Botrylloides

Botrylloides
	Botrylloides magnicoecum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Tunicata
Class:	Ascidiacea
Order:	Stolidobranchia
Family:	Styelidae
Genus:	Botrylloides; Milne-Edwards, 1841

Botrylloides is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.

Description

Like Botryllus, Botrylloides are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or slow-moving object in saltwater. Also both are considered to be invasive, found in many ports around the world. Invasive tunicates such as these, Didemnum sp., and Styela clava are a problem for shellfish and other marine life populations, and cause fouling of boats and piers.

Species within the genus Botrylloides include:^[1]

Botrylloides anceps (Herdman, 1891)
Botrylloides aureum (Sars, 1851)
Botrylloides chevalense Herdman, 1906
Botrylloides diegensis Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
Botrylloides fuscus Saito & Watanabe, 1985
Botrylloides giganteum (PÈrËs, 1949)
Botrylloides israeliense Brunetti, 2009
Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides lenis Saito & Watanabe, 1985
Botrylloides lentus Saito & Watanabe, 1985
Botrylloides magnicoecum (Hartmeyer, 1912)
Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886
Botrylloides perspicuus (Herdman, 1886)
Botrylloides pizoni Brunetti & Mastrototaro, 2012
Botrylloides saccus Kott, 2003
Botrylloides simodensis Saito & Watanabe, 1981
Botrylloides superbum (Drasche, 1883)
Botrylloides tyreum Herdman, 1886
Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927

Species names currently considered to be synonyms:

Botrylloides albicans Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides aurantium Oka, 1927: synonym of Botryllus aurantius (Oka, 1927)
Botrylloides aurea Sars, 1851: synonym of Botrylloides aureum (Sars, 1851)
Botrylloides boloniense Giard, 1875: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides carnosum Oka, 1927: synonym of Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927
Botrylloides chazaliei Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886
Botrylloides clavelina Giard, 1872: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides cyanescens Giard, 1888: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides diegense Ritter & Forsyth, 1917: synonym of Botrylloides diegensis Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
Botrylloides eligulatum Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of Botryllus tuberatus Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
Botrylloides fulgurale Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides gregalis Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botryllus gregalis (Sluiter, 1898)
Botrylloides insigne Giard, 1872: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides lateritium Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927
Botrylloides leachi (Savigny, 1816): synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides leptum Herdman, 1899: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides maeandrium Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898)
Botrylloides maeandrius Sluiter, 1898: synonym of Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898)
Botrylloides magnicoecus Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of Botrylloides magnicoecum (Hartmeyer, 1912)
Botrylloides magnum (Ritter, 1901): synonym of Botryllus magnus Ritter, 1901
Botrylloides magnus : synonym of Botryllus magnus Ritter, 1901
Botrylloides meandrinum Sluiter: synonym of Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898)
Botrylloides namei (Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928): synonym of Botryllus planus (Van Name, 1902)
Botrylloides niger Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides nigrum Herdman, 1886
Botrylloides parvulum Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides parvulus Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides perspicuum Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides perspicuus (Herdman, 1886)
Botrylloides planus : synonym of Botryllus planus (Van Name, 1902)
Botrylloides prostratum Giard, 1872: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides purpureum Herdman, 1886: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides pusilla Alder, 1863: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides radiata Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides ramulosa Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides rotifera Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides rubrum Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides rugosum Gottschaldt, 1894: synonym of Botrylloides aureum (Sars, 1851)
Botrylloides sparsa Alder, 1863: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides translucidum Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides vinosa Alder & Hancock, 1912: synonym of Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)
Botrylloides violaceum Oka, 1927: synonym of Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927

References

1 2 Sanamyan, K. (2015). Botrylloides Milne Edwards, 1841 . In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23