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Dreamlover

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Dreamlover"
A yellow-toned headshot of Carey closing her eyes and smiling
Single by Mariah Carey
from the album Music Box
B-side"Do You Think of Me"
ReleasedJuly 27, 1993
Recorded1993
StudioRight Track (New York City)
Genre
Length3:53
LabelColumbia
Composers
LyricistMariah Carey
Producers
Mariah Carey singles chronology
"If It's Over"
(1992)		 "Dreamlover"
(1993)		 "Hero"
(1993)
Music video
"Dreamlover" on YouTube

"Dreamlover" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey for her third studio album, Music Box (1993). Columbia Records issued it as the album's lead single on July 27, 1993. Its lyrics, written by Carey, describe the narrator's yearning for an ideal lover who will not disappoint her as others have in the past. Carey and Dave Hall composed the music; they produced it with Walter Afanasieff. A pop, R&B, and dance track with new jack swing and hip-hop influences, "Dreamlover" features keyboards, synthesizers, programmed drums, and electric organ. Its melody and instrumentation feature a sample of the hook from "Blind Alley" (1971) by the Emotions.

Music critics deemed "Dreamlover" a highlight from Music Box and were fond of its production; Carey's restrained vocals and lyricism received more mixed reviews. It received a nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 36th Annual Grammy Awards. The song received significant airplay across American adult contemporary, urban contemporary, and contemporary hit radio stations and broke the record for the most airplay in a single week. It topped the US Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart—Carey's seventh song to do so—for eight consecutive weeks. The Recording Industry Association of America certified it platinum. Elsewhere, it topped the charts in Canada and Panama and reached the top ten in Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, and the United Kingdom.

Diane Martel directed the music video for "Dreamlover", which depicts Carey dancing in a field, swimming in a pond, and riding a hot air balloon. American music video channels heavily rotated it, and critics embraced its lighthearted nature. She has performed the song on televised programs—such as The Arsenio Hall Show and Top of the Pops—and on many of her concert tours and residencies, including the Music Box Tour (1993). Ranked high on retrospective lists of her best songs, "Dreamlover" is featured on the compilation albums #1's (1998), Greatest Hits (2001), and #1 to Infinity (2015). David Morales and Brian Alexander Morgan altered the track's composition for remixes.

Background and recording

[edit]

Columbia Records released Mariah Carey's second studio album, Emotions, in 1992. Its singles—"Emotions", "Can't Let Go", and "Make It Happen"—were successful in the United States.[1] Her label gave her creative control over the production of Emotions, which she lacked on her debut studio album, Mariah Carey (1990).[2] Carey had even more control over her music following the release of her first extended play, MTV Unplugged (1992).[3] For her third studio album, Music Box (1993), she continued working with collaborators Walter Afanasieff, David Cole, and Robert Clivillés, and began new relationships with Babyface and Dave Hall.[4] Her label wanted the record to be more pop-oriented than her previous work to broaden her appeal to a wider audience.[5]

Carey decided to collaborate with Hall for the lead single to Music Box because she liked the work he was doing for Mary J. Blige at the time. She wanted the track to be joyful; although Hall was not accustomed to making such songs, he agreed.[6] The song, titled "Dreamlover", would mark the second time Carey incorporated a sampled loop from an older song after "Emotions" (1991). She and Hall listened to several loops before settling on "Blind Alley" (1971) by the Emotions.[7][8] After she and Hall had created an instrumental, Carey would formulate lyrics over the beat they created.[7][8] Tommy Mottola, the head of Columbia and Carey's fiancé at the time, enjoyed the track that the two had made, but felt that it did not have enough widespread appeal.[9] He consulted producer Walter Afanasieff, who believed that their version of "Dreamlover" was "missing a lot of stuff" and that, although the "spirit was up", it was not "hitting hard enough".[10] Afanasieff reworked the drums, organ and keyboards.[7]

Composition

[edit]

Music and lyrics

[edit]
Three women with afros smiling
"Dreamlover" was the second time Carey sampled a song from the Emotions.

Musically, "Dreamlover" is a pop,[11][12] R&B,[13] and dance track[14] with new jack swing and hip-hop influences.[15][16] It derives its groove and drum pattern from the sample of "Blind Alley".[8] Critics said that the sample and Hammond B-3 organ gave the track a vintage sound.[17][18][19] Author Tim Chan felt that "Dreamlover" had a stronger "vintage flavor" than Hall's other works of the 1990s.[19] Biographer Marc Shapiro described its production as evoking a 1950s style,[4] whereas Tom Breihan of Stereogum interpreted the organ parts as a 1960s "soul touch" and the drums as drawn from a 1970s soul record.[8] Brian Alexander Morgan altered its composition for remixes.[20]

Critics considered "Dreamlover" a radio-friendly composition.[21][22][23] It is structured in verse–chorus form and built on a repeating Fmaj7–Gm7–Fmaj7–Gm7 chord progression.[17][24] The lyrics portray the narrator as longing for an ideal partner who can offer her lasting love.[8][17] She sings: "Dreamlover, come rescue me / Take me up, take me down / Take me anywhere you want to baby now".[18] Commentators interpreted the lyrics as referring to Mottola.[12][13] In the second verse, she references past failed relationships and hopes that her ideal partner will not disappoint her: "I don't want another pretender to disillusion me one more time / Whispering words of forever, playing with my mind".[8] PC Muñoz, writing for PopMatters, interpreted the lines as a "mix of innocence and very grown-up cynicism and world-weariness".[17]

"Dreamlover"
Critics deemed Carey's vocal performance on "Dreamlover" subdued.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

According to official sheet music published by Hal Leonard, "Dreamlover" has a moderate tempo of 100 beats per minute. The track runs for three minutes and fifty-three seconds.[24][25][17] Bob Ross, Jim Caruana, Kirk Yano, and Dana Jon Chappelle engineered the song at Right Track Recording in New York City; Chappelle handled lead-vocal engineering. It was mixed by Mick Guzauski in Sony Music Studios in New York City and mastered by Bob Ludwig at Gateway in Portland, Maine. "Dreamlover" features synthesizer and rhythm programming by Hall, additional keyboards, synthesizer, rhythm programming, and organ by Afanasieff, and programming by Gary Cirimelli and Ren Klyce.[25]

Carey's vocal range spans three octaves and seven semitones, from the low note of F3 to the high note of C7.[24] Her multitracked vocals feature a cooing delivery throughout "Dreamlover".[17][8] She employs her whistle register to introduce the first verse of "Dreamlover" and reprises it to whistle the melody near the song's conclusion.[13][26] Writing for The Village Voice, Chuck Eddy compared these notes and the track's wordless, repeated "doo" hook to Minnie Riperton's 1974 song "Lovin' You".[27] The song ends with an a cappella tagline.[28][29] Critics deemed her vocal performance subdued;[30][31] The Morning Call suggested criticism towards her "stunt-singing" on Emotions may have encouraged a restrained technique.[32] Shapiro described her voice as sounding "perpetually happy" and likened it to that of a little girl;[33] Newsday's Wayne Robbins thought that it evoked the Motown and Philadelphia soul singing styles Carey heard while growing up.[34]

"Dreamlover" (Def Club Mix)

[edit]

The original "Dreamlover": It's cute, it's like, "Hold my hand and then let's take a walk in the park" [...] Now, with the remix, you really hear her emotions of what's going on because she's more naked in the track.

— David Morales, who remixed "Dreamlover" (Def Club Mix)[35]

Ten minutes and forty-three seconds in length,[36] "Dreamlover" (Def Club Mix) is a dance, pop, house, and gospel reworking of the original.[35] David Morales and Carey remixed the track; Morales provided its percussion and Alec Shantzis and Eric Kupper programmed the keyboards.[37] Carey re-recorded her vocals for the track—an uncommon practice for pop remixes at the time, when it was more common to speed up the original lead vocals.[35] Commentators regarded the Def Club Mix as effectively a new song, in which the original's girlishness was substituted for a more sensual tone;[a] Chan described it as Carey reimagining herself as a femme fatale.[38]

On "Dreamlover" (Def Club Mix), Carey's falsetto vocals are huskier and lower-pitched than on the original.[38][40] The song opens with echoing electronic beats accompanied by syncopated ad-libs that shift in pitch. About six minutes in, Morales introduces a series of sound effects resembling explosions, after which the arrangement develops into a slower section. It then moves toward a gospel–house breakdown, which is led by Carey's whistle register. Carey's backing vocalists Kelly Price, Melonie Daniels, and Shanrae Price join her nine minutes into the track.[35]

Release

[edit]

Columbia Records issued "Dreamlover" as the lead single from Music Box on July 27, 1993.[41][42] It was distributed to retailers as a 7-inch vinyl single, cassette single, and CD single, with "Do You Think of Me" as the B-side on the first two formats and as an additional track on the CD.[43] "Do You Think of Me" is a sentimental ballad in which the narrator wonders whether her former lover still thinks of her at night. Carey did not include "Do You Think of Me" on an album until its appearance on The Rarities (2020).[44] The Gavin Report reported on July 30 that Columbia sent a 28-second teaser of "Dreamlover" to radio programmers. The full-length recording was quickly distributed to some stations after it leaked to radio.[16] The label officially serviced the single to adult contemporary, urban contemporary, and contemporary hit radio stations on August 2.[16][45]

"Dreamlover" was released as a cassette maxi single, maxi CD single, and 12-inch vinyl in August.[46][47] In Japan, the song was issued as a mini CD single on September 9, 1993, by Sony Music Japan, again including "Do You Think of Me".[48] In addition to that song, European maxi-single and UK single editions also a live recording of "Someday" from her 1992 extended play, MTV Unplugged.[49][50] "Dreamlover" has been included on three of Carey's compilation albums: #1's (1998),[51] Greatest Hits (2001),[52] and #1 to Infinity (2015).[53] Columbia and Legacy Recordings released a digital extended play as part of the MC30 promotional campaign marking three decades of Carey's career on August 7, 2020.[54][55]

Critical reception

[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusicStarStarStar[56]
Stereogum8/10[8]
Sunday Sun7/10[57]

Music critics gave "Dreamlover" generally positive reviews.[58] They considered it the best[b] or one of the best tracks on Music Box[c] and regarded it as a standout from most the album's other tracks, which they judged to be weak.[d] The song has been ranked highly in retrospective rankings of Carey's work. On lists of her best singles, "Dreamlover" placed seventh on The Guardian's,[63] sixth on Cleveland.com's,[64] and second on Vulture's;[65] Billboard ranked it eighth among her best songs.[66]

Critics were divided over Carey's restrained vocals on "Dreamlover". Cash Box called them seductive[67] and Music Week felt that they demonstrated that sometimes "less is more".[68] In contrast, David Browne argued in Entertainment Weekly that this left Carey merely singing on the track, "los[ing] herself".[30] Breihan suggested the style was deliberate, as the song was not "specifically built to showcase [her] voice".[8] Critics had mixed opinions of the songwriting; some deemed it simple or formulaic.[e] Cinquemani thought that this was due to Carey's limited creative control at the time.[69] Browne remarked that its lyricism made "Hallmark verses seem like Proust".[30] Joel Selvin of the San Francisco Chronicle and Barbara Jaeger of The Record opined that "Dreamlover" demonstrated Carey's improving songwriting ability.[71][72]

Reviewers enjoyed the song's production. They regarded "Dreamlover" as a breezy,[12][73] fun,[17][8] and "girlish"[32][74] composition and praised both the song and its hook as catchy.[f] Tom Moon of The Philadelphia Inquirer judged it to be a considerable musical deviation from Carey's previous works[77] and Ashley Carter of The Times believed it could appeal to older listeners.[78] Biographer Chris Nickson considered the composition, which he regarded as one of Carey's best, reminiscent of "Groovin'" (1967) by the Young Rascals.[12] In Newsday, Wayne Robbins opined that the electric-organ riffs contrasted effectively with the synthesizers,[34] whereas Kim Willis of the Clarion-Ledger felt that the organ stood out from the other instruments.[79] Nominated for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 36th Annual Grammy Awards, it lost to Whitney Houston's "I Will Always Love You".[80][81]

Music critics gave "Dreamlover" (Def Club Mix) positive reviews. Joannou wrote in Rolling Stone that it redefined the concept of a dance remix and foreshadowed the trajectory of Carey's career that began with "Honey" (1997).[35] Chan believed that "Dreamlover" (Def Club Mix) established Morales as someone who could "bring out a hint of the surreal" in Carey.[82] Breihan said that it displayed that she could have been an "absolute monster of a house diva".[8] It placed second on Slant Magazine's list of Carey's best remixes.[39]

Commercial performance

[edit]

After only a partial week of airplay, "Dreamlover" entered the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart dated August 7, 1993, at number 40.[83][84] It was the week's highest debut and Carey's fourth single to debut in the top 40.[83][85] The following week, the single registered the chart's largest increase, rising to number thirteen.[86] In its sixth week on the Hot 100, "Dreamlover" became Carey's seventh US number-one single after replacing UB40's "Can't Help Falling in Love" on the chart dated September 11, 1993. Billboard predicted that it would have a lengthy run atop the Hot 100 because none of the other top-ten songs considered potential challengers had comparable airplay.[87][88] The song spent eight consecutive weeks at number one on the chart and was displaced by Meat Loaf's "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)".[89] "Dreamlover" remained on the Hot 100 for twenty-nine weeks and is Carey's seventh best-performing song on the chart as of 2018.[90][91] The song ranked eighth on the year-end Hot 100 chart of 1993.[92]

"Dreamlover" experienced crossover success across multiple radio formats in the United States. It topped the contemporary hit radio charts published by Billboard, the Gavin Report, and Radio & Records; the urban contemporary charts issued by the Gavin Report and Radio & Records; and the adult contemporary chart distributed by Radio & Records.[g] The single broke the record for the most airplay in a single week, surpassing Whitney Houston's "I Will Always Love You" (1992). It reached an estimated audience of 89 million at its weekly peak in late September 1993, as measured by Billboard's Broadcast Data Systems. "Dreamlover" held the record for three years until it was surpassed by Donna Lewis's "I Love You Always Forever" in 1996.[99][100] It became Carey's first song to be awarded a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America, which denotes one million certified units.[101][102] One of her best-selling physical singles, "Dreamlover" has sold over 935,000 units domestically as of 2014.[103]

In Canada, "Dreamlover" topped both the airplay-based RPM singles chart and the sales-based singles chart published by The Record.[104][105] The single also reached number one on The Record's contemporary hit radio chart,[104] and number two and six on RPM's adult contemporary and dance/urban radio charts, respectively.[106][107] In Oceania, it peaked at numbers two and seven on the respective singles charts of New Zealand and Australia.[108][109] The Australian Recording Industry Association awarded "Dreamlover" a six-times platinum certification,[110] and the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand and Music Canada both certified it gold.[111][112] In Europe, the song reached number two in Portugal;[113] numbers eight and nine on the Netherlands' Top 40 all-format chart and its Top 100 physical singles chart, respectively;[114][115] and number nine in the United Kingdom, where it became one of Carey's best-selling singles.[116][117] It also charted in Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania, Sweden, and Switzerland.[h]

Music video and live performances

[edit]

Diane Martel directed the music video for "Dreamlover", the first of multiple collaborations between her and Carey. It depicts Carey swimming in a pool by a waterfall with her dog Jack, lying in a field of wildflowers, and singing in front of a group of hip-hop dancers and from a hot air balloon.[8][122] Chan described her outfit in the video as evoking a girl-next-door persona; she wears a black-and-white flannel shirt tied above her midriff.[82] The video received heavy rotation on several music video channels in the United States.[12][123] As measured by Broadcast Data Systems, it topped the weekly airplay charts published by the television channels VH1[124] and BET[125] and reached the top ten on MTV.[126] Critics embraced the video's lighthearted nature and felt it reflected the song's bliss.[i]

Carey performed "Dreamlover" on several occasions.[j] In 1993, she promoted it through The Arsenio Hall Show; Rolling Stone writers felt that the performance was an example of her voice resonating more when conveying infatuation.[127] That same year, she performed "Dreamlover"—alongside other songs from Music Box and some of her older songs—at New York's Proctor's Theatre in July 1993, captured in the one-hour television special Here Is Mariah Carey.[128][129] Carey promoted the song to a British audience through Top of the Pops in August 1993.[130] In October 1995, she performed "Dreamlover" during a concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City.[131][132] It was included on her video album Fantasy: Mariah Carey at Madison Square Garden in 1996.[133] In December 1999, she filmed The Mariah Carey Homecoming Special at her former high school in Huntington, New York, to promote her album Rainbow; the special included a performance of "Dreamlover".[134]

"Dreamlover" became a staple of Carey's concert tours; she debuted it in 1993 during the Music Box Tour.[135] She also performed it during the Daydream World Tour in 1996;[136] her performance of the song at the Tokyo Dome is included on her compilation album The Rarities (2020).[137] She continued to sing "Dreamlover" on most of her following world tours, including the Butterfly World Tour (1998),[138] Rainbow World Tour (2000),[139] Charmbracelet World Tour (2003–2004),[140] Adventures of Mimi (2006),[141] and Caution World Tour (2019).[142] Carey has performed the song for two of her concert residencies in Las Vegas, #1 to Infinity (2015–2017) and the Celebration of Mimi (2024–2025).[143][144]

Track listing and formats

[edit]

Credits and personnel

[edit]

Credits adapted from the Music Box liner notes[150]

Locations

Personnel

Charts

[edit]

Certifications and sales

[edit]
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[110] 6× Platinum 420,000‡
Canada (Music Canada)[112] Gold 40,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[111] Gold 15,000‡
United Kingdom — 150,000[k]
United States (RIAA)[101] Platinum 935,000[l]

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

[edit]
Release dates and formats for "Dreamlover"
Region Date Format(s) Label(s) Ref.
United States July 27, 1993
  • 7-inch vinyl
  • cassette
  • CD
 Columbia [41][43]
August 2, 1993 Radio airplay [45]
Australia August 9, 1993 [197]
United Kingdom
[198]
Japan August 21, 1993 Mini CD Sony Music Japan [199]
Canada September 21, 1993 Maxi CD Columbia [200]
Various August 7, 2020 EP
[201]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Attributed to Cliff Joannou of Rolling Stone,[35] Tom Breihan of Stereogum,[8] Tim Chan in Why Mariah Carey Matters (2023),[38] and Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine.[39]
  2. ↑ Attributed to Rick de Yampert of The Daytona Beach News-Journal[59] and Andrew Hampp of Billboard[13]
  3. ↑ Attributed to People,[60] Roger Catlin of the Hartford Courant,[26] Steve Fordan of The Florida Times-Union,[61] and Karla Price of the Springfield News-Leader[62]
  4. ↑ Attributed to Rick de Yampert of The Daytona Beach News-Journal,[59] People,[60] Roger Catlin of the Hartford Courant,[26] and Karla Price of the Springfield News-Leader[62]
  5. ↑ Attributed to Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine,[69] David Browne of Entertainment Weekly,[30] and Mike Duffy of New York Daily News[70]
  6. ↑ Attributed to Lynn Saxberg,[75] Mike Joyce of The Washington Post,[76] PC Muñoz of PopMatters,[17] and Andrew Hampp of Billboard[13]
  7. ↑ Cited to multiple sources:[93][94][95][96][97][98]
  8. ↑ Cited to multiple sources:[118][119][120][121]
  9. ↑ Attributed to Tom Breihan of Stereogum,[8] Andrew Chan in Why Mariah Carey Matters,[82] and Chris Nickson in Mariah Carey Revisited: Her Story[12]
  10. ↑ This is not a complete list of her performances, only those reported by reliable sources; others may be included in List of Mariah Carey live performances § Televised performances.
  11. ↑ UK sales as of c. 2010–2011[117]
  12. ↑ US sales as of February 2014[103]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Nickson 1998, pp. 57–58.
  2. ↑ Nickson 1998, pp. 27–28, 53.
  3. ↑ Nickson 1998, pp. 82–83, 89.
  4. 1 2 Shapiro 2001, p. 72.
  5. ↑ Shapiro 2001, p. 72–75; Nickson 1998, p. 89.
  6. ↑ Nickson 1998, pp. 98–99.
  7. 1 2 3 Bronson 2003, p. 820.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Breihan, Tom (October 26, 2025). "The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's 'Dreamlover'". Stereogum. Retrieved August 24, 2026.
  9. ↑ Nickson 1998, p. 100; Bronson 2003, p. 820.
  10. ↑ Nickson 1998, p. 100.
  11. ↑ Joannou, Cliff (July 27, 2023). "How Mariah Carey's 'Dreamlover' Changed Dance Remixes". Rolling Stone.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nickson 1998, p. 107.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Hampp, Andrew (August 31, 2013). "Mariah Carey's Music Box at 20: Classic Track-By-Track Review". Billboard. Retrieved August 26, 2026.
  14. ↑ "Music Box (Sony)". Arizona Daily Sun. November 27, 1993. p. 27 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ O'Brien, Jon (December 9, 2025). "Album By Album – Mariah Carey". Classic Pop.
  16. 1 2 3 Edwards, Rod (July 30, 1993). "New Releases". Gavin Report. pp. 47, 63.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Muñoz, PC (September 28, 2009). "Verse-Chorus-Verse: Mariah Carey – 'Dreamlover'". PopMatters. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.
  18. 1 2 Gabbara, Princess (August 31, 2018). "All the Tracks on Mariah Carey's Music Box, Ranked". Billboard.
  19. 1 2 Chan 2023, p. 38.
  20. 1 2 Dreamlover (Cassette single). Columbia Records. 1993. 659808 8.
  21. ↑ Saunders, Michael (October 8, 1993). "Gearing Up". Boston Globe. p. 68. ProQuest 294808311.
  22. ↑ Randall, Neil (November 4, 1993). "Mariah Carey Could Use Some Inspiration". Waterloo Region Record. p. 43 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ↑ "Music Box". The Patriot Ledger. September 11, 1993. p. 28 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. 1 2 3 Hal Leonard 2007, pp. 42–48.
  25. 1 2 Music Box (CD liner notes). Columbia Records. 1993. CK 53205.
  26. 1 2 3 Catlin, Roger (September 2, 1993). "Garth at His Best; Formulaic Mariah; Harry Survives". Hartford Courant. p. 62.
  27. ↑ Eddy, Chuck (September 7, 1993). "Bird on a Wire". The Village Voice. p. 73. ProQuest 232145568.
  28. ↑ Jones, Alan (August 14, 1993). "Market Preview: Mainstream – Singles – Pick of the Week" (PDF). Music Week. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  29. ↑ Flick, Larry (August 7, 1993). "Single Reviews" (PDF). Billboard. p. 53. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Browne, David (July 20, 2001). "Music Review – Music Box". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 21, 2009. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
  31. ↑ Augusto, Troy J. (August 14, 1993). "Pop Singles: Reviews – Pick Of The Week" (PDF). Cash Box. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  32. 1 2 "With First-Ever Tour, Mariah Carey Takes Wraps Off Her Music". The Morning Call. November 28, 1993. Retrieved April 19, 2026.
  33. ↑ Shapiro 2001, p. 78.
  34. 1 2 Robbins, Wayne (August 29, 1993). "A Crafted Music Box". Newsday. p. 94 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Joannou, Cliff (July 27, 2023). "How Mariah Carey's 'Dreamlover' Changed Dance Remixes". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 28, 2026.
  36. 1 2 Dreamlover (CD maxi-single). Columbia Records. 1993. 659444 9.
  37. 1 2 Dreamlover (12-inch vinyl single). Columbia Records. 1993. 659444 8.
  38. 1 2 3 Chan 2023, p. 40.
  39. 1 2 Cinquemani, Sal; Henderson, Eric (May 24, 2024). "Mariah Carey's 10 Greatest Remixes". Slant Magazine.
  40. ↑ Sanneh, Kelefa (October 20, 2003). "Critic's Choice/New CD's; Disco, Alive and Dancing". The New York Times. Retrieved August 28, 2026.
  41. 1 2 "#1's – Mariah Carey – 'Dreamlover'". Sony Music. Archived from the original on January 22, 2001.
  42. ↑ Campbell, Chuck (September 8, 1993). "Mariah Carey Triumphs with Music Box". The Knoxville News-Sentinel. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. 1 2 "Hot 100 Singles". Billboard. August 7, 1993. p. 74. ProQuest 1505958410.
  44. ↑ Powell, Jon (September 10, 2021). "17 Mariah Carey Deep Cuts That Deserve the Spotlight". Revolt.
  45. 1 2 Flick, Larry (August 7, 1993). "Garth, Mariah Lead Parade of Aug.. Releases". Billboard. p. 9. ProQuest 1505957559.
  46. ↑ "Hot 100 Singles". Billboard. August 21, 1994. p. 78. ProQuest 227019714.
  47. ↑ Mariah Carey (1993). Dreamlover (CD liner notes). United States: Columbia Records. 44K 77079.
  48. ↑ Dreamlover (CD liner notes). Japan: Sony Music Entertainment Japan. 1993. SRDS 8264.
  49. 1 2 Dreamlover (CD single). Columbia Records. 1993. 659444 5.
  50. 1 2 Dreamlover (CD maxi-single). Columbia Records. 1993. COL 659444 2.
  51. ↑ Shapiro 2001, p. 154
  52. ↑ Greatest Hits (CD liner notes). Columbia Records. 2001. C2K 85960.
  53. ↑ Hampp, Andrew (April 13, 2015). "Mariah Carey Announces Release Date, Tracklist for #1 To Infinity". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 12, 2022.
  54. ↑ Dreamlover EP (CD liner notes). Columbia Records. August 7, 2020.
  55. ↑ Shaffer, Claire (August 19, 2020). "Mariah Carey Announces The Rarities Collection of B-Sides, Unreleased Tracks". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 16, 2023.
  56. ↑ Promis, Jose F. ""Dreamlover" Review". AllMusic. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  57. ↑ "Single Select". Too. Sunday Sun. August 29, 1993. p. 16. Retrieved October 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  58. ↑ Smith, Troy L. (October 21, 2020). "Every No. 1 song of the 1990s ranked from worst to best". The Plain Dealer.
  59. 1 2 de Yampert, Rick (October 8, 1993). "Sweet Voice Can't Carey's New Album". The Daytona Beach News-Journal. p. 44 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. 1 2 "Picks and Pans Review: Music Box". People. October 4, 1993. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  61. ↑ Fordan, Steve (September 15, 1993). "Recording Review: Mariah Carey Music Box". The Florida Times-Union. p. 46 – via Newspapers.com.
  62. 1 2 Price, Karla (September 24, 1993). "Carey's Strengths Overqualified for Sophomoric Lyrics". Springfield News-Leader. p. 34 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ↑ Petridis, Alexis (December 3, 2020). "Mariah Carey's 30 Greatest Singles – Ranked!". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 27, 2024.
  64. ↑ Smith, Troy L. (August 23, 2020). "All 76 Mariah Carey Singles Ranked". Cleveland.com. Archived from the original on October 27, 2022.
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Sources

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