Chinese hare
| Chinese hare | |
|---|---|
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| 19th-century illustration by Thomas Hardwicke | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Lagomorpha |
| Family: | Leporidae |
| Genus: | Lepus |
| Species: | L. sinensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Lepus sinensis J. E. Gray, 1832 | |
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| Chinese hare range | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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List
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The Chinese hare (Lepus sinensis) is a species of mammal in the family Leporidae.[3] It is found in China, Taiwan and Vietnam.[1]
Taxonomy and etymology
[edit]The Chinese hare was first described by John Edward Gray in 1832, where it appeared in the 12th part of the 2nd volume of the work Illustrations of Indian Zoology.[4] The publication included only an illustration alongside the text "Chinese hare. Lepus sinensis. Gray" and "China. J.B. Reeves, British Museum".[5] The Korean hare (Lepus coreanus) was at one time considered to be a subspecies of the Chinese hare but molecular studies of mtDNA have since shown that the Korean hare is in fact a separate species.[6]
Description
[edit]The Chinese hare is a small species growing to a length of about 40 to 76 centimetres (16 to 30 in) and a weight of 1.25 to 1.94 kilograms (2.8 to 4.3 lb) with the females being rather larger than the males. The fur is short and coarse, the back and chest being chestnut-brown and the belly whitish. The large hind feet are furred, the tail is brown and the tips of the ears bear triangular black patches. It is distinguished from other Lepus species by the shape and details of its skull and teeth.[7]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The Chinese hare is native to the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Zhejiang. It also occurs on Taiwan and in a small area of north-eastern Vietnam.[1]
The population of Chinese hare in Taiwan is considered as a subspecies, known as the Formosan hare (L. s. formosus).[8] Other than the nominate subspecies L. s. sinensis, a subspecies endemic to Hunan, L. s. yuenshanensis, has been documented since 1930.[9]
Biology
[edit]Like other hare species, the Chinese hare's diet consists of grasses and other green plant material, buds, twigs and bark. It is mainly nocturnal and produces two types of faeces, moist and dry pellets. It eats the moist pellets immediately so as to extract the maximum nutritional value from its food. It does not live underground in a burrow but has a form or nest in long vegetation. A litter of about three precocial young are born in this and visited by the mother once a day for a few minutes to allow them to suckle. The mother's milk is particularly rich in protein and fat and the lactation period lasts for about three weeks, Various carnivores prey on the Chinese hare and it relies on its fast running speed to escape from predators.[7] It may opportunistically use burrows of other animals and pile fecal pellets outside the entrance.[9]
Status
[edit]The IUCN lists the Chinese hare in its Red List of Threatened Species as a least-concern species, and it is listed as the same under China's Red List. In Vietnam, it occurs in heavily populated areas and is at risk from hunting and habitat loss; as such, Chinese hare populations are thought to be very small there. There have been no confirmed records of the species in the country since the 1990s.[9] No details about population trends outside of Vietnam are known. The Chinese hare occurs in several protected areas within China, such as Nanling National Forest Park and Wuyishan National Nature Reserve. The authors of the 2016 Red List assessment recommended that studies on the species' distribution be carried out to determine the impact of agriculture on populations.[1]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 Smith, A.T.; Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus sinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T41286A45189035. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41286A45189035.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ↑ "Lepus sinensis J. E. Gray, 1832 Chinese hare". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 23 September 2026.
- ↑ Hoffmann, R.S.; Smith, A.T. (2005). "Order Lagomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ↑ Sawyer, F. C. (1953). "The dates of issue of J. E. Gray's Illustrations of Indian Zoology (ondon, 1830—1835)". Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History. 3 (1): 48–55. doi:10.3366/jsbnh.1953.3.1.48. ISSN 0037-9778.
- ↑ Gray, John Edward; Hardwicke, Thomas; Hawkins, Benjamin Waterhouse (1832). Illustrations of Indian Zoology. Vol. 2. Adolphus Richter and Co., and Parbury, Allen and Co. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.95127. OCLC 10066378 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Hung Sun Koh; Kyung Hee Jang (2010). "Genetic distinctness of the Korean hare, Lepus coreanus (Mammalia, Lagomorpha), revealed by nuclear thyroglobulin gene and mtDNA control region sequences". Biochemical Genetics. 48 (7–8): 706–710. doi:10.1007/s10528-010-9353-0. PMID 20526735. S2CID 20926137.
- 1 2 "Lepus sinensis - Chinese hare". Living organisms. Wildpro. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ↑ "Forest mammal sightings up". Taipei Times. 7 August 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- 1 2 3 Schai-Braun, S.C.; Hackländer, K. (2016). "Family Leporidae (Hares and Rabbits)". In Wilson, D.E.; Lacher, T.E.; Mittermeier, R.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Lynx Edicions. p. 148. ISBN 978-84-941892-3-4.