De mundi creatione
| De mundi creatione | |
|---|---|
| On the Creation of the World | |
| Full title | De mundi creatione et contentis ejusdem |
| Author(s) | Gerald of Wales |
| Language | Latin |
| Date | c. 1166-1176 |
De mundi creatione, or On the Creation of the World, is a twelfth-century Latin cosmographic poem by Gerald of Wales describing the creation of the world and man.[1]: 107,108
It survives in Gerald's Symbolum electorum, and may contain part or all of his otherwise-lost Cosmographia.[1]: 107 It has been described as "almost an epitome" of Bernard Silvestris's Cosmographia,[2]: 122,206 and shows that Gerald accepted contemporary theoretical models of the world.[2]: 206
Composition
[edit]Gerald referred to an early Cronographia and Cosmographia as being among his own writings. Robert Bartlett dates these to c. 1166-1176, corresponding to Gerald's time studying at the University of Paris. The Cronographia is not known to survive, but Bartlett identifies De mundi creatione as containing part or all of the Cosmographia.[1]: 107
It survives in Gerald's anthology of his works, his Symbolum electorum, c. 1204-1205, suggesting that he continued to hold the work in esteem.[1]: 107 [2]: 205
Contents and interpretation
[edit]De mundi creatione is a 260-line cosmographic poem describing the creation of the world and man.[1]: 108 It presents the natural world through the four classical elements: earth, water, fire, and air. It presents the human body through the humoral theory, where these elements have bodily equivalents with air corresponding to blood, fire to yellow bile or choler, earth to black bile, and water to phlegm.[2]: 205–206
The poem also adopts the concept of microcosm and macrocosm, where the body and the world were linked and reflected each other.[2]: 206
The work is conventional in its ideas and presentation and is evidence that Gerald accepted contemporary theoretical models, including standard humoral theory.[2]: 206, 210 It resembles Bernard Silvestris's Cosmographia and Michael Faletra has described it as "almost an epitome" of that work.[2]: 122, 206
The work contains Platonic terms and themes, but it is not a Platonist work. It also reflects contemporary commonplaces, including Bede's correlation between the seasons, elements, and humours, and the traditional account of the seven planets. Robert Bartlett describes it as part of a "school of writers who were attempting a scientific synthesis on the basis of the meagre available resources."[1]: 109-110
Gerald himself considered it to reflect the teachings of philosophers, not theologians.[1]: 107,124
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bartlett, Robert (2006). Gerald of Wales: a voice of the Middle Ages. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-4031-6.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Henley, Georgia; McMullen, A. Joseph, eds. (2018). Gerald of Wales: new perspectives on a medieval writer and critic (1st ed.). Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 978-1-78683-166-8. JSTOR jj.14491513.