Chan Sen
Chan Sen
จันเสน | |
|---|---|
 Interactive map of Chan Sen | |
| Coordinates: 15°07′23.6″N 100°27′29.0″E / 15.123222°N 100.458056°E | |
| Country | Thailand |
| Province | Nakhon Sawan |
| District | Takhli |
| Government | |
| • Type | Subdistrict Administrative Organization (SAO) |
| • Mayor | Nonrasit Samakkan |
| Area | |
• Total | 64.178 km2 (24.779 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 6,259 |
| • Density | 97.53/km2 (252.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (ICT) |
| Postcode | 60260 |
| Area code | (+66) 02 |
| Website | https://www.chansen.go.th/frontpage |
Chan Sen, also written as Chansen (Thai: จันเสน, pronounced [t͡ɕān.sěːn]) is a tambon (subdistrict) in Takhli District, Nakhon Sawan Province, upper central Thailand. The subdistrict contains the moated ancient town of Chan Sen, occupied from the late Iron Age into the Dvaravati period and excavated in 1968 and 1969.
The subdistrict lies in the south of Takhli district and covers about 64 square kilometres. It is divided into ten villages, is governed by a subdistrict administrative organisation, and had a population of about 6,300.
History
[edit]Chan Sen's history goes back some two to three thousand years. It is treated as an ancient town of the late Iron Age which continued into the early Dvaravati period, contemporary with Funan in present-day Vietnam and with Suphan Buri's U Thong. The reading rests on the discovery of human skeletons, fragments of pottery, stone axes and iron tools on Khao Chong Khae Hill, at Ban Mai Chaimongkol village and in the country around them.
The condition of the ancient town of Chan Sen was first discovered from aerial photographs in 1966 by Thai architect and national artist Nij Hincheerana.[1]
Bennet Bronson excavated the site in 1968 and 1969 with a joint team from the National Museum of Thailand and the University of Pennsylvania Museum, and divided it into five phases on radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dates. Phases II to IV, running from the 1st to the 7th century, he treated as proto-historic, with full state development at the passage from phase IV to phase V in the 7th century. Phase III, of about 200 to 450 or 500 CE, he classified as Funan-related.[2]: 383 Andrew Barram and Ian Glover hold that label unsatisfactory, since the material shows more similarity with Dvaravati assemblages, and Stephen A. Murphy adds that the ceramic evidence points to trade contact rather than to overlordship.[2]: 383, 385
Chureekamol Onsuwan Eyre included Chan Sen among the sites she surveyed in the eastern Chao Phraya valley. She found the sites unranked by size between 200 BCE and 300 CE, but ranked on two levels around Chan Sen by about the 5th century, which she reads as the formative stage of a state-level society.[2]: 383
Chan Sen also lay on an important trading route in the Lop Buri–Pasak basin.[1] Karen Mudar reports that Chan Sen and Óc Eo share earthenware stamps, filigree-spiral bronze bells and tin stamps, citing Bronson's report of 1976, and reads these as economic rather than necessarily political ties to the Mekong delta.[3]: 21 Hsiao-chun Hung and Peter Bellwood add the stone casting moulds. Moulds for earrings from Jiuxianglan in south-eastern Taiwan are, on their comparison, identical to moulds recovered at Chan Sen, which they cite from Phasook Indrawooth, and to moulds from the Óc Eo sites of southern Vietnam. They read the group as evidence that manufacturing knowledge moved along an extensive network.[4]: 240 Kenneth R. Hall reported an earlier comparison by Bronson of the two regions. Ceramic types in the Óc Eo area were uniform where those of contemporary central Thailand were not, which Bronson read as a higher level of economic integration in the delta.[5]: 89–90 He took Funan's growth to have stimulated state formation in central Thailand by supplying an outward-looking elite that emulated it, and held that the archaeological evidence would not support conquest or colonisation from outside.[5]: 90 In her survey of the moated settlements of the central plain the site encloses 32 ha, a sub-district centre in her four-level hierarchy.[3]: 24 Chris Baker and Pasuk Phongpaichit note that even an inland site such as Chan Sen has yielded a wide range of exotic goods from both east and west. They set it beside Phromthin Tai near Lopburi, which produced hoards of coins as well as trade goods, and Dong Mae Nang Mueang, which produced both Persian and Chinese pottery.[6]: 19
Supitchar Jindawattanaphum reports pottery sherds from Chan Sen carrying figures she reads as warriors, one on horseback, one on an elephant and one with a shield and a short weapon. She treats decoration set inside a square frame ringed with dots as characteristic of Dvaravati pottery.[7]: 1517–1518
Geography
[edit]Chan Sen lies in the south of the district, about 28 km (17.4 mi) from downtown Takhli. The topography falls into two parts, a non-irrigated upland and an irrigated lowland.
The subdistrict is bounded, from the north clockwise, by Huai Hom and Lat Thippharot in Takhli district. The circuit continues with Sai Huai Kaeo and Phai Yai in Ban Mi district of Lop Buri province, and Thong En in In Buri district of Sing Buri province. It closes with Soi Thong, Phrom Nimit and Chong Khae, also in Takhli district.
Chan Sen has a total area of 35,634 rai or approximately 64.178 km2.[8]
Administration
[edit]Central administration
[edit]The entire area is governed by the Subdistrict Administrative Organization Chan Sen (SAO Chan Sen).
Local administration
[edit]The subdistrict is divided into ten muban (villages).
| No. | Name | Thai |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Ban Lat Thippharot | บ้านลาดทิพรส |
| 2. | Ban Khok Chan Sen | บ้านโคกจันเสน |
| 3. | Ban Dong Man | บ้านดงมัน |
| 4. | Ban Nong Tham Wua | บ้านหนองถ้ำวัว |
| 5. | Ban Nong Tako | บ้านหนองตะโก |
| 6. | Ban Nong Ta Mi | บ้านหนองตามี |
| 7. | Ban Sa Kae-ngo (Nong Krajao) | บ้านสะแกโง๊ะ (หนองกระเจา) |
| 8. | Ban Chan Sen | บ้านจันเสน |
| 9. | Ban Nong Mai Daeng | บ้านหนองไม้แดง |
| 10. | Ban Nong Krathum | บ้านหนองกระทุ่ม[9] |
Population
[edit]Chan Sen has a total population of 6,259 in 1,627 households.[9]
Places
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 "เที่ยว "เมืองจันเสน" แหล่งเรียนรู้ทางโบราณคดีของไทย ไม่ใกล้ ไม่ไกล อ.ตาคลี จ.นครสวรรค์" [Travel to "Mueang Chan Sen", an archaeological learning centre of Thailand, Takhli district, Nakhon Sawan province is around the corner]. Matichon (in Thai). 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2022-06-27.
- 1 2 3 Murphy, Stephen A. (October 2016). "The case for proto-Dvāravatī: A review of the art historical and archaeological evidence". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 47 (3): 366–392. doi:10.1017/S0022463416000242. ISSN 0022-4634.
- 1 2 Karen M. Mudar (1999). "How Many Dvaravati Kingdoms? Locational Analysis of First Millennium A.D. Moated Settlements in Central Thailand" (PDF). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 18 (1): 1–28. Bibcode:1999JAnAr..18....1M. doi:10.1006/jaar.1998.0329.
- ↑ Hung, Hsiao-chun; Bellwood, Peter (2010). "Movement of Raw Materials and Manufactured Goods across the South China Sea after 500 BCE: From Taiwan to Thailand, and Back". In Bérénice Bellina; Elisabeth A. Bacus; Thomas Oliver Pryce; Jan Wisseman Christie (eds.). 50 Years of Archaeology in Southeast Asia: Essays in Honour of Ian Glover. Bangkok: River Books. pp. 235–245. ISBN 978-616-7339-02-3.
- 1 2 Hall, Kenneth R. (March 1982). "The "Indianization" of Funan: An Economic History of Southeast Asia's First State". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 13 (1): 81–106. doi:10.1017/S0022463400014004. JSTOR 20070472.
- ↑ Chris Baker; Pasuk Phongpaichit (4 July 2017). "Before Ayutthaya". A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–42. doi:10.1017/9781108120197.002. ISBN 978-1-108-12019-7. Archived from the original on 11 March 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026.
- ↑ Supitchar Jindawattanaphum (2023). นักรบแห่งทวารวดีจากหลักฐานทางโบราณคดี [Warrior of Dvaravati from archaeological evidence] (PDF). The 15th NPRU National Academic Conference (in Thai). Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University. pp. 1511–1520.
- ↑ "ประวัติความเป็นมา" [Historical]. Chansen (in Thai).
- 1 2 "ตำบลจันเสน" [Chan Sen subdistrict]. Kapook (in Thai).