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Draft:Rash Bihari Ghosh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rash B. Ghosh
রাসবিহারী ঘোষ
Born
Rash Bihari Ghosh

1944 or 1945
Osmanpur, Bajitpur, Bengal, British India (now Kishoreganj District, Bangladesh)
Other namesRashbihari Ghosh; R. B. Ghose
EducationUniversity of Salford (PhD)
OccupationsEnvironmental scientist, nonprofit executive, activist
Organization(s)International Institute of Bengal and Himalayan Basins
Known forSurvey of the invertebrates of the Mersey Estuary; Hydrogrameen proposal
Websiteiibhb.org

Rash Bihari Ghosh (Bengali: রাসবিহারী ঘোষ; born 1944 or 1945),[1] known professionally as Rash B. Ghosh, is a Bangladeshi-American environmental scientist and activist. His 1979 doctoral survey of the invertebrates of the Mersey Estuary is cited in later British conservation reviews as part of the historical record of the estuary. In California he worked for the state on hazardous waste and founded the Berkeley-based International Institute of Bengal and Himalayan Basins (IIBHB), a nonprofit concerned with arsenic contamination of groundwater and water management in the Bengal Basin. He is the originator of "Hydrogrameen", a proposal that combines aquifer recharge with cooperative village settlements.

Ghosh was active in the Bangladesh Teachers' Association during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. He was an associate of the physicist Charles H. Townes. A long dispute with the City of Berkeley over the institute's premises led to the sale of the property by a court-appointed receiver in 2012. He was a candidate in the 2018 United States Senate election in California and has since campaigned in Bangladesh against the pollution of the Buriganga River.

Early life and education

[edit]

Ghosh was born in 1944 or 1945[1] in the village of Osmanpur in Bajitpur, Kishoreganj, to Rajani Kanta Ghosh and Sushila Ghosh. He went to school in Bajitpur, completed his higher-secondary studies at Jagannath College (now Jagannath University) in Dhaka, and took undergraduate and graduate degrees at the University of Dhaka. He taught chemistry and, at the age of 24, wrote a chemistry textbook in Bengali.[2] He was an assistant professor at Jagannath College.[3] Before he went abroad to study, he gave the land that he had inherited to the people who lived on it.[4]

Bangladesh Liberation War

[edit]

During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, Ghosh was active in the Bangladesh Teachers' Association, which had its wartime office in Calcutta. In his memoir Amar Ekattor, the scholar Anisuzzaman names Rashbihari Ghosh, together with Nityagopal Saha and Sukumar Biswas, among those who regularly came to that office.[5] Ghosh was elected joint secretary of the association[2] and served as its acting secretary in 1971.[6]

Ghosh was also a signatory of a 1971 appeal to U.S. senator Edward Kennedy from Bangladeshi intellectuals, teachers, film artists and sportspeople. The appeal asked for a change in United States policy, for recognition of Bangladesh, and for the protection and release of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. It is reproduced in the fourth volume of Bangladesher Swadhinata Yuddha Dalilpatra, the collected documents of the war.[7]

Research on the Mersey estuary

[edit]

Ghosh did his doctoral research at the University of Salford in England. The university library catalogs his thesis, An ecological investigation of the invertebrates of the Mersey estuary, as a 1979 PhD thesis in biology.[8] His supervisor was William Kershaw.[9] Ghosh examined 10 sites in the outer and inner estuary and recorded 135 invertebrate species. He reported that invertebrates live only where the intertidal flats have a suitable substrate, and that the meandering low-water channel continually erodes and re-forms these habitats.[10]

The Joint Nature Conservation Committee's Marine Nature Conservation Review (1998) places the thesis among the postgraduate studies that resumed research on the Mersey in the 1970s. It summarizes his findings: a relatively diverse fauna in the outer estuary, a low diversity of species in the Mersey narrows and on the mobile sandflats of the middle estuary, and upper-estuary sites dominated by oligochaetes. In a comparison with a 1938 survey, he found that 18 species had apparently been lost and two gained, and he attributed the impoverished fauna of the upper estuary to pollution. The review notes that the apparent decline "may be an artefact" of the lower number of sampling stations in his study. It also records that a 1988 survey agreed with his findings that the amphipod Corophium volutator was absent from the inner estuary and that the snail Hydrobia ulvae there was "about to be eliminated".[11]

A 2020 review of the ecological recovery of the Mersey in Marine Pollution Bulletin cited his survey together with other historical surveys, and noted the difficulty of comparing studies that differ in methods, locations and taxonomic expertise.[12] Ghosh also wrote the chapter "The littoral macro-invertebrates" in The Ecology of the Mersey Estuary (1980), a University of Salford report for the North West Water Authority. British scientific literature cites his work on the Mersey under the spelling "R. B. Ghose".[11]

Career in California

[edit]

Ghosh lectured in water science and technology at Salford and was later a scientist at Stanford University, where he did research for NASA on canopy chemistry, climate and nutrient cycling.[3] In 1983 and about 1984 he wrote a technical proposal and a literature review on the monitoring of aquatic habitat and water quality in South San Francisco Bay.[13]

On November 19, 1986, Ghosh was appointed an associate hazardous waste specialist in the California Department of Health Services.[14] He worked for the department and for the California Environmental Protection Agency on groundwater mitigation, Superfund sites and risk assessment,[3][15] and left state employment in 2000.[2] After a dispute during his probation in 1987, he was demoted under a settlement. He later alleged retaliation and discrimination. The California Public Employment Relations Board dismissed his charge as untimely in 1989,[14] and in 1995 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that the settlement covered his federal discrimination claims.[16]

International Institute of Bengal and Himalayan Basins

[edit]

Ghosh's nonprofit work began under the name GRA International, which organized symposia in India and Bangladesh on toxic chemicals in the Bengal Basin from 1999.[17] By 2001 the organization used the name International Institute of Bengal Basin (IIBB), with Ghosh as chairman.[18] IIBB received its federal tax exemption in March 2005,[19] and by 2010 it used the expanded name International Institute of the Bengal and Himalayan Basins.[4] For 2024 it reported revenue of $39,600, net assets of $12,659 and no compensation for Ghosh as its director.[19]

Ghosh founded the institute with the Nobel laureates Glenn T. Seaborg and Charles H. Townes as cofounders.[9][20] Its mission is watershed management and the remediation of contaminated water in California and on the Indian subcontinent.[9] The idea of the institute began with the chemist Linus Pauling while Ghosh was at Stanford, and Pauling later spoke to Seaborg about Ghosh's wish to establish it.[20]

Townes was a long-time supporter of the institute.[15] He gave the keynote address at its 2002 convention in Berkeley,[20] and his papers at the Library of Congress include three folders of material on Ghosh from 2000 to 2014.[21] Ghosh has held the title Charles Townes Professor of Water Chemistry since 2007.[3][2]

The institute has held an annual "Townes and Tagore" seminar at the University of California, Berkeley; the Nobel laureates Douglas Osheroff and Randy Schekman were announced as speakers in 2014.[22] Its vice-chairman, the agronomist Aftab uz Zaman of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, organized a symposium on water and arsenic in Dhaka in December 2004,[23] and Centurion University of Technology and Management in Odisha was host to a conference on "Hydro-Gramin technology" with the institute in October 2017.[24]

Arsenic mitigation

[edit]

In April 1999 Ghosh endorsed an arsenic-filtration system that researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology had proposed to the government of Bangladesh. One of its developers had field-tested the system in Bangladesh the previous month at his invitation.[25]

On July 25, 2004, IIBB hosted a seminar in Berkeley at which Sibdas Bandopadhyay of the Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI) in Kolkata presented an arsenic-removal technology that was then in use at four pilot plants in West Bengal. IIBB had invited the CGCRI researchers to Bangladesh to meet officials, was seeking an independent evaluation of the technology by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and was encouraging communities to sponsor treatment plants in villages.[15] The technology was developed at CGCRI: a United States patent granted in 2006 names Bandyopadhyay and four co-inventors.[26]

Education, culture and human rights

[edit]

On June 1, 2002, IIBB held a convention at Berkeley on the rights of minorities in the Bengal Basin, at which Ghosh proposed a secular university in the tradition of Rabindranath Tagore. Ghosh had come into contact with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman through a friend of his father, the independence activist Trailokyanath Chakravarty.[20] By 2005 IIBB had proposed a sister university of Visva-Bharati University at Kishoreganj, near Bajitpur, and Ghosh had approached a former and the serving vice-chancellor of Visva-Bharati and the former president of Bangladesh, A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, about it.[27] In December 2002 IIBB launched the Digital Bangla Project, a campaign to raise $30,000 to make BornoSoft's Bengali word-processing software a free download.[28]

Hydrogrameen

[edit]

Hydrogrameen (also written HydroGramin) is a proposal by Ghosh and his institute that combines water storage and aquifer recharge with a cooperative settlement model. Ghosh developed it over 35 years of work in the Bengal Basin, Great Britain and California, at first under the name "Bengal Basin Working Model";[29] the invention dates from 2012.[6] The name joins the Greek hydro- ("water") and the Bengali gram ("village").[30]

The design is a complex of villages around a central reservoir. The reservoir, of up to 3 square miles (8 km2), is fed by rivers and rain. It lies within embankment dams that have a 26.5-degree slope, a stone cover and an impervious lining, and injection tubes carry its water to the shallow and confined aquifers. A site must be secure against flooding and sea-level rise for 100 years. A "starter village" is the model for additional villages, all of them at least 100 metres (330 ft) from the reservoir. Subsidized housing is for the poor and the landless; unsubsidized housing pays for maintenance and community services, and 20% of the profit from property sales goes to the technical training of villagers. The villages have communal farming and fisheries, and membership requires a commitment to the free public education of all children, girls as well as boys.[30]

The artificial recharge of aquifers through canals, infiltration basins, ponds or injection wells is an established practice, which the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has studied since 1905.[31] A 2022 study of managed aquifer recharge sites in southwestern Bangladesh found that processes below ground mobilized arsenic and manganese into the recovered water.[32] Most of the aquifer compaction that results from historically low groundwater levels is irreversible.[33]

The institute plans a two-year pilot project in the Napa Valley of California.[9] It also prepared a proposal to the Environmental Protection Agency for technical assistance to the owners of private wells, with Ghosh as principal investigator.[34] In 2017 it applied to register HYDROGRAMEEN as a United States trademark; the application was abandoned in 2020 because no statement of use was filed.[35] A 2019 article by Somnath Roy Choudhury in the journal Remarking An Analisation discussed the concept as a strategy for water management.[36]

Berkeley property dispute

[edit]

Ghosh owned a property in Berkeley with two buildings,[37] one of which housed the institute.[38] In 1999 the city found an illegal addition there and, after the addition was not corrected, declared the property a public nuisance. Ghosh's challenges were unsuccessful, and the California Court of Appeal affirmed injunctions against him in 2003 and 2005. In 2007 he agreed with the city on a schedule for the work. The nuisance was not abated, and in February 2011 the superior court appointed a receiver.[37] The property was sold in 2012, and the receiver was discharged in 2015.[39]

Ghosh maintained that the proceedings were discriminatory and that the property was sold below its market value.[38] In April 2012 Townes wrote to the city attorney on his behalf as "a friend and associate of Dr. Rash Ghosh".[40] The courts rejected Ghosh's later challenges: the Court of Appeal in 2013,[37] and a federal district court in 2015.[41] In 2016 the superior court declared him a vexatious litigant, and the Court of Appeal affirmed that order in 2018.[42] The Supreme Court of the United States denied his petitions for review in 2014 and 2019.[43][44][45]

Senate candidacy and later activities

[edit]

Ghosh was a candidate in the June 5, 2018, primary election for the United States Senate seat in California, with no party preference and the ballot designation "Water Scientist/Professor".[46] Friends and neighbors in Berkeley encouraged him to run and collected the signatures.[1] He received 12,557 votes (0.2%) and did not advance to the general election.[47]

In 2020 Ghosh founded Dr. Ghosh Science & Technology at his home in Osmanpur. It gives free training in computing, sewing, English and environmental science to about 250 students each year.[2] On November 11, 2023, he organized a seminar at the National Press Club in Dhaka on the pollution of the Buriganga River and on Hydrogrameen.[48] On January 23, 2026, he led a human chain there that called for cleanup of the river to be included in election manifestos.[49]

Ghosh is chairman of a committee that campaigns for Bajitpur to become a separate district; the campaign's plans include a water research center on the Ghorautra River.[50] He took part in a press conference for the demand at the National Press Club on August 1, 2025.[51]

Selected works

[edit]
  • Ghosh, Rash Bihari (1979). An ecological investigation of the invertebrates of the Mersey estuary (PhD thesis). University of Salford.
  • Ghose, R. B. (1980). "The littoral macro-invertebrates". In Pugh-Thomas, M. (ed.). The Ecology of the Mersey Estuary. Manchester: University of Salford for North West Water Authority. pp. 62–115.
  • Ghosh, Rash B. (1983). Aquatic Habitat and Water Quality Monitoring of the South San Francisco Bay: Technical Proposal (Report).
  • Ghosh, Rash B. (c. 1984). Review of Literature Relevant to Aquatic Habitat and Water Quality Monitoring of the South San Francisco Bay (Report).

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 Diaz, John (April 2018). "California has long and eclectic list of ..." Opinion. San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 5, 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Sarkar, Md Mofidul Islam (February 27, 2025). "বাংলাদেশে জন্ম গ্রহণ করে আমেরিকার সাবেক প্রেসিডেন্টের সাথে যার ভালো সম্পক" [Born in Bangladesh, he has good relations with former presidents of America]. Mukta Kathan News (in Bengali). Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Rash B. Ghosh, PhD". International Institute of Bengal and Himalayan Basins. July 29, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  4. 1 2 "Berkeley Non profit's Commitment to Clean Drinking Water" (PDF). International Institute of Bengal and Himalayan Basins. c. 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  5. ↑ "মিছিলের অগ্রভাগের মানুষ" [The man at the front of the procession]. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). May 2022.
  6. 1 2 "International conference in Dhaka, Bangladesh to promote science, technology and global water crisis: Call for speakers". Bajitpur District. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  7. ↑ "সিনেটর এডওয়ার্ড কেনেডির প্রতি বাংলাদেশের বুদ্ধিজীবী, শিক্ষক, চলচিত্র ও কুশলী, ক্রীড়াবিদদের আবেদন" [Appeal to Senator Edward Kennedy from the intellectuals, teachers, film artists and technicians, and sportspeople of Bangladesh]. Juddho Dolil (in Bengali). January 6, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2026. Bengali translation of document no. 254 in Bangladesher Swadhinata Yuddha Dalilpatra, vol. 4, pp. 591–592.
  8. ↑ Ghosh, Rash Bihari (1979). An ecological investigation of the invertebrates of the Mersey estuary (PhD thesis). University of Salford. Library record 997829100001611, reference D30164/80. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "About Us". International Institute of Bengal and Himalayan Basins. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  10. ↑ "The Mersey Gateway Project Environmental Statement, Chapter 10: Terrestrial and Avian Ecology" (PDF). Halton Borough Council. paras. 10.6.78–10.6.79. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  11. 1 2 Mills, D. J. L. (1998). "Liverpool Bay to the Solway (Rhos-on-Sea to the Mull of Galloway) (MNCR Sector 11)" (PDF). In Hiscock, K. (ed.). Marine Nature Conservation Review. Benthic marine ecosystems of Great Britain and the north-east Atlantic. Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. pp. 315–338. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  12. ↑ Hawkins, S. J.; O'Shaughnessy, K. A.; Adams, L. A.; et al. (July 2020). "Recovery of an urbanised estuary: Clean-up, de-industrialisation and restoration of redundant dock-basins in the Mersey". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 156 111150. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111150.
  13. ↑ "Cadet Hand Library: Smith Collection of Local Reports & Studies" (PDF). Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis. catalog nos. 5436 and 5711. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  14. 1 2 "Rash B. Ghosh v. State of California (Department of Health Services), PERB Decision No. 762-S" (PDF). California Public Employment Relations Board. September 13, 1989. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  15. 1 2 3 Swapan, Ashfaque (August 5, 2004). "New promising technology to battle arsenic poisoning". The Economic Times. India-West. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  16. ↑ Ghosh v. California Department of Health Services, 50 F.3d 14 (9th Cir. 1995). Unpublished memorandum, No. 94-15098, decided March 9, 1995.
  17. ↑ "Conferences – Past & Future". Arsenic Crisis Info Centre. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  18. ↑ "Introduction/History". Ghosh Research Associates International. Archived from the original on May 5, 2001.
  19. 1 2 "International Institute of Bengal Basin". Nonprofit Explorer. ProPublica. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  20. 1 2 3 4 "International Convention on Crimes Against Humanity: Bengal Basin and Beyond: Reaffirming a Humane, Plural Society". Human Rights Congress for Bangladesh Minorities. 2002. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  21. ↑ "Charles H. Townes Papers: A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress" (PDF). Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. 2021. Box 427. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  22. ↑ Ghosh, Rash B. (October 8, 2014). "Townes and Tagore Fifth Annual Seminar, The Global Water Crisis". Indybay. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  23. ↑ "CV of Prof. (Dr) Aftab uz Zaman" (PDF). International Tropical Fruits Network. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  24. ↑ Annual Report 2017–18 (PDF) (Report). Centurion University of Technology and Management. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  25. ↑ "US Institute proposes solution to Bangladesh arsenic contamination". edie. April 23, 1999. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  26. ↑ US patent 7014771, Sibdas Bandyopadhyay, Dipali Kundu, Somendra Nath Roy, Bishnupada Ghosh, Himadri Sekhar Maiti, "Process for preparing water having an arsenic level of less than 10 PPB", issued March 21, 2006, assigned to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
  27. ↑ Eklund, Lars (December 2005). "Resebrev Nr 29, 12–17 december 2005: Kolkata–Shantiniketan–Bhubaneshwar–Patna" [Travel letter no. 29, December 12–17, 2005: Kolkata–Shantiniketan–Bhubaneshwar–Patna] (PDF) (in Swedish and English). Swedish South Asian Studies Network. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  28. ↑ "Free Bengali software on anvil". The Times of India. India-West. December 20, 2002. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  29. ↑ "The HydroGrameen Model (Formerly known as Bengal Basin Working Model)". International Institute of Bengal and Himalayan Basins. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  30. 1 2 Paulin, John (April 9, 2015). "The HydroGramin" (PDF) (Brochure). International Institute of Bengal and Himalayan Basins. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  31. ↑ "Artificial Groundwater Recharge". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  32. ↑ Rafiq, Muhammad Risalat; Ahmed, Kazi Matin; Rietveld, Louis C.; van Breukelen, Boris M. (2022). "Monitoring and inverse modelling of hydrogeochemical processes during managed aquifer recharge in Southwestern Bangladesh". Applied Geochemistry. 146 105472. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105472. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  33. ↑ "Aquifer Compaction due to Groundwater Pumping". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  34. ↑ "Project Narrative: Technical Training to Develop a National Model for Privately Owned Wells to Improve Water Quality Using Research Conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area" (PDF). International Institute of Bengal Basin. c. 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  35. ↑ "HYDROGRAMEEN, U.S. Serial No. 87734963". Trademark Status & Document Retrieval. United States Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  36. ↑ Choudhury, Somnath Roy (May 2019). "Hydrogrameen Strategy Management is a new Success Mantra for Save Earth from Future Water Crisis – A Road Map Micro Study in Indian Data" (PDF). Remarking An Analisation. 4 (2 (Part 1)): E-80 – E-82. ISSN 2394-0344. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  37. 1 2 3 "Ghosh v. City of Berkeley, No. A133425 (unpublished opinion)". California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division One. December 31, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2026 – via CourtListener.
  38. 1 2 Ghosh, Rash B. (November 27, 2018). "Petition for a Writ of Certiorari, Ghosh v. City of Berkeley, No. 18-7369" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  39. ↑ "Opinion of the California Court of Appeal in the Berkeley receivership litigation". CaseMine. 2018. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021.
  40. ↑ Townes, Charles H. (April 26, 2012). "Letter to Zach Cowan, Berkeley City Attorney" (PDF). International Institute of Bengal and Himalayan Basins. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2013.
  41. ↑ "Ghosh v. City of Berkeley, No. 3:14-cv-02922, Order Granting Deferred Portion of City Defendants' Motion to Dismiss" (PDF). United States District Court for the Northern District of California. June 3, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2026 – via CourtListener.
  42. ↑ "City of Berkeley v. Ghosh, No. A149098 (unpublished opinion)" (PDF). California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Five. June 7, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  43. ↑ "Docket for No. 13-613, Rash B. Ghosh v. City of Berkeley, California". Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  44. ↑ "Docket for No. 18-6813, Rash B. Ghosh v. City of Berkeley, California". Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  45. ↑ "Docket for No. 18-7369, Rash B. Ghosh v. City of Berkeley, California, et al". Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  46. ↑ "Official Certified List of Candidates: Statewide Direct Primary Election, June 5, 2018" (PDF). California Secretary of State. March 29, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  47. ↑ "Statement of Vote: Statewide Direct Primary Election, June 5, 2018" (PDF). California Secretary of State. p. 17. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  48. ↑ "Can Hydro Grameen technologies save Buriganga from unfettered pollution?". United News of Bangladesh. November 11, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  49. ↑ "বুড়িগঙ্গা দূষণ রোধে সচেতনতা বৃদ্ধিসহ নির্বাচনী ইশতেহারে রাখার আহ্বান ড. রাসের" [Dr. Rash calls for more awareness to stop Buriganga pollution and for its inclusion in election manifestos]. BD24Live (in Bengali). January 23, 2026. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  50. ↑ "Bajitpur District". Bajitpur District. Retrieved October 3, 2026.
  51. ↑ "বাজিতপুরকে জেলা ঘোষণার দাবি" [Demand for the declaration of Bajitpur as a district]. Samakal (in Bengali). August 2025.
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