Boulder choke
A boulder choke or breakdown plug is a collection of large rocks or rubble that obstructs a shaft or passage in a cave or mine. In order to progress through passages cavers often need to negotiate or clear boulder chokes.
Boulder chokes can be formed by rockfall, stream deposition, or mining debris. Due to the nature of their formation boulder chokes may be unstable and can prove difficult to navigate and map due to their complexity.[1]
In order to clear a boulder choke the rocks obstructing the passage may need to be removed, often requiring breaking up first either mechanically or using a small explosive.[2] The Three Counties System became the longest cave in the UK when cavers succeeded in clearing a route through a boulder choke for 140 metres (460 ft) to connect two known cave systems, an exercise that took three years.[3]
Boulder chokes can be hazardous, as unstable boulders can unexpectedly move, potentially crushing or trapping cavers.[4] In May 1988, for example, three cavers were killed in a boulder choke in Ease Gill Caverns.[5] In caves prone to flooding, a narrow and contorted path through a boulder choke can fill up with water quickly, preventing progress.[6] In 1972, ten members of the University of Leeds Speleological Association were trapped behind a complex flooded boulder choke in Langcliffe Pot, resulting in a 44-hour-long trip.[7]
References
[edit]- ↑ "The Cave of The Wild Horses, Kilcorney, Co. Clare, Ireland - The 1983 Extensions" (PDF). www.ubss.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
- ↑ Craig, David; Daley, Jason (January 2002). "How Low Can You Go?". Outside Online. Outside. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
- ↑ Wainwright, Martin (7 Nov 2011). "Potholers break through the final Three Counties link". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ↑ "Three Counties System Connects to Create UK's First 100 Kilometre Cave System". Caving News. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
- ↑ Boothroyd, Colin (June–July 1988). "Easegill Tragedy". Descent (82): 12.
- ↑ "Agen Allwedd". www.mlcmac.talktalk.net. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
- ↑ Monico, Paul (1989). "Diving in the Dementor Sump and "The Rescue" 1972". ULSA Explorations Journal II: 39–42.