Draft:Shidrukh
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Shidrukh Amirkia-Baqa (Bagha) | |
|---|---|
| شیدرخ امیرکیا بقا | |
 | |
| Born | Shidrukh Amirkia October 8, 1935 Tehran, Iran |
| Died | January 4, 1982 (aged 46) Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran |
Resting place | Khavaran cemetery, Tehran, Iran |
| Occupations | Television presenter, chef, culinary instructor |
| Spouse | Manúchihr Baqá |
| Children | Manousheed, Mojan, Merat |
Shidrukh Amirkia-Baqa شیدرخ امیرکیا بقا; (October 8, 1935 – January 4, 1982) also romanized as Shidrokh Amirkia Bagha or Shidrukh Amir Kiya' Baqa, was an Iranian member of the Bahá'í Faith, television presenter, chef and culinary instructor. She was active in the Bahá'í community in Iran and was arrested in November 1981 after members of the Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Tehran met at her home. She was executed at Evin Prison in January 1982 during the persecution of Bahá'ís in Iran.[1][2]
Accounts of her life and death have been preserved in press articles[3], Bahá'í historical publications and in human-rights documentation. The Abdorrahman Boroumand Center records information about her life and execution.[1]
Early life and education
[edit]Shidrukh was born in Tehran on 8 October 1935, the eldest daughter of Rúhu'lláh Mítháqíyán (Misaghian) and Ruḥáníyyih Iqrárí (Eghrari). She had three sisters and one brother and grew up in a Bahá'í family with a longstanding connection to the Faith. Her paternal and maternal grandfathers were both associated with the early Bahá'í community in Kashan.[2]
From an early age, Shidrukh was deeply attached to the Bahá'í Faith and its institutions. She was fond of music and took piano lessons at school. She had a singing voice and became the first person in Iran to record a Bahá’í prayer with her own piano accompaniment. The recording was approved by the Hands of the Cause and was played at Bahá'í conferences and large gatherings in Iran.[2]
She was proficient in English and had a broad knowledge of the arts including music, decorating, and culinary arts.[2]
Personal life and career
[edit]At the age of sixteen, Shidrukh married Manúchihr Baqá (Manouchehr Bagha). They had one daughter and two sons.[2]
Alongside raising her family, Shidrukh pursued interests in music, the arts, community service, and culinary education. She worked as a chef at company cafeterias and at a high-end delicatessen. For a time, she appeared on Iran's national television network demonstrating cooking and other domestic courses.[2]
Bahá'í community service
[edit]Shidrukh was an active participant in the Bahá'í community and its institutions. Following her pilgrimage to the Holy Land, she became even more active in her faith and, over the years, attended international Bahá'í conferences including the First Bahá'í World Congress in London; plus conferences in Palermo, Sicily; Anchorage, Alaska; Paris; and Bahia, Brazil.[2]
After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, persecution of the Bahá'í community intensified. Shidrukh had been in the United States for her daughter's wedding and was urged by her children and family not to return to Iran because of the danger facing active Bahá'ís. According to accounts cited by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center and The Bahá'í World, she returned to Iran despite warnings from family members, saying that she felt she was needed there.[2][1]
She subsequently served the Bahá'í community in Tehran, including organizing Nineteen Day Feasts and offering assistance to the families of detained or executed Baháʼís. After authorities seized several Baháʼí institutional buildings and meeting halls, she frequently made her private residence available for meetings of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Tehran. Her home became a place where members of the community could gather despite increasing restrictions and persecution of Bahá'ís.[2][4]
Arrest and execution
[edit]On 2 November 1981, members of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Tehran were meeting at Shidrukh's home when revolutionary guards raided the residence. Shidrukh, her husband, and six members of the Assembly — Kourosh Talaie, Khosrow Mohandesi, Eskandar Azizi, Fathollah Ferdowsi, Ataollah Yavari, and Shiva Mahmoudi Asadollah-Zadeh — were arrested. Her husband was later released, while Shidrukh and the six Assembly members remained in custody.[1][4]
According to the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center, Shidrukh, her husband and the members of the Spiritual Assembly were subsequently transferred to Evin Prison, where they were held for 52 days. Her husband was released in December 1981 after signing a document, with the understanding that Shidrukh would also be released. Shidrukh, however, remained in custody. During her imprisonment, she was reportedly subjected to physical abuse and pressure to renounce her Bahá'í Faith in exchange for her release.[1]
On 2 January 1982, the seven detainees were tried before an Islamic Revolutionary Court presided over by Sharia judge Hojjatoleslam Mohammad Fahim Kermani. They were denied legal representation and tried on vaguely defined offenses, including espionage and apostasy. After refusing an offer of sentence reduction in exchange for repudiating the National Spiritual Assembly, all seven were sentenced to death and confiscation of property.[1]
At dawn on 4 January 1982, the executions were carried out at Evin Prison. While the five male prisoners were executed by firing squad in the prison courtyard, Shidrukh and Shiva Mahmoudi Asadollah-Zadeh were shot in the prison basement.[1]
On 7 January 1982, the Universal House of Justice informed National Spiritual Assemblies of the executions. Its message identified Shidrukh as the "hostess" in whose home the arrests had taken place and stated that the seven had been secretly executed on 4 January.[5]
The Iranian authorities did not initially announce the executions, but the head of the Tehran Revolutionary Courts, Mohammadi Gilani, confirmed them during a press conference on 20 January 1982.[1]
Burial and legacy
[edit]Following her execution, Shidrukh was secretly buried at Khavaran Cemetery near Tehran. The cemetery became associated with the burial of members of religious minorities and political dissidents who had been executed by the Islamic Republic. According to the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center, the Bahá'í section of the cemetery was subsequently destroyed in 2009.[1][6]
Shidrukh's life has also been commemorated through educational initiatives outside Iran. The Badi Foundation, established in Macau in 1990, was created through an initial endowment honoring Badi'u'llah Farid and Shidrokh Amirkia Bagha. The Foundation describes the two as examples of dedication, service and self-sacrifice for the well-being of humanity.[7]
A 2020 scholarly study in the journal Religions, based on ethnographic research into the Bahá'í community in Macau, likewise identifies Badi'u'llah Farid and Shidrokh Amirkia Bagha as the two Bahá'ís commemorated through the Badi Foundation and its initial endowment. The study also discusses the Foundation's association with the School of the Nations and its educational and community activities in Macau.[8]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Shidrokh Amirkia Baqa: One Person's Story". Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Shídrukh Amír-Kíyá Baqá". The Bahá'í World. Vol. 18. Haifa: Universal House of Justice. 1986. pp. 784–787.
- ↑ Hayes, Thomas C. (14 January 1982). "2,500 in Los Angeles Mourn Deaths in Iran of 15 Bahais". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- 1 2 "From arrest to execution of the members of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Tehran". Archives of Bahá'í Persecution in Iran. Bahá'í International Community. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ "Secret Execution of Six Members of Tehran Assembly and Hostess" (PDF). The Universal House of Justice. 7 January 1982. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ "Stop Persecuting the Baha'is of Iran: A Personal Plea". Iran Press Watch. 23 August 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ "History". Badi Foundation. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
- ↑ Jing, Yanchun; Zhu, Jiangang; Han, Yongjing (4 December 2020). "Secularity and Transformation of the Faith-Based Community: Ethnography of the Religious Charity of Baha'i in Macau". Religions. 11 (12) 652. doi:10.3390/rel11120652.
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