Essential Air Service
Essential Air Service (EAS) is a U.S. government program enacted to guarantee that small communities in the United States, which had been served by certificated airlines prior to deregulation in 1978, maintain commercial service. Its aim is to maintain a minimal level of scheduled air service to these communities that otherwise would not be profitable.[1] The program is codified at 49 U.S.C. §§ 41731–41748.
The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) subsidizes airlines to serve communities across the country that otherwise would not receive scheduled air service.[1] As of June 1, 2015, 159 communities in the US received EAS subsidies, of which 44 were in Alaska, two in Hawaii, and one in Puerto Rico.[2] The decision as to what degree of subsidized service a community requires is made based on identifying a specific hub for the community and from there determining the number of trips, seats, and type of aircraft that are necessary to serve that hub.[1]
These increases occurred despite numerous Congressional measures to contain program spending.[2] The George W. Bush Administration sought to reduce the cost of the program to $50 million by stricter eligibility criteria and requiring the local governments of the areas served to contribute to the cost.[3] As of October 2024, subsidies for the program amounted $550 million.[4]
Community eligibility criteria
[edit]
Pursuant to the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2000, no community within the 48 contiguous states may receive a subsidy greater than $200 per passenger unless the community is more than 210 miles (340 km) from the nearest large or medium hub airport. Pursuant to the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, to be eligible for the program, a community in the contiguous 48 states must either maintain an average of 10 or more enplanements per service day or be located more than 175 miles (282 km) from the nearest large or medium hub airport. The criteria for 10 or more enplanements can be waived by the Secretary of Transportation, on an annual basis, if a community can demonstrate that it is due to a temporary decline.[5]
The Department of Transportation, pursuant to the Consolidated and Further Appropriations Act of 2015, is required to negotiate a local cost share with communities located less than 40 miles (64 km) from a small hub airport.[5]
Controversy
[edit]Critics question the economic and environmental efficiency of the service.[6] According to a 2006 New York Times article on the program, the subsidy per passenger, averaged across the entire program excluding Alaska, is approximately $74, and much higher on some particularly poorly patronized flights[7] where subsidies are as high as $801 per passenger.[8]
The program is politically popular in the cities receiving the subsidized flights, many of which use an airport with scheduled service as a selling point to attract industry to their regions. Several subsidized airports are within an hour's drive from an unsubsidized airport.[6]
Report tables
[edit]The following tables list all Essential Air Service communities under the various funding programs. This is based on the most recent reports issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT),[9][10][11] and updated to reflect changes based on DOT orders. Docket and order numbers link to their respective pages on the docket management site, which typically includes the original files in PDF and other formats. The hubs are designated using the three-letter IATA airport code assigned by the International Air Transport Association.[12]
Subsidized EAS communities
[edit]Areas excluding Alaska
[edit]Alaska
[edit]*Service includes flag stop(s)
Alternate Essential Air Service
[edit]The Alternate Essential Air Service program grants funds directly to the municipality or airport authority instead of the air carrier. This allows the community to recruit air service that would not otherwise meet EAS guidelines, such as more frequent service with smaller aircraft, less-than-daily service, flights to differing destinations at different times of the year or week, on-demand air taxi service, scheduled or on-demand ground surface transportation, regionalized air service, or even purchasing an aircraft. This alternative program has most often occurred as a public charter arrangement as prescribed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 380. The first airport to enter this program was Manistee County Blacker Airport in 2012.[13]
Community Flexibility Pilot Program
[edit]Under the Community Flexibility Pilot Program, established in 2003, up to ten communities can receive a grant equal to two years' worth of subsidy in exchange for forgoing their EAS service for ten years.[14][15] These grants must be used to fund projects that will improve the airport for general aviation. As of 2020, only one community has ever taken advantage of the program:
| State | Community | Airport | Total grant | Docket | Order | Expires |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA | Visalia | Visalia Municipal Airport | $3,703,368 | 2004-19916 | 2017-1-2 | Jan 2, 2027 |
Communities formerly having subsidized EAS
[edit]The following tables list airports which formerly had Essential Air Service subsidized routes.[16]
Areas excluding Alaska
[edit]| State | Community | Airport | Service to hub(s) | Carrier | Aircraft/seats | Docket | Order | Ended | Reason/notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GA | Moultrie/Thomasville | 89-9-37[17] | Oct 1, 1989 | ||||||
| KS | Indpendence/Parsons/Coffeyville | 89-9-37[17] | Oct 1, 1989 | ||||||
| IN | Kokomo/Logansport/Peru | 89-9-37[17] | Oct 1, 1989 | ||||||
| ME | Lewiston/Auburn | 89-9-37[17] | Oct 1, 1989 | ||||||
| KS | Hutchinson | 89-9-37[17] | Oct 1, 1989 | ||||||
| WI | Beloit/Janesville | 89-9-37[17] | Oct 1, 1989 | ||||||
| AZ | Winslow | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| NC | Rocky Mount/Wilson | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| CA | Blythe | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| NC | Winston-Salem | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| IN | Elkhart | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| OH | Mansfield | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| IA | Clinton | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| OK | McAlester | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| MA | New Bedford/Fall River | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| MI | Benton Harbor/St. Joseph | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| TN/KY | Clarksville/Fort Campbell/Hopkinsville | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| MI | Jackson | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| TX | Brownsville | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| MI | Battle Creek | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| TX | Temple | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| NE | Columbus | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| VT | Monpelier/Barre | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| NE | Sidney | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| WI | Manitowoc | 89-12-52[17] | Jan 1, 1990 | ||||||
| AL | Gadsen | 93-11-44[17] | Dec 1, 1993 | ||||||
| NH | Laconia | 93-11-44[17] | Dec 1, 1993 | ||||||
| CA | Stockton | 93-11-44[17] | Dec 1, 1993 | ||||||
| IL | Galesburg | 93-11-44[17] | Dec 1, 1993 | ||||||
| TX | Paris | 93-11-44[17] | Dec 1, 1993 | ||||||
| IN | Bloomington | 93-11-44[17] | Dec 1, 1993 | ||||||
| VA | Hot Springs | 93-11-44[17] | Dec 1, 1993 | ||||||
| IN | Muncie/Anderson/New Castle | 93-11-44[17] | Dec 1, 1993 | ||||||
| WV | Elkins | 93-11-44[17] | Dec 1, 1993 | ||||||
| NJ | Trenton | 94-5-11[17] | Jun 8, 1994 | ||||||
| IL | Danville | 94-10-20[17] | Nov 30, 1994 | ||||||
| VA | Danville | 95-8-32[17] | Oct 1, 1995 | ||||||
| MN | Worthington | 95-11-28[17] | Nov 27, 1995 | ||||||
| AL | Anniston | Anniston Regional Airport | Atlanta (ATL) | Gulfstream International Airlines | Beech C-99 / 15 | 1995-889 | 96-5-31 | Jun 1, 1996 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. EAS funding shortages. |
| IL | Sterling/Rock Falls | Whiteside County Airport | Chicago O'Hare (ORD) | Great Lakes Aviation d.b.a. United Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1996-1247 | 99-2-21 | Apr 12, 1999 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. EAS funding shortages. |
| IN | Terre Haute | 99-5-8 | Jun 2, 1999 | ||||||
| IL | Mt. Vernon | Mount Vernon Airport | Chicago O'Hare (ORD) | Great Lakes Aviation d.b.a. United Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1996-1265 | 99-10-2 | Oct 30, 1999 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap and less than 210 miles from multiple medium or large hub airports. |
| CT | Bridgeport | Sikorsky Memorial Airport | Baltimore (BWI) | Mesa Air Group operating as U.S. Airways Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1999-6186 | 99-10-12 | Nov 29, 1999 | Airport is more than 70 miles from multiple medium or large hub airports. Community rejected proposal to terminal service with less than 90 days notice. |
| MN | Fairmont | Fairmont Municipal Airport (Minnesota) | Minneapolis (MSP) | Great Lakes Aviation | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1998-3843 | 99-12-11 | Jan 6, 2000 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| KS | Goodland | Goodland Municipal Airport | Kansas City (MCI) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1999-6590 | 2000-2-18 | Apr 1, 2000 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| CO | Lamar | Lamar Municipal Airport (Colorado) | Kansas City (MCI) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1999-6590 | 2000-2-18 | Apr 1, 2000 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| IL | Mattoon/Charleston | Coles County Memorial Airport | Chicago O'Hare (ORD) | Great Lakes Airlines d.b.a. United Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 2000-8324 | 2001-1-7 | Feb 13, 2001 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap and less than 210 miles from multiple medium or large hub airports. |
| SD | Yankton | Chan Gurney Municipal Airport | Denver (DEN) | Great Lakes Airlines d.b.a. United Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 2000-8321 | 2001-4-6 | Apr 30, 2001 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap and less than 210 miles from a medium hub airport (Omaha). |
| IA | Ottumwa | Ottumwa Regional Airport | Chicago O'Hare (ORD) | Great Lakes Airlines d.b.a. United Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 2000-8323 | 2001-9-1 | Oct 1, 2001 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap and less than 210 miles from a medium hub airport (Omaha). |
| CA | Santa Rosa | Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport | San Francisco (SFO) | SkyWest Airlines d.b.a. United Express | Embraer Brasilia 120 / 30 | 2001-10439 | 2001-10-5 | Nov 14, 2001 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport. Department encourages air service due to high levels of demand. |
| NY | Utica | Oneida County Airport | New York City (JFK) | Champaign Enterprises d.b.a. CommutAir | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 2000-7556 | 2002-6-21 | Jun 30, 2002 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| NM | Gallup | Gallup Municipal Airport | Albuquerque (ABQ) or
Phoenix (PHX) |
Mesa Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1998-4706 | 2002-7-7 | Jul 29, 2002 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap and less than 210 miles from a medium hub airport (Albuquerque). |
| OH | Youngstown | Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport | Detroit (DTW) | Mesaba Aviation d.b.a. Mesaba Airlines | Saab SF340 / 34 | 2002-12477 | 2002-9-12 | Sep 9, 2002 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport. Department encourages air service due to high levels of demand. |
| MA | Worcester | Worcester Regional Airport | Philadelphia (PHL) | Allegheny Airlines d.b.a. U.S. Airways Express | Dash-8 / 37 | 2003-14333 | 2003-2-6 | Feb 23, 2003 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap and less than 70 miles from multiple medium or large hub airports. Community was amenable to suspending service. |
| WI | Oshkosh | Wittman Regional Airport | Chicago O'Hare (ORD) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1999-5712 | 2003-2-20 | Mar 1, 2003 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| KS | Topeka | Topeka Regional Airport | Kansas City (MCI) | Air Midwest d.b.a. U.S. Airways Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1996-1352 | 2003-4-16 | May 1, 2003 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap and less than 210 miles from a medium hub airport (Kansas City). |
| MS | Columbus | Golden Triangle Regional Airport | Memphis (MEM) including via Tupelo, MS (TUP) | Mesaba Aviation d.b.a. Northwest Airlink | Saab SF 340 / 34 | 2003-15127 | 2003-5-17 | Jun 6, 2003 | Community agreed to service suspension. Remaining unsubsidized service exceeds capacity limits. |
| NJ | Atlantic City | Atlantic City International Airport | Philadelphia (PHL) | Air Midwest d.b.a. U.S. Airways Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 2003-15413 | 2003-7-15 | Sep 2, 2003 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport |
| CT | New London/Groton | Groton–New London Airport | Philadelphia (PHL) | Air Midwest d.b.a. U.S. Airways Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 2003-15415 | 2003-7-15 | Sep 2, 2003 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport |
| IN | Lafayette | Purdue University Airport | St. Louis (STL) | Corporate Airlines d.b.a. American Connection | Jetstream 32 / 19 | 2004-16915 | 2004-1-24 | Feb 15, 2004 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport |
| NE | Norfolk | Norfolk Regional Airport | Denver (DEN) via North Platte (LBF) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1998-3704 | 2004-5-15 | May 25, 2004 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap and less than 210 miles from a medium hub airport (Omaha). |
| MA | Bedford | Hanscom Field | Trenton (TTN) | Shuttle America Corporation d.b.a. U.S. Airways Express | Saab 340 / 34 | 2004-17009 | 2004-3-8 | May 31, 2004 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport |
| PA | Reading | Reading Regional Airport | Philadelphia (PHL) | Air Midwest d.b.a. U.S. Airways Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 2004-14942 | 2004-6-11 | Aug 25, 2004 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport. Department encourages air service due to high levels of demand. |
| NM | Santa Fe | Santa Fe Regional Airport | Denver (DEN) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 2004-19825 | 2005-1-3 | Mar 1, 2005 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport. Other non-subsidized air service commenced after 90-day notice. Department order confirms ineligibility for subsidy. |
| TX | Brownwood | Brownwood Regional Airport | Dallas-Ft. Worth (DFW) | Air Midwest | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1997-2402 | 2005-1-14 | Mar 13, 2005 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| CA | Palmdale/Lancaster | Palmdale Regional Airport | North Las Vegas (LVT) | Scenic Airlines | Regional Aircraft / 19 | 2005-23350 | 2006-1-8 | Jan 14, 2006 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport |
| NC | Hickory | Hickory Regional Airport | Atlanta (ATL) | Atlantic Southeast Airlines | CRJ Regional Aircraft / 40 | 2005-22835 | 2005-11-10 | Jan 23, 2006 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport. Department encourages air service due to high levels of demand. |
| WV | Bluefield/Princeton | Mercer County Airport (West Virginia) | Washington-Dulles (IAD) | Colgan Air d.b.a. U.S. Airways Express | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1997-2761 | 2006-6-22 | Aug 1, 2006 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| OK | Enid | Enid Woodring Regional Airport | Denver (DEN) via Liberal, KS (LBL) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1997-2401 | 2006-7-25 | Sep 1, 2006 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| OK | Ponca City | Ponca City Regional Airport | Denver (DEN) via Dodge City, KS (DDC) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1997-2401 | 2006-7-25 | Sep 1, 2006 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| WA | Ephrata/Moses Lake | Moses Lake Municipal Airport | Boise (BOI)
Portland (PDX) |
Big Sky Airlines | Fairchild Metro II/23 / 19 | 1998-3344 | 2006-8-16 | Sep 1, 2006 | Exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| OR | Salem | McNary Field | Salt Lake City (SLC) | SkyWest Airlines d.b.a. Delta Connection | Regional jets / 50 | 2008-0221 | 2008-8-10 | Oct 12, 2008 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport |
| SD | Brookings | Brookings Regional Airport | 2008-12-30 | Sep 30, 2009 | |||||
| CA | Oxnard/Ventura | Oxnard Airport | Los Angeles (LAX) | SkyWest Airlines d.b.a. United Express | Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia / 30 | 2010-0041 | 2010-3-24 | Jun 8, 2010 | Airport does not meet subsidy criteria for EAS distance from large or medium hub airport |
| NM | Alamogordo, New Mexico/Holloman AFB | Alamogordo–White Sands Regional Airport | Albuquerque (ABQ) | New Mexico Airlines | Cessna Grand Caravan / 9 | 1996-1901 | 2012-2-14 | Apr 1, 2012 | Exceeded $1,000 subsidy cap |
| NV | Ely | Ely Airport | Las Vegas (LAS) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1995-361 | 2012-12-14 | Mar 31, 2013 | Exceeded $1000 per passenger subsidy cap in effect at the time.[18] |
| MT | Lewistown | Lewistown Municipal Airport | Billings (BIL) | Silver Airways | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1997-2605 | 2013-6-13 | Jul 16, 2013 | Exceeded $1,000 subsidy cap |
| MT | Miles City | Miles City Airport | Billings (BIL) | Silver Airways | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1997-2605 | 2013-6-13 | Jul 16, 2013 | Exceeded $1,000 subsidy cap |
| GA | Athens | Athens–Ben Epps Airport | Nashville (BNA) | Seaport Airlines | Cessna Grand Caravan | 2002-11348 | 2014-6-6 | Sep 30, 2014 | Below 10 passenger enplanement requirement and did not submit an objection. |
| AZ | Kingman | Kingman Airport (Arizona) | Los Angeles (LAX) or
Phoenix (PHX) |
Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1996-1899 | 2015-3-6 | May 1, 2015 | Exceeded $1,000 subsidy cap |
| KS | Great Bend | Great Bend Municipal Airport | Kansas City (MCI) | Seaport Airlines | Cessna Grand Caravan | 1998-3496 | 2016-5-14 | May 20, 2016 | Exceeded $1,000 subsidy cap |
| WY | Worland | Worland Municipal Airport | Denver (DEN) via Riverton, WY (RIV) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 1997-2981 | 2016-5-16 | Sep 30, 2016 | Exceeded $1,000 subsidy cap |
| SD | Huron | Huron Regional Airport | Minneapolis/St. Paul (MSP) | Great Lakes Airlines | Beechcraft 1900D / 19 | 2000-7138 | 2014-7-10 | Sep 30, 2016 | Exceeded $1,000 subsidy cap |
| NY | Jamestown | Chautauqua County/Jamestown Airport | Pittsburgh (PIT) | Southern Airways Express | Cessna 208 Caravan / 9 | 2003-14950 | 2017-12-2 | Jan 16, 2018 | Not compliant with the Subsidy Cap and ten-enplanement requirement, and denies the community’s request for a waiver for these requirements. Numerous attempts to re-establish essential air service have failed.[19] |
| MD | Hagerstown | Hagerstown Regional Airport | Baltimore (BWI)
Pittsburgh (PIT) |
Southern Airways Express | Cessna 208 Caravan / 9 | 2006-25228 | 2019-8-17 | Oct 18, 2019 | Below 10 passenger enplanement requirement and exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
| PA | Franklin / Oil City | Venango Regional Airport | Pittsburgh (PIT) | Southern Airways Express | Cessna 208 Caravan / 9 | 1997-2523 | 2019-8-17 | Oct 18, 2019 | Below 10 passenger enplanement requirement and exceeded $200 subsidy cap. |
Alaska
[edit]| Community | Airport | Service to hub(s) | Carrier | Aircraft | Docket | Order | Ended | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klawock | Klawock Airport | Ketchikan (KTN) | L.A.B. Flying Service | Piper Cherokee | 2006-26002 | 2006-10-7 | Oct 7, 2006 | Community agreed to suspending service with reliable alternative transportation. |
| Chatham | Chatham Seaplane Base | Juneau (JNU) | Ward Air | Cessna 185 / 3, or Cessna 206 / 4, or de Havilland Beaver / 6 |
1997-3134 | 2018-8-15 | Sep 30, 2018 | Low resident count, no objections to terminating service |
| Rampart | Rampart Airport | Fairbanks (FAI) | Warbelow's Air Ventures | Piper Navajo / 9 | 2008-0201 | 2016-8-2 | Aug 2, 2016 | Subsidy no longer required |
| Funter Bay | Funter Bay Seaplane Base | Juneau (JNU) | Ward Air | Cessna 185 / 3, or Cessna 206 / 4, or de Havilland Beaver / 6 |
1997-3134 | 2018-8-15 | Sep 30, 2018 | Low resident count, no objections to terminating service |
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 "Essential Air Service". U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Retrieved October 1, 2014.
- 1 2 Tang, Rachel Y. (September 3, 2015). "Essential Air Service (EAS)" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
- ↑ Cataldo, Rosie (May 1, 2003). "Clipped wings for Essential Air Service?". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved November 17, 2025.
- ↑ Karabaic, Lillian (October 10, 2025). "As Congress weighs rural air subsidies ... what about rural bus service?". Marketplace. Retrieved November 17, 2025.
- 1 2 "Essential Air Service". Transportation.gov. US Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
- 1 2 "Federal Subsidies Keep Small-Town Airports Flying". NPR. November 18, 2009.
- ↑ Bailey, Jeff (October 6, 2006). "Subsidies Keep Airlines Flying to Small Towns". The New York Times. Retrieved October 6, 2006.
- ↑ "Comparison of Essential Air Service Program to Alternative Coach Bus Service" (PDF). American Bus Association. September 2011. Archived from the original on February 2, 2012. Archived as of February 2, 2012
- ↑ "Essential Air Service Reports". U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
- ↑ "US Non-Alaskan Subsidized EAS Report". U.S. Department of Transportation. October 2015. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
- ↑ "US Alaskan Subsidized EAS Report". U.S. Department of Transportation. October 2015. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
- ↑ "Airline and Airport Code Search". International Air Transport Association (IATA). Retrieved June 29, 2018.
- ↑ Kotler, Fred B. Passenger Air Service in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula: Overview and Analysis, UPWard Initiative, November 2012, Retrieved April 1, 2015
- ↑ Steinberg, Andrew B. (June 15, 2017). "Improving Air Service to Small and Rural Communities". US Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
- ↑ "Order Requesting Applications" (PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation. May 17, 2016. 2016-5-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 30, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2026 – via Regulations.gov.
- ↑ "Essential Air Service Communities Terminated Since 1989" (PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation. February 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 23, 2018. Retrieved September 7, 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 "Essential Air Service Communities Eliminated from Subsidy-Eligibility by Program-Wide Cuts". U.S. Department of Transportation. July 2010. Archived from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved September 6, 2026.
Oshkosh, WI, by Order 2003-2-20, effective March 1, 2003
- ↑ "Order to Show Cause Proposing Termination of Essential Air Service Eligibility". U.S. Department of Transportation. December 14, 2012. 2012-12-8. Retrieved September 6, 2026 – via Regulations.gov.
- ↑ Beam, Adam (July 15, 2026). "DOT denies Chautauqua County's bid to restore Essential Air Service at Jamestown Airport". WKBW 7 News Buffalo. Retrieved September 24, 2026.