Draft:Industrial eclecticism
 | This article may incorporate text from a large language model, which is prohibited in Wikipedia articles. (September 2026) |
.jpg)
_8.jpg)
Industrial eclecticism,[1] elsewhere industrial historicism,[2] raw brick romanticism[3] is an architectural style present in Industrial architecture from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century (c. 1860/1870s—c.1910s), and in a certain sense a trend of historicism.
Characteristics
[edit]The early works of large-scale industrial architecture, which existed since the Industrial Revolution, were characterized by plastered, sometimes raw stone or mixed masonry forms, which were characteristic of the first half of the 19th century. In the case of the earliest factories − similarly to public buildings − contemporary classicist and possibly late baroque architectural patterns dominated.[4][5]
In the second half of the century, with the appearance of iron and reinforced concrete structures, a new style began to emerge. This was in connection with the requirements of the development of large-scale industry:
- “Modern large-scale industry was established in the 19th century. At that time, the characteristic factory building was formed, the image of which includes a factory chimney. The chimney was needed for the boiler, since by then steam engines were already driving the processing machines. Another characteristic of the factory building was the large window and the sawtooth profile “shed roof”, where the vertical surface was glazed so that the middle of the hall was also bright. The interior of the buildings was also transformed. With the increase in production and the development of trade, larger halls were created from smaller workshops. In the halls, the walls would have obstructed the overview of the work, so the weight of the roof structure was carried by columns. It would have been difficult to use stone columns or brick vaults for the rapidly changing needs, so wooden or iron column-beam structures were built to create a continuous space.”[6]
The new industrial architecture is In addition to the former, the influence of the Romantic style, and later the Eclectic style, present in other branches of architecture, was also observable.[7] As a result of the early timber-framed brick-filled industrial buildings, raw brick surfaces became widespread for economic reasons. The new style existed from the 1860s and 1870s,[3] and coexisted with “normal” Eclectic architecture for decades. Its prototype can be found in the brick Gothic architecture of North Germany.[8]
The characteristic of industrial eclecticism − compared to other styles − is simplification,[9][10] however, this is not to be understood in its current form: industrial buildings also contain a certain amount of decoration, historical forms (cornices, arches, niches, attics, roof superstructures resembling bastions, rarely decorative elements of building ceramics and shaped bricks).[8] Other characteristics sometimes include: segmental arch windows, lesenes (wall strips), simple sections, varied roof shapes (high or flat roof, with skylights as needed).[10]
At the same time, great emphasis is placed on the structural emphasis that later characterized modern architecture (the emphasis on supporting-supported structures, bridging, the appearance of the slab line as a dividing cornice on the external facade).[8]
The industrial eclectic style was popularly used in narrower industrial architecture, such as railway stations and depots, but larger public buildings with raw brick cladding were also built (e.g. [Gothic] churches, hospitals, schools).
Afterlife
[edit]The style was present in architecture until the beginning of the 20th century, when it began to give way to the industrial Art Nouveau style.[11] At the same time, a mixture of the two industrial styles also existed, which can be called the historicizing-Art Nouveau industrial style.[12] Only after this, in the 1920s, did completely unadorned factory buildings in the modern sense spread.
At the end of the 20th century, there was a demand to demolish old (not only industrial eclectic) factory buildings in order to save them. Many factories restored in this way and converted into residential buildings were escaped destruction. The style of buildings that survived in this way is usually called the loft style[13] or industrial style.[14][15]
References
[edit]- ↑ "eladó magtár | Tóth Rita Prémium Ingatlanközvetítés Győr". October 3, 2020.
- ↑ Fekete, Bécsi (March 2, 2019). "Jó tudni, hogy mi folyik a csapból a bécsi otthonokban - Bécsi fekete".
- 1 2 Császár, i. m., 35. o.
- ↑ "Az óbudai Selyemgombolyító". Fővárosi Blog (in Hungarian). 2020-01-24. Retrieved 2026-02-27.
- ↑ "Budapest – egykori Valero selyemgyár".
- ↑ Gaul Emil. "Épületek, építészek" [Buildings, architects]. corvina.mome.hu (in Hungarian).
- ↑ MARTIN PILSITZ. "FELVETÉSEK A BUDAPESTI TÖRTÉNETI - GYÁRÉPÜLETEK HOMLOKZATI KIALAKÍTÁSÁVAL - KAPCSOLATBAN" (PDF).
- 1 2 3 "Ipari épületek rehabilitációja" [Rehabilitation of industrial buildings]. corvina.mome.hu (in Hungarian).
- ↑ Császár, i. m., 36. o.
- 1 2 "Az ipari épületek második élete és újrahasznosításuk folyamata" [The second life of industrial buildings and the process of their recycling] (PDF). www.ekt.bme.hu (in Hungarian).
- ↑ Szlávik, i. m., 41. o.
- ↑ "Óbudai Gázgyár, Budapest 3". www.muemlekem.hu.
- ↑ "Lakberendezési tippek -". Szép Házak Online.
- ↑ Otthon, DODO | Designban. "Indusztriális stílus, amiben a nyers erő dominál". DODO | Designban Otthon.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Indusztriális gyári luxus - Miért menő a loft stílus?". lakberinfo.hu. May 13, 2019.
Sources
[edit]- Császár László: Korai vas és vasbeton építészetünk, Műszaki Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 1978, ISBN 963-10-2173-4
- Középpontban az ipari stílus
- Kiss László – Kiszely Gyula – Vajda Pál: Magyarország ipari műemlékei, Országos Műszaki Múzeum, Budapest, 1981, ISBN 963-562-750-5
- Holló Szilvia Andrea: A fővárosi "művek", Budapest Főváros Önkormányzata Főpolgármesteri Hivatala, Budapest, 2010, ISBN 978-963-9669-28-4
- Kiss Katalin: Ipari műemlékek, Budapest Főváros Önkormányzata Főpolgármesteri Hivatala, Budapest, 1993, ISBN 963-8376-16-3
- Gera Mihály: Ipari táj, Budapest Főváros Önkormányzata Főpolgármesteri Hivatala, Budapest, 1998, ISBN 963-8376-82-1
- Szlávik Lajos – Fehér László: 111 vízi emlék Magyarországon, Közlekedési Dokumentációs Kft., Budapest, 2008, ISBN 978-963-552-418-1
- Történeti ipari építészet Budapesten
- FELVETÉSEK A BUDAPESTI TÖRTÉNETI GYÁRÉPÜLETEK HOMLOKZATI KIALAKÍTÁSÁVAL KAPCSOLATBAN
- A budapesti dohánygyárak története
- "Bérlakás újragondolva Óbudán". Archived from the original on 2023-01-18.
- Cifra kémény, körkemencék és nyerstégla – Zsolnay Negyed, a Pirogránit udvar épületei
Category:Industrial buildings and structures Category:Architecture