Brunner (crater)

Brunner
	Apollo 17 mapping camera image
Coordinates	9°54′S 90°54′E / 9.9°S 90.9°E
Diameter	50.66 km (31.48 mi)
Depth	3.63 km (2.26 mi)
Colongitude	271° at sunrise
Formation	Early Imbrian
Eponym	William O. Brunner

Brunner is a lunar impact crater that is located along the eastern limb of the Moon, to the southeast of the Mare Smythii.^[3] At this location the crater is viewed from the edge, and so it is not possible to see much detail from the Earth. The visibility of this formation is also affected by libration. The crater lies to the southwest of a walled plain called Hirayama,^[3] and to the east of the elongated crater Houtermans.

On the lunar geologic timescale, this formation dates to the Early Imbrian period.^[3] The rim of Brunner is well-defined and nearly circular, although there is a slight outward bulge and a depressed wall along the north. The interior of the crater is rugged and irregular, with a central ridge formation at the midpoint. There is also a ring-like formation on the floor that is concentric with the inner wall.^[4]^: 82

This crater is named after Swiss astronomer William O. Brunner (1878–1958).^[5] Its designation was officially adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1970.^[1]

Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Brunner.^[6]

Brunner^[4]^: 294	Latitude	Longitude	Diameter
L	12.4° S	91.3° E	34 km
N	11.4° S	90.7° E	18 km
P	12.5° S	90.1° E	19 km

References

1 2 "Brunner". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
↑ Pike, R. J. (September 1976). "Crater Dimensions from Apollo Data and Supplemental Sources". The Moon. 15 (3–4): 463–477. Bibcode:1976Moon...15..463P. doi:10.1007/BF00562253.
1 2 3 4 Byrne, Charles J. (2008). The Far Side of the Moon. Springer. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-4899-8806-5.
1 2 Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. (2004). The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
↑ Menzel, D. H.; et al. (1971). "Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU". Space Science Reviews. 12 (2): 136–186. Bibcode:1971SSRv...12..136M. doi:10.1007/BF00171763. S2CID 122125855.
↑ Grego, P. (2015). "Satellite Crater". In Hargitai, H.; Kereszturi, Á. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms. New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_328.

Sources

Price, Fred W. (1988). The Moon Observer's Handbook. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33500-3.
Rükl, Antonín (1990). Atlas of the Moon. Kalmbach Books. ISBN 978-0-913135-17-4.
Wlasuk, Peter T. (2000). Observing the Moon. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-193-1.

External links

LTO-82D1 Brunner — L&PI topographic map

[GPN-1] 1 2 "Brunner". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.

[Pike_1976-2] Pike, R. J. (September 1976). "Crater Dimensions from Apollo Data and Supplemental Sources". The Moon. 15 (3–4): 463–477. Bibcode:1976Moon...15..463P. doi:10.1007/BF00562253.

[Byrne_2008-3] 1 2 3 4 Byrne, Charles J. (2008). The Far Side of the Moon. Springer. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-4899-8806-5.

[Bussey_Spudis_2004-4] 1 2 Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. (2004). The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.

[Menzel_et_al_1971-5] Menzel, D. H.; et al. (1971). "Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU". Space Science Reviews. 12 (2): 136–186. Bibcode:1971SSRv...12..136M. doi:10.1007/BF00171763. S2CID 122125855.

[Grego_2015-6] Grego, P. (2015). "Satellite Crater". In Hargitai, H.; Kereszturi, Á. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms. New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_328.

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Brunner (crater)

Satellite craters

References

Sources

External links