// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Dinomorpha say? Dino-mite.

Dinomorpha; Temporal range: Middle Permian - Late Permian, 274.4–252 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Mounted skeleton of Biarmosuchus tener
	Mounted skeleton of Estemmenosuchus uralensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Clade:	Therapsida
Clade:	†Dinomorpha; Ivachnenko, 2008 emmend. Duhamel et al., 2026
Subgroups
	†Biarmosuchia; †Dinocephalia;

Dinomorpha is a proposed clade of extinct therapsids uniting Biarmosuchia and Dinocephalia to the exclusion of other major therapsid groups. The usage of the grouping was introduced in a paper focusing on early therapsid evolution in eastern Europe.^[1] Most phylogentic analysis had supported the alternative, more traditional placement of biarmosuchians and dinocephalians in a pectinate arrangement relative to the clade Neotherapsida (Anomodontia and Theriodontia),^[2] a 2026 paper from Duhamel et al. focusing on the phylogenetic relationships of therapsids using exclusively on cranial characters, recovered a clade uniting Biarmosuchia and Dinocephalia.^[3] The authors recommended using Ivachnenko (2008) "Dinomorpha" as the available clade name for Biarmosuchia and Dinocephalia, along with using modern definitions for both members in a stem-based manner.^[3]

References

↑ Ivakhnenko, M.F. Cranial morphology and evolution of Permian Dinomorpha (Eotherapsida) of eastern Europe. Paleontol. J. 42, 859–995 (2008).
↑ Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Kammerer, Christian F. (2018-10-22). "Non-Mammalian synapsids: the deep roots of the mammalian family tree". In Zachos, Frank; Asher, Robert (eds.). Mammalian Evolution, Diversity and Systematics. De Gruyter. pp. 117–198. doi:10.1515/9783110341553-005. ISBN 978-3-11-034155-3. S2CID 92370138.
1 2 Duhamel, A.; Wynd, B.; Wright, A. M.; Moopen, A.; Benoit, J.; Rubidge, B. (2026). "Rethinking therapsid phylogeny through Bayesian and cladistic approaches". Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-026-38195-2. PMID 41813723.

[Ivachnenko2008-1] Ivakhnenko, M.F. Cranial morphology and evolution of Permian Dinomorpha (Eotherapsida) of eastern Europe. Paleontol. J. 42, 859–995 (2008).

[AngielczykKammerer2018-2] Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Kammerer, Christian F. (2018-10-22). "Non-Mammalian synapsids: the deep roots of the mammalian family tree". In Zachos, Frank; Asher, Robert (eds.). Mammalian Evolution, Diversity and Systematics. De Gruyter. pp. 117–198. doi:10.1515/9783110341553-005. ISBN 978-3-11-034155-3. S2CID 92370138.

[Duhameletal2026-3] 1 2 Duhamel, A.; Wynd, B.; Wright, A. M.; Moopen, A.; Benoit, J.; Rubidge, B. (2026). "Rethinking therapsid phylogeny through Bayesian and cladistic approaches". Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-026-38195-2. PMID 41813723.

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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Dinomorpha say? Dino-mite.

References