// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did Bulgaria inquinans say? "I'm a fun-gi.
| Bulgaria inquinans | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Leotiomycetes |
| Order: | Phacidiales |
| Family: | Phacidiaceae |
| Genus: | Bulgaria |
| Species: | B. inquinans |
| Binomial name | |
| Bulgaria inquinans | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
| Bulgaria inquinans | |
|---|---|
| Mycological characteristics | |
 | Cap is depressed |
 | Hymenium attachment is not applicable |
| Lacks a stipe |
 | Spore print is blackish-brown |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is inedible |
Bulgaria inquinans is a fungus in the family Phacidiaceae. It is commonly known by the names poor man's licorice,[1] black bulgar and black jelly drops.[2][3]
It grows on dead trees including oak, hornbeam, and ash, in Europe and North America.
Description
[edit]The cap is generally between 0.5 and 4 centimetres (1⁄4 and 1+1⁄2 in) wide and 1 cm tall. It has a dark top with a brown outer surface when young, later becoming more cupped with the black top widening over much of the exterior surface.[3][4] The texture of the mushroom is similar to leather or elastic, depending on dry weather (elastic like), or wet weather (leather).[3]
Similar species
[edit]Similar species include Ascocoryne sarcoides and Exidia glandulosa.[5] Pseudoplectania species form black cups without a rough brown outer surface.[4] Galiella rufa has a light upper surface and dark outer surface, opposite from young B. inquinans specimens.[4] Exidia glandulosa and Neobulgaria pura are also vaguely similar.[4]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The mushrooms generally grow in medium-sized clusters on the branches and bark of dead trees, generally oak[1] and hornbeam, but also ash trees due to ash dieback disease. It can be commonly found on felled trees stored in timber yards.[citation needed] It grows across mainland Europe and in the British Isles. It also grows in parts of the United States,[3] where it can be found from November to March on the West Coast and from May to October further east.[4]
Uses
[edit]Research into the colouring materials found in the fungus by H. Lockett and R. Edwards at Bradford University gave name to three purple pigments as two bulgarhodins and bulgarein.[6]
The species is inedible.[7]
Gallery
[edit]
Young version
References
[edit]- 1 2 Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. pp. 876–77. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1.
- ↑ Sterry, Paul; Hughes, Barry (2009). D & N Publishing (ed.). Collins Complete Guide to British Mushrooms & Toadstools. London: HarperCollins. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-00-723224-6.
- 1 2 3 4 "Bulgaria inquinans, Black Bulgar fungus". www.first-nature.com. Archived from the original on 2019-07-31. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
- ↑ Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
- ↑ Edwards RL, Lockett HJ. (1976). "Constituents of the Higher Fungi. Part XVI. Bulgarhodin and bulgarein, novel benzofluoranthenequinones from the fungus Bulgaria inquinans". Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: 2149–55. doi:10.1039/p19760002149.
- ↑ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuides. p. 524. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.