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Draft:Giuseppe Mussardo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  • Comment: While he might pass WP:NPROF, this is written as a long essay/resume. It is way too long, too much minor detail. Look at other pages and cut. Ldm1954 (talk) 05:12, 30 September 2026 (UTC)

Giuseppe Mussardo

[edit]
Giuseppe Mussardo
Giuseppe Mussardo in 2025
EducationUniversity of Pisa (MSC)
SISSA (PHD)
Scientific career
FieldsTheoretical physics
WorkplacesSISSA
Websitepeople.sissa.it/~mussardo/

Giuseppe Mussardo is an Italian theoretical physicist, full professor at the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste.[1] and a member of the Academy of the Arts of Drawing in Florence[2]. His research concerns quantum field theory and statistical mechanics, with particular emphasis on low-dimensional integrable quantum systems, exact S-matrices and form factors, out-of-equilibrium dynamics, and connections between quantum physics and number theory. He is known, among other contributions, for the LeClair-Mussardo formula[3] and for calculations that enabled quantitative comparison between the integrable field theory associated with the E₈ algebra and spectra measured in quasi-one-dimensional magnetic systems[4]. He is also active in scientific publishing[5] and science communication, particularly in the history of science.

Research

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Integrable field theories and S-matrices

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A central part of Mussardo's research has focused on two-dimensional integrable field theories, in which factorised scattering makes it possible to determine spectra and scattering amplitudes exactly. With John Cardy, he constructed the S-matrix of the Yang-Lee edge singularity[6], providing one of the first complete examples of factorised scattering in a non-unitary theory. This result showed that the bootstrap programme could be extended beyond unitary theories and helped initiate the systematic study of integrable deformations of minimal conformal models.

With Philippe Christe, he subsequently studied the S-matrices of affine Toda field theories and the integrable deformation of the tricritical Ising model, revealing a particle structure associated with the exceptional algebra E₇[7][8]. This work helped transform exceptional algebras from a formal classification scheme into a tool for organising masses, bound states, and scattering processes in exactly solvable statistical models[9][10].

Form factors, the Ising model, and experimental verification of E₈

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With John Cardy, he proposed a classification of the operator content of an integrable field theory through the different solutions of the form-factor equations[11]. With Andreas Fring and Prospero Simonetti, he derived the exact form factors of the sinh-Gordon model[12]. With Anne Koubek, he found a closed determinant formula, expressed in terms of elementary symmetric polynomials, for the form factors of an infinite class of local operators in the sinh-Gordon model, and used the form-factor equations to classify its local operator content[13]. Together with Cardy, he clarified the convergence properties of spectral series in (1+1) dimensions, making it possible to calculate correlation functions and quantities directly comparable with numerical and experimental observations[14][15][16][4].

With Gesualdo Delfino, he calculated the spin-spin correlation function of the two-dimensional Ising model at critical temperature in the presence of a magnetic field, in the integrable regime with an E₈ spectrum. This calculation provided the response functions needed to move from a prediction of the spectrum to a description of observable intensities[15].

In 2021, he participated in a study of the quasi-one-dimensional compound BaCo₂V₂O₈ using nuclear magnetic resonance and inelastic neutron scattering. The experiment identified, for the first time, all eight one-particle excitations of the E₈ spectrum together with numerous multiparticle channels. Predictions obtained from form factors quantitatively reproduced both the peak positions and their spectral weights. The work thus provided one of the first comprehensive experimental comparisons between the dynamics of a real material and the response functions of an integrable quantum field theory, going beyond the verification of mass ratios alone[4].

Finite temperature and out-of-equilibrium dynamics

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With André LeClair, he formulated a series representation for expectation values and finite-temperature correlation functions in integrable field theories, known as the LeClair-Mussardo formula. The formula combines form factors with thermodynamic Bethe ansatz and made local observables in finite-density states calculable, becoming one of the most widely used tools in the thermodynamic study of integrable systems[3].

The same framework was later extended to out-of-equilibrium dynamics. Mussardo proposed a generalisation of the series for infinite-time averages of local observables after a quantum quench, replacing the thermal ensemble with a generalised Gibbs ensemble that accounts for the conserved charges[17]. In subsequent work, he also helped clarify the role of quasi-local charges in describing the stationary states of integrable field theories[18][19].

With Márton Kormos and Andrea Trombettoni, he connected the non-relativistic limit of the sinh-Gordon model to the Lieb-Liniger Bose gas. This correspondence transferred methods and results from relativistic field theory to the physics of one-dimensional quantum gases, enabling the calculation of finite-temperature local correlators relevant to ultracold-atom experiments[20].

Non-integrable quantum field theories

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He advanced the study of non-integrable field theories in (1+1) dimensions by proposing Form Factor Perturbation Theory[21] and highlighting phenomena such as the confinement of topological excitations in models including the low-temperature Ising model and the multi-frequency sine-Gordon model[22] as well as the decay of particles above threshold in the Ising model in a magnetic field when the temperature is shifted away from its critical value[23].

Number theory and quantum mechanics

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A more recent line of his research has applied probabilistic methods from statistical mechanics and quantum models to problems in number theory. With LeClair, he developed a probabilistic approach to the Generalised Riemann Hypothesis, treating certain series built from prime numbers as time series with statistical properties and diffusive behaviour. Within this framework, the growth of sums associated with Dirichlet characters was related to a single Brownian trajectory with universal critical exponent 1/2 and to the possible extension of the Euler product to the critical line[24][25][26].

LeClair and Mussardo also proposed an integrable model of a particle scattering from impurities arranged around a circle. The model's Bethe quantisation conditions reproduce the imaginary parts of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line and, in its generalised form, the zeros of Dirichlet L-functions. In the language of the model, the Generalised Riemann Hypothesis is recast as the completeness of the Bethe equations[27].

With Donatella Cassettari and Trombettoni, he used optical holograms to realise finite quantum potentials whose first energy levels correspond to the prime numbers, providing an experimental realisation of the connection between quantum spectra and arithmetic sequences[28]. With Trombettoni, he also discussed spectral signatures and conceptual protocols related to integer factorization[29].

Academic career

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After graduating in physics summa cum laude from the University of Pisa in 1983, Mussardo received his PhD in theoretical physics from SISSA in 1988 with a thesis on supersymmetric minimal conformal models. He held postdoctoral research appointments at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen. He joined SISSA in 1991; from 1997 to 1999 he was associate professor at the University of Insubria, and in 2000 he became full professor at SISSA[1].

At SISSA, he served as deputy director from 2001 to 2004. In 2005 he founded the Statistical Physics Group and its PhD programme[30], which he coordinated until 2015. From 2005 to 2010 he chaired INSTANS, the European Science Foundation programme on low-dimensional quantum systems[31]. From 2010 to 2015 he chaired the European Commission programme Quantum Integrability, Conformal Field Theory and Topological Quantum Computation (QICFT)[32].

He also directed SISSA's Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Natural and Human Sciences from 2012 to 2018[33] and from 2016 to 2023 served as national coordinator of the INFN research initiative in Statistical Field Theory[34]. From 2013 to 2026 he was a member of the Board of Directors of the Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment[35][36].

He has taught and conducted research at numerous international institutions. In 2017-2018 he held the Kramers Chair at Utrecht University's Institute for Theoretical Physics[37]. Since 2013 he has been a Distinguished Professor at the International Institute of Physics in Natal, Brazil[38]. Since 2022 he has served on the International Scientific Committee of the Galileo Galilei Institute in Florence[39]. He was also a scientific consultant at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste from 2010 to 2018[40].

Scientific textbooks and editorial work

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In 2010, Oxford University Press published his Statistical Field Theory: An Introduction to Exactly Solved Models in Statistical Physics; a substantially expanded second edition, exceeding one thousand pages, appeared in 2020[10]. The monograph brings together the theory of phase transitions, the renormalisation group, conformal field theory, duality, elastic S-matrices, thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, and form-factor theory in a unified treatment. Through its breadth and pedagogical approach, the book has helped disseminate the methods of integrable systems in advanced training in statistical mechanics and field theory and has become a reference work in the international community.

In 2026, the open-access SCOAP3 series published The Exact S-Matrix: Symmetry, Particles and Integrability[41]. The book presents the S-matrix as a fundamental tool for the non-perturbative study of quantum field theories in low dimensions. It develops exact methods for integrable models and their applications to spectra, correlations, and critical phenomena, before extending the analysis to resonances, confinement, and non-integrable models.

Mussardo is the editor of QBit, a book series published by Castelvecchi and devoted to science and the history of ideas in physics. The series includes original works, translations, and new editions of classics by authors ranging from Max Planck and Laura Fermi to Kip Thorne and Frank Close[42].

Cultural activities and science communication

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In 2022, he was elected a full member of the Academy of the Arts of Drawing in Florence in the Humanities and Sciences class. The institution is regarded as the oldest academy of fine arts founded by a public authority: the statutes of the Academy and Company of the Art of Drawing were approved on 13 January 1563 by Cosimo I de' Medici, on the initiative of Giorgio Vasari and following a revision of the text by Vincenzo Borghini[2][43].

Alongside his research, he has pursued extensive science-communication activities through books, public lectures, and documentaries on figures in the history of physics and mathematics. In 2013, the Italian Physical Society awarded him its Outreach Prize for his contribution to the dissemination of scientific culture and, in particular, for his films on Ludwig Boltzmann, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, and Abdus Salam[44]

In 2024, he received the Cosmos Prize for the Italian edition of Maksimovič - The Life of Bruno Pontecorvo, recognised as the best work of popular science in physics, astronomy, and mathematics[45]. The jury highlighted the historical and documentary reconstruction of Pontecorvo's scientific career and life[46][47][48][49][50]. The English edition is forthcoming from Springer in 2026.

In 2025, he published the Italian edition of God Plays Dice with the World: The History of Quantum Mechanics[51][52][53][54][55], a work covering the development of the scientific discipline that opened the way to understanding subatomic phenomena. The English edition was published by Springer in 2026. Together with Luca Morici, he produced a graphic novel based on the book[56] which won the 2026 Cosmos Prize for Young Readers as the year's best work of science communication[57]. He also edited Is Quantum Mechanics Complete? The Entanglement Paradox[58] which includes a translation of Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen's paper on the EPR paradox and Niels Bohr's response.

He has fostered a close dialogue between science and literature, notably through L'infinita scienza di Leopardi [Leopardi's Infinite Science] (Scienza Express, 2019)[59][60][61] written with Gaspare Polizzi; Sky and Earth: Travelling with Dante Alighieri and Marco Polo (Springer, 2023)[62][63][64] also written with Polizzi; and Due culture? Tra scienza e umanesimo [Two Cultures? Between Science and the Humanities] (Castelvecchi, 2024)[65] written with Filippo La Porta.

Selected works

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Scientific books

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  • Statistical Field Theory: An Introduction to Exactly Solved Models in Statistical Physics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010; 2nd ed., 2020.
  • The Exact S-Matrix: Symmetry, Particles and Integrability, Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3), 2026.

Science communication and history of science

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  • L'infinita scienza di Leopardi [Leopardi's Infinite Science], with Gaspare Polizzi, Trieste: Scienza Express, 2019.
  • The ABC's of Science, Springer, 2020.
  • Sky and Earth: Travelling with Dante Alighieri and Marco Polo, with Gaspare Polizzi, Springer, 2023.
  • Maksimovič - The Life of Bruno Pontecorvo, Springer, forthcoming 2026.
  • Due culture? Tra scienza e umanesimo [Two Cultures? Between Science and the Humanities], with Filippo La Porta, Rome: Castelvecchi, 2024.
  • God Plays Dice with the World: The History of Quantum Mechanics, Springer, 2026.

Documentaries

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  • Boltzmann: The Genius of Disorder (2007).
  • Chandra: The Journey of a Star (2009).
  • Abdus Salam: The Dream of Symmetry (2011).
  • Maksimovič: The Story of Bruno Pontecorvo (2013).
  • Évariste Galois: The Revolutionary Mathematician (2017).

Notes

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  1. 1 2 "International School for Advanced Studies,". people.sissa.it. Retrieved 2026-09-25.
  2. 1 2 "Academy of the Arts of Drawing" (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-25.
  3. 1 2 LeClair, A.; Mussardo, G. (1999-07-19). "Finite temperature correlation functions in integrable QFT". Nuclear Physics B. 552 (3): 624–642. doi:10.1016/S0550-3213(99)00280-1. ISSN 0550-3213.
  4. 1 2 3 Zou, Haiyuan; Cui, Yi; Wang, Xiao; Zhang, Z.; Yang, J.; Xu, G.; Okutani, A.; Hagiwara, M.; Matsuda, M.; Wang, G.; Mussardo, Giuseppe; Hódsági, K.; Kormos, M.; He, Zhangzhen; Kimura, S. (2021-08-09). "E 8 Spectra of Quasi-One-Dimensional Antiferromagnet BaCo 2 V 2 O 8 under Transverse Field". Physical Review Letters. 127 (7). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.077201. ISSN 0031-9007.
  5. ↑ "Castelvecchi Editore, QBit series". Castelvecchi Editore (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-25.
  6. ↑ Cardy, John L.; Mussardo, G. (1989-07-01). "S-matrix of the Yang-Lee edge singularity in two dimensions". Physics Letters B. 225 (3): 275–278. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(89)90818-6. ISSN 0370-2693.
  7. ↑ Christe, P.; Mussardo, G. (1990-01-01). "Integrable systems away from critically: The Toda field theory and S-matrix of the tricritical Ising model". Nuclear Physics B. 330 (2–3): 465–487. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(90)90119-X. ISSN 0550-3213.
  8. ↑ Christe, P.; Mussardo, G. (1990-12-20). "Elastic s-matrices in (1 + 1) dimensions and toda field theories". International Journal of Modern Physics A. 05 (24). World Scientific Publishing Co.: 4581–4627. doi:10.1142/S0217751X90001938. ISSN 0217-751X.
  9. ↑ Mussardo, G (1992-10-01). "Off-critical statistical models: Factorized scattering theories and bootstrap program". Physics Reports. 218 (5–6): 215–379. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(92)90047-4.
  10. 1 2 Mussardo, Giuseppe (2009-08-27). Statistical Field Theory. Oxford University PressOxford. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199547586.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-954758-6.
  11. ↑ Cardy, John L.; Mussardo, Giuseppe (1990-08-20). "Form factors of descendent operators in perturbed conformal field theories". Nuclear Physics B. 340 (2): 387–402. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(90)90452-J. ISSN 0550-3213.
  12. ↑ Fring, A.; Mussardo, G.; Simonetti, P. (1993-03-01). "Form factors for integrable lagrangian field theories, the sinh-Gordon model". Nuclear Physics B. 393 (1–2): 413–441. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(93)90252-K. ISSN 0550-3213.
  13. ↑ Koubek, A.; Mussardo, G. (1993-07-29). "On the operator content of the sinh-Gordon model". Physics Letters B. 311 (1): 193–201. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(93)90554-U. ISSN 0370-2693.
  14. ↑ Cardy, John; Mussardo, G. (1993-12-27). "Universal properties of self-avoiding walks from two-dimensional field theory". Nuclear Physics B. 410 (3): 451–493. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(93)90525-T. ISSN 0550-3213.
  15. 1 2 Delfino, G.; Mussardo, G. (1995-09-27). "The spin-spin correlation function in the two-dimensional Ising model in a magnetic field at T = Tc". Nuclear Physics B. 455 (3): 724–758. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00464-4. ISSN 0550-3213.
  16. ↑ Fioravanti, D.; Mussardo, G.; Simon, P. (2000-12-18). "Universal amplitude ratios of the renormalization group: Two-dimensional tricritical Ising model". Physical Review E. 63 (1). American Physical Society: 016103. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.63.016103.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  17. ↑ Mussardo, G. (2013-09-03). "Infinite-Time Average of Local Fields in an Integrable Quantum Field Theory After a Quantum Quench". Physical Review Letters. 111 (10). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.100401. ISSN 0031-9007.
  18. ↑ Fioretto, Davide; Mussardo, Giuseppe (2010-05-28). "Quantum quenches in integrable field theories". New Journal of Physics. 12 (5): 055015. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/5/055015. ISSN 1367-2630.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  19. ↑ Essler, F. H. L.; Mussardo, G.; Panfil, M. (2015-05-14). "Generalized Gibbs ensembles for quantum field theories". Physical Review A. 91 (5). American Physical Society: 051602. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.91.051602.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  20. ↑ Kormos, M.; Mussardo, G.; Trombettoni, A. (2010-04-12). "One-dimensional Lieb-Liniger Bose gas as nonrelativistic limit of the sinh-Gordon model". Physical Review A. 81 (4). American Physical Society: 043606. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.81.043606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  21. ↑ Delfino, G.; Mussardo, G.; Simonetti, P. (1996-08-12). "Non-integrable quantum field theories as perturbations of certain integrable models". Nuclear Physics B. 473 (3): 469–508. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(96)00265-9. ISSN 0550-3213.
  22. ↑ Delfino, G.; Mussardo, G. (1998-04-01). "Non-integrable aspects of the multi-frequency sine-Gordon model". Nuclear Physics B. 516 (3): 675–703. doi:10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00063-7. ISSN 0550-3213.
  23. ↑ Delfino, Gesualdo; Grinza, Paolo; Mussardo, Giuseppe (2006-03-01). "Decay of particles above threshold in the Ising field theory with magnetic field". Nuclear Physics B. 737 (3): 291–303. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.12.024. ISSN 0550-3213.
  24. ↑ LeClair, André; Mussardo, Giuseppe (2019-02-01). "Generalized Riemann hypothesis, time series and normal distributions*". Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment. 2019 (2): 023203. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/aaf717. ISSN 1742-5468.
  25. ↑ Mussardo, Giuseppe; LeClair, André (2021-11-01). "Randomness of Möbius coefficients and Brownian motion: growth of the Mertens function and the Riemann hypothesis". Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment. 2021 (11): 113106. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/ac22fb. ISSN 1742-5468.
  26. ↑ "Brownian Motion and Dirichlet Zeros – SCGP". scgp.stonybrook.edu. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  27. ↑ LeClair, André; Mussardo, Giuseppe (2024-04-11). "Riemann zeros as quantized energies of scattering with impurities". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2024 (4): 62. doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2024)062. ISSN 1029-8479.
  28. ↑ Cassettari, Donatella; Mussardo, Giuseppe; Trombettoni, Andrea (2023-01-01). "Holographic realization of the prime number quantum potential". PNAS Nexus. 2 (1): pgac279. doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac279. ISSN 2752-6542. PMC 9887940. PMID 36733293.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  29. ↑ Mussardo, Giuseppe; Trombettoni, Andrea (2026-03-23). "Spectral Signatures of Prime Factorization". Entropy. 28 (3): 363. doi:10.3390/e28030363. ISSN 1099-4300. PMC 13025687. PMID 41900015.
  30. ↑ "Statistical Physics @ Trieste | Statistical Physics sector – Sissa". Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  31. ↑ "Centro de Ciencias de Benasque Pedro Pascual". www.benasque.org. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  32. ↑ "Quantum Integrability, Conformal Field Theory and Topological Quantum Computation | QICFT | Project | Fact Sheet | FP7". CORDIS | European Commission. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  33. ↑ "INFO | Laboratorio Interdisciplinare". www4.sissa.it. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  34. ↑ "SFT". web.infn.it. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  35. ↑ "Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment".
  36. ↑ "L. F. Cugliandolo et al., 'JSTAT 20th Anniversary Retrospective: Editorial', Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (2024)" (PDF).
  37. ↑ "History - Institute for Theoretical Physics - Utrecht University". www.uu.nl. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  38. ↑ "Researchers | IIP". www.iip.ufrn.br. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  39. ↑ "Directorate". www.ggi.infn.it. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  40. ↑ "Home | ICTP". www.ictp.it. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  41. ↑ "‪The exact S-matrix: Symmetry, Particles and Integrability‬". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  42. ↑ "QBit - Collane". Castelvecchi Editore (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  43. ↑ "Academy of the Arts of Drawing, 'A 450-Year History': the institution's origins, its 1563 statutes, and its official history".
  44. ↑ "Premiati Congresso 2013". www.sif.it. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  45. ↑ "Maksimovic. La storia di Bruno Pontecorvo - Giuseppe Mussardo". Castelvecchi Editore (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  46. ↑ Conti, Sergio (2024-10-16). "Vincitore edizione 2024 – Cosmos" (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  47. ↑ "Tra fisica e politica: Maksimovič. La storia di Bruno Pontecorvo | Il Bo Live". ilbolive.unipd.it (in Italian). 2025-01-20. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  48. ↑ "Gaspare Polizzi, 'Pontecorvo's escape remains a mystery', Il Sole 24 Ore, 3 December 2023".
  49. ↑ "Piero Bianucci, 'The Oppenheimer mystery and the Pontecorvo enigma', La Stampa, 24 September 2023".
  50. ↑ "Marcello Flores, 'Bruno Pontecorvo makes a mistake and regrets it', Corriere della Sera, 24 September 2023".
  51. ↑ "Dio gioca a dadi con il mondo. La storia della meccanica quantistica - Giuseppe Mussardo". Castelvecchi Editore (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  52. ↑ "08/05/2025 Presentazione del volume: Dio gioca a dadi con il mondo | Accademia Dei Lincei". www.lincei.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2026-03-11. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  53. ↑ "Matteo Serra, 'The great mosaic of quantum physics', Le Scienze, May 2025".
  54. ↑ "G. I. Bischi, Nuova Lettera Matematica, no. 9, 2025".
  55. ↑ "Luca Albertini, Prisma interviews, 'Does God really play dice with the world? Giuseppe Mussardo recounts quantum mechanics, one of humanity's greatest adventures', 25 August 2025".
  56. ↑ "Dio gioca a dadi con il mondo. La storia della meccanica quantistica a fumetti - Giuseppe Mussardo, Luca Morici". Castelvecchi Editore (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  57. ↑ "Cosmos – Scienza Cultura Società" (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  58. ↑ "La meccanica quantistica è completa? Il paradosso dell'entanglement - Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, Nathan Rosen, Niels Bohr". Castelvecchi Editore (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  59. ↑ Cattolica, La Civiltà (2020-05-15). "L'infinita scienza di Leopardi". La Civiltà Cattolica (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  60. ↑ Castellana, Mario (2020-01-29). "L'infinita scienza di Leopardi". Odysseo (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  61. ↑ "L'infinita scienza di Leopardi | Il Bo Live". ilbolive.unipd.it (in Italian). 2019-11-25. Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  62. ↑ "In viaggio con Dante Alighieri e Marco Polo - Letteratura". Rai Cultura (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
  63. ↑ Biblioteca delle Oblate (2021-03-26). In viaggio con Dante Alighieri e Marco Polo. Retrieved 2026-09-27 – via YouTube.
  64. ↑ "Italian Cultural Institute, New York, 'Marco Polo and Dante: Journeys of Knowledge', book presentation".
  65. ↑ "Due culture? Tra scienza e umanesimo - Filippo La Porta, Giuseppe Mussardo". Castelvecchi Editore (in Italian). Retrieved 2026-09-27.
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