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| Baramaraja บรมราชา | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Ayodhya | |||||
| King of Xiān's Ayodhya | |||||
| Reign | 1310–1344 | ||||
| Predecessor | Dhammaraja | ||||
| Successor | Uthong V | ||||
| Born | Si Satchanalai | ||||
| Died | Ayodhya | ||||
| Consort | Sunandhadevī | ||||
| Issue | Uthong V | ||||
| |||||
| House | Phetchaburi–Viang Chaiprakarn[a] | ||||
| Father | Dharmatriloka of Si Satchanalai | ||||
| Mother | A daughter of the Chinese emperor[b] | ||||
Baramaraja (Thai: บรมราชา) was a ruler of Xiān's Ayodhya from 1310 to 1344 in the reconstruction of early Siamese history drawn from Thai chronicle tradition. Of mixed Siamese, Mon and Chinese descent,[b] he came to the throne on the death of his elder brother Dhammaraja.[3]
His reign saw a return to the expansionist activity of his father-in-law Suvarnaraja, after the quiet years under Dhammaraja, and ended with his abdication in favour of his only son, the future Uthong V.[3]
Family and accession
[edit]Baramaraja was the second son of Dharmatriloka, king of Si Satchanalai, by a Chinese princess.[b] His principal consort was Sunandhadevī, the younger daughter of Suvarnaraja.[2]: 69–71
He succeeded his elder brother Dhammaraja at Ayodhya in 1310.[3] On his abdication in 1344 he entered the monastic life, and was succeeded by his only son, Varashreṣṭhakumāra (วรเชษฐกุมาร), who took the throne as Uthong V, also known as Ramathibodi I, and under whom the Ayutthaya Kingdom is conventionally reckoned to begin in 1351.[3]
Campaign against Champa
[edit]In 1313, a few years after his accession, Xiān launched an invasion of Champa that ran for two years. The campaign failed after Champa received military support from the emperor of Đại Việt, who sent an army under Đỗ Thiên Hư to its aid.[4]: line 148 [5]: 122–123 [c]
Foreign relations
[edit]Tributary missions went to the Yuan dynasty in 1314, 1319 and 1323.[6]: 39 Later embassies appear under the names Xiānluó hú (暹羅斛) and Xiānluó (暹羅), designations for the polity later identified with the Ayutthaya Kingdom.[6]: 40
Xiān also rendered tribute to Đại Việt in 1335 to commemorate the Trần dynasty campaign against Ai Lao (later known as Sip Song Chau Tai), names Xiān (暹國) among the parties that came bearing local products to meet the emperor, alongside the crown prince of Champa and Chân Lạp.[7]
A Thai chronicle compilation records trade in this reign with China, the Kula, Vilanda, Japan, India and others.[8][d]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ↑ The Yonok Chronicle of Lan Na calls Ayodhya of this period Guru Rath (กุรุรัฐ, lit. 'country of Guru') and its ruling family Guruwaṃśa (กุรุวงศา, lit. 'family of Guru').[1]
- 1 2 3 The Northern Chronicle describes his elder brother Dhammaraja as a grandson of the Chinese emperor.[2]: 70
- ↑ The Thai study cited identifies Xiān with the Sukhothai Kingdom. That identification has since been rejected; see Xiān § Identification and historiography.
- ↑ Vilanda (วิลันดา) is the Thai term for the Dutch, who did not reach Southeast Asia until about 1600. Its appearance in a list for a 14th-century reign indicates that the passage took its present form long after the events it describes.
References
[edit]- ↑ Yutthaphong Matwises (4 August 2024). "บ้านเมืองอีสาน-สองฝั่งโขง ใน "อุรังคธาตุ" ตำนานพระธาตุพนม" [Towns of Isan on both banks of the Mekong in "Urangkhathat", the legend of Phra That Phanom]. silpa-mag.com (in Thai). Retrieved 28 May 2025.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - 1 2 Northern Chronicle (in Thai).
- 1 2 3 4 Sujit Wongthes (21 April 2023). "พงศาวดารอโยธยาศรีรามเทพนคร ฉบับ มานิต วัลลิโภดม" [The Chronicle of Ayodhya Sri Ramathep Nakhon, Manit Vallipodom edition]. silpa-mag.com (in Thai). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "大越史記全書 《卷之六》" [Complete Annals of Đại Việt, volume 6]. Chinese Text Project (in Chinese). Retrieved 11 November 2024.
- ↑ Na Nakhon, Prasert (1998), เรื่องเกี่ยวกับศิลาจารึกสุโขทัย [Stories Related to the Sukhothai Stone Inscriptions] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Thai), Bangkok: Kasetsart University, pp. 110–223, ISBN 974-86374-6-8, retrieved 30 October 2024
- 1 2 Yoneo Ishii (2004). "Exploring a New Approach to Early Thai History" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 92: 37–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2020.
- ↑ "摩崖紀功文" [Ma Nhai inscription recording merit] (in Chinese). 1335. Retrieved 16 August 2026 – via Chinese Wikisource.
- ↑ คณะกรรมการอำนวยการจัดงานฉลองสิริราชสมบัติครบ ๕๐ ปี (1999). "พระราชพงศาวดารเหนือ (เรื่องพระบรมราชา)", ประชุมพงศาวดารฉบับกาญจนาภิเษก เล่ม ๑ [Kanchanaphisek Collection of Chronicles, vol. 1] (in Thai). Bangkok: Literature and History Division, Fine Arts Department. pp. 124–125. ISBN 974-419-215-1