20th century; the plant and allied facilities employed over 30,000 people in the early 1970s, but only 6,000 in 1990,[7] 5,000 in 2015,[8] 2,500 in 2021,[9] and 2,246 in 2023.[10] The plant is also a central part of the city's geography; its main entrance is at the northern end of Broadway, the city's main thoroughfare.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ↑ NiSource, Inc. (October 14, 1999). "U.S. Steel - Primary Energy Cogeneration Plant at Gary Works Wins National Recognition". Archived from the original on October 22, 2007. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ U.S. Steel. "Gary Works". Retrieved June 10, 2011.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "About Us - Locations - www.ussteel.com". www.ussteel.com. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
- ↑ Schoon 2003, p. 156.
- ↑ Schoon 2003, p. 155.
- ↑ "Gary gets a reprieve as DUAB rules against tax cap". Chicago Crusader. April 16, 2011. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ Catlin 1993, p. 90.
- ↑ Pete, Joseph S. (April 24, 2015). "U.S. Steel starts layoffs of up to 323 workers at Gary Works". NWI Times.
- ↑ Bonior, Jeffrey (October 26, 2021). "How Trade Action Helped Secure the Future for Steelworkers Like Mike Lohse". Alliance for American Manufacturing.
- ↑ Pete, Joseph S. (December 29, 2022). "U.S. Steel to lay off 244 workers when it idles tin operations at Gary Works". NWI Times.
Further reading
[edit]- Catlin, Robert A. (1993). Racial politics and urban planning: Gary, Indiana, 1980-1989.
- Schoon, Kenneth J. (2003). Calumet Beginnings. ISBN 978-0-253-34218-8.