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Fuad Masum

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fuad Masum
فوئاد مەعسووم
فؤاد معصوم
Masum in 2018
7th President of Iraq
In office
24 July 2014 – 2 October 2018
Prime MinisterNouri al-Maliki
Haider al-Abadi
Vice PresidentKhodair al-Khozaei
Nouri al-Maliki
Osama al-Nujaifi
Ayad Alawi
Preceded byJalal Talabani
Succeeded byBarham Salih
Speaker of the Council of Representatives
Acting
In office
14 June 2010 – 11 November 2010
PresidentJalal Talabani
Preceded byAyad al-Samarrai
Succeeded byOsama al-Nujaifi
1st Prime Minister of Kurdistan Region
(PUK-controlled part)
In office
4 July 1992 – 26 April 1994
PresidentSaddam Hussein
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byKosrat Rasul Ali
Personal details
Born (1938-07-01) 1 July 1938 (age 88)
Koya, Kingdom of Iraq
PartyPatriotic Union of Kurdistan (1974–present)
Other political
affiliations
Iraqi Communist Party (1962–1964)
Kurdistan Democratic Party (1964–1974)
Spouse
Rounak Abdulwahid Mustafa
​
​
(m. 1968; died 2023)​
Children6; including Juwan
Alma materUniversity of Baghdad
Al-Azhar University
Religion
Sunni Islam
Signature

Muhammad Fuad Masum Hurami (Arabic: محمد فؤاد معصوم, romanized: Muḥammad Fū’ād Ma‘ṣūm; Kurdish: محەممەد فوئاد مەعسووم هەورامی, born 1 July 1938[1]) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the president of Iraq from 24 July 2014 to 2 October 2018. He was elected as president following the 2014 parliamentary election.[2] Masum is the second non-Arab president of Iraq, succeeding Jalal Talabani, also Kurdish, and was a confidant of Talabani.

Early life and education

[edit]

Fuad Masum was born in the city of Koya. He is the son of Mullah Masum Khider, a former head of the Association of Muslim Scholars in Kurdistan, who belongs to an established political dynasty with Muslim clerical links.[3][4] His family descends from the village of Khabanen, which is part of Hawraman.[5] He studied at various religious schools in Iraqi Kurdistan until the age of 18. He studied law and Sharia at Baghdad University.[6] In 1958, Masum traveled to Cairo to complete his higher education at Al-Azhar University.[7] He worked as a professor in Basrah University in 1968.[6] He earned his PhD in Islamic philosophy from Al-Azhar in 1975.[6]

Political career

[edit]
Masum with US Secretary of State John Kerry at the United Nations headquarters, New York City (September 2014)

Communist Party

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Masum joined the Iraqi Communist Party in 1962, until 1964, where he travelled to Syria to meet the Communist Party secretary there, Khalid Bakdash.[5] After Masum discovered Bakdash's attitudes against the Kurds, he quit the party to join the Kurdistan Democratic Party (PDK).[8][9]

Kurdistan Democratic Party

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In 1968, Masum was the PDK representative in Basra. He was also the representative of the Kurdish Revolution in Cairo until 1975.[5]

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan

[edit]

Masum was one of the founders of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) in 1976.[8] By 1992, he was the first Prime Minister of Kurdistan Region.[8] In 2003, following the invasion of Iraq, Masum returned to Baghdad to be a member of the delegation representing Kurdistan, and was a member of the constitution drafting committee.[5] In 2010, Masum became the first Speaker of the Council of Representatives.[6]

Presidency

[edit]
Masum with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in Saadabad Palace

In 2014, he was elected by the parliament representatives as the seventh president of Iraq.[10] Masum won 211 votes while his closest competitor, Barham Salih,[10] only received 17.[11] The decision was made during a secret vote of Kurdish MPs, who traditionally have control over the presidency for the sake of political balance.[10] United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was present in Iraq when the decision was made, meeting with Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki about the need for a more inclusive government.[12] Masum accepted the position, noting the "huge security, political and economic tasks" he faces as president.[13]

On 26 August, Masum appointed a new prime minister, Haider al-Abadi.[14] His appointment was considered illegal by Nouri al-Maliki and in violation of the constitution.[15] Maliki said that in spite of his erosion of power it was his duty to remain in power because the appointment was a conspiracy rooted from outside of Iraq.[16] Al-Maliki referred the matter to the federal court claiming, "the insistence on this until the end is to protect the state."[17] However, on 14 August 2014, in the face of growing calls from world leaders and members of his own party, Maliki announced he was stepping down, paving the way for al-Abadi to take over.[18]

Personal life

[edit]

Masum married to Rounak Abdulwahid Mustafa (1940–2023)[19] in 1968, and has five daughters: Shireen (b. 1970), Juwan (b. 1972), Zozan (b. 1977), Shilan (b. 1979) and Veian (b. 1982). He had a son, Showan (1974–1988), who died from a childhood illness.[20]

References

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  1. ↑ "イラクにおける新大統領の選出について（外務報道官談話）". 外務省（Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan） (in Japanese). 25 July 2014. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015.
  2. ↑ "Moderate Kurd leader elected as Iraq president". Iraq Sun. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  3. ↑ "Biography of President Fuad Masum, new President of the Republic of Iraq". Iraqi Dinar. 24 July 2014.
  4. ↑ "Iraq profile - leaders". BBC News. 11 August 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Who is Fuad Masum, the President of Iraq?". ALSUMARIA. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Who is Fuad Masum, the new Iraqi President?". BBC. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  7. ↑ "Talabani's old time friend becomes candidate for Iraqi President | BAS NEWS". Bas News. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  8. 1 2 3 "Who is the new Iraqi president, Fuad Masum Hawrami?". Al Hayat. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  9. ↑ Heath-Brown, Nick (7 February 2017). The Statesman's Yearbook 2016: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Springer. ISBN 9781349578238.
  10. 1 2 3 "Iraq selects senior Kurdish politician Fuad Masum president". World Bulletin. 24 July 2014. Archived from the original on 14 September 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  11. ↑ "Iraq parliament elects Fuad Masum president: speaker". InterAksyon. Agence France-Presse. 24 July 2014. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  12. ↑ "Iraq gets new president in Fuad Masum, UN chief Ban Ki-moon seeks more urgency". The Times of India. Agence France-Presse. 25 July 2014. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  13. ↑ "Iraq elects Fuad Masum as president". The Hindu. Associated Press. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  14. ↑ Madi, Mohamed (11 August 2014). "Profile: Haider al-Abadi, Iraqi PM in waiting". BBC News. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  15. ↑ "Power struggle on Baghdad streets as Maliki replaced but refuses to go". Reuters. August 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  16. ↑ Morris (13 August 2014). "Maliki asserts 'duty' to cling to power in Iraq; Iran's supreme leader weighs in". Washington Post.
  17. ↑ "Iraq's Incumbent PM Nouri Al-Maliki Grows More Isolated As He Clings To Power". Huffington Post. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  18. ↑ "Baghdad's Shiites in bid to oust Kurdish president of Iraq". Rudaw. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  19. ↑ "وفاة زوجة رئيس الجمهورية الاسبق فؤاد معصوم". Kurdistan 24 (in Arabic). 11 August 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
  20. ↑ "Who is Dr. Fuad Masum? | Iraqi Dinar News Today". Iraqi Dinar News Today. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuad_Masum&oldid=1376726952"