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Ashley Formation

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ashley Formation
Stratigraphic range: Lower Oligocene (Rupelian)
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsGettysville Member, Runnymeade Marl Member and Givhans Ferry Member.[1]
Location
RegionSouth Carolina
CountryUnited States

The Ashley Formation is a geologic formation in South Carolina. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

Vertebrate fauna

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Mammals

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Carnivorans
GenusSpeciesPresence MaterialNotesImages
Phocidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Proximal portion of a right femur (ChM PV5713).[2] "A taxon closely comparable to the most specialized phocid, the modern genus Cystophora".
Cetaceans
GenusSpeciesPresence MaterialNotesImages
Agorophius A. pygmaeus Underwater cliff face from the base of the formation.[3] A skull.[3]
Albertocetus A. meffordorum Givhans Ferry Member and Runnymede Marl Member.[4] A partial skeleton and an isolated braincase.[4] A xenorophid.
Ankylorhiza A. tiedemani AMNH 10445 (partial rostrum) and CCNHM 220 (partial skull and associated vertebrae).[5] An odontocete.
Ashleycetus A. planicapitis Near Charleston, South Carolina.[6] A partial skull.[6]
Coronodon C. havensteini "Wando River near Highway 41 Bridge, Berkeley County, South Carolina".[7] A basal mysticete.
Ediscetus E. osbornei "Slightly outside the odontocete crown group".[8]
Micromysticetus M. rothauseni 2 braincases without rostra.[9]
Saurocetus S. gibbesi [10] A cheek tooth (MCZ 8760).[11]
Xenorophus X. sloanii Incomplete skull.[12] A xenorophid.
Sirenians
GenusSpeciesPresence MaterialNotesImages
Crenatosiren C. olseni [13] A dugongid also found in the Chandler Bridge and Parachucla formations.
Stegosiren S. macei [14] A dugongid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.

Reptiles

[edit]
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
 Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Crocodilians
GenusSpeciesPresence MaterialNotesImages
Gavialosuchus G. carolinensis Dorchester County, South Carolina.[15] ChM PV 4282 (mandible).[15] Now moved to the genus Thecachampsa.
Thecachampsa T. carolinensis Dorchester County, South Carolina.[15] ChM PV 4282 (mandible).[15] A gavialoid.
Turtles
GenusSpeciesPresence MaterialNotesImages
Ashleychelys A. palmeri East bank of Limehouse Branch, Berkeley County, South Carolina.[16] A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Carolinochelys C. wilsoni MCZ 1005-A (a nearly complete skull) and ChM PV8309.[16] A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Natemys N. sp. 1 Givhan's Ferry Member.[17] CCNHM 4288 (a non-ridged carapacial ossicle).[17] A dermochelyid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
N. sp. 2 ?Givhan's Ferry Member and ?Runnymede Marl Member.[17] CCNHM 4287.1 and 4287.2 (a pair of associated non-ridged carapacial ossicles) and CCNHM

4910 (a non-ridged ossicle).[17]

 A dermochelyid.
Procolpochelys P. charlestonensis A humerus (MCZ 1005-B).[16] A cheloniid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
cf. Psephophorus cf. P. sp. Givhan's Ferry Member.[17] CCNHM 5460 (an isolated non-ridged carapacial ossicle).[17] A dermochelyid also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.

Fish

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Cartilaginous fish

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Rays
GenusSpeciesPresence MaterialNotesImages
Dasyatis "D." sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A stingray.
Mobula "M." sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A devil ray.
Plinthicus P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A tooth (SC2007.36.48).[1]
Raja R. mccollumi Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Abundant teeth.[1] A skate also found in the Chandler Bridge Formation.
"R." sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A skate, appears to be conspecific with R. sp. from the Chandler Bridge Formation.
Rhinoptera "R." sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A broken symphyseal tooth (SC2015.29.30).[1] A cownose ray.
Rhynchobatus R. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth (SC2007.36.39, SC2015.29.13, SC2015.29.32).[1] A wedgefish.
Taeniurops "T." cavernosus Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A stingray.
Sharks
GenusSpeciesPresence MaterialNotesImages
Araloselachus A. sp. May be derived from the Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1]
Carcharhinus C. gibbesi Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A large number of teeth.[1] The most common shark in the Ashley Formation sample.
Galeocerdo G. aduncus Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A ground shark.
Ginglymostomatidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A partial tooth (SC2007.36.208).[1] A nurse shark.
Hemipristis H. cf. H. serra Givhans Ferry Member.[1] 4 teeth (SC2007.36.7, SC2007.36.8, SC2007.36.9).[1] A weasel shark.
Otodus O. angustidens Ashley River, in the Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Ablated specimens.[1] A megatoothed shark.
Pachyscyllium P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A tooth (SC2007.36.5).[1] A catshark.
Physogaleus P. cf. P. contortus Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2007.36.19, SC2007.36.20 (four teeth), SC2015.29.27.[1] A ground shark.
P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2007.36.21 and SC2007.36.22.[1] A ground shark.
Pristiophorus P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] An incomplete tooth crown (SC2015.29.20).[1] A sawshark.
Scyliorhinus S. weemsi Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A catshark.
Sphyrnidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2007.36.23, SC2007.36.24, SC2007.36.25 (11 teeth), SC2007.36.26, SC2007.36.27, SC2007.36.28 (five teeth).[1] A hammerhead shark.
Squalus S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A spurdog.
Squatina S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth (SC2007.36.4, SC2007.36.126, SC2007.36.149, SC2007.36.227, SC2015.29.18, SC2015.29.19, SC2015.33.2).[1] An angelshark.
Trigonotodus T. alteri Teeth.[1] A thresher shark.

Bony fish

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Bony fish
GenusSpeciesPresence MaterialNotesImages
Albula A. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2007.36.165, SC2007.36.228 (five teeth), SC2015.29.200 (66 teeth), SC2015.29.201, SC2015.29.204.[1] A bonefish.
Archosargus A. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A sea bream.
?Calamus ?C. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A sea bream.
Diplodus D. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] SC2015.29.195 (13 teeth), SC2015.29.222, SC2015.29.223, SC2015.29.224.[1] A sea bream.
?Labridae Gen. et. sp. indet. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Multiple teeth.[1] A wrasse.
Osteoglossidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1]
Palaeocybium P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A tooth (SC2007.36.122), a neurocranium and a left dentary.[1] A scombrid.
Paralichthyidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Givhans Ferry Member.[1] A tooth (SC2015.36.259).[1] A flatfish.
?Pogonias ?P. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A croaker.
Scomberomorus S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Teeth.[1] A scombrid.
?Sciaenops ?S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Many teeth.[1] A croaker.
Sphyraena S. sp. Givhans Ferry Member.[1] Many cheek and laniary teeth.[1] A barracuda.
Trichiurides T. cf. T. sagittidens Givhans Ferry Member.[1] 2 ablated laniary teeth.[1] A cutlassfish.

See also

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References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Cicimurri, David J.; Knight, James L.; Ebersole, Jun A. (2022). "Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA". PaleoBios. 39 (1). doi:10.5070/P939056976. ISSN 0031-0298. S2CID 247912932.
  2. ↑ J., Ray, Clayton Edward. Emry, Robert (2002). Cenozoic mammals of land and sea: tributes to the career of Clayton E. Ray. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 179–183. OCLC 1035595001.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. 1 2 Godfrey, Stephen J.; Uhen, Mark D.; Osborne, Jason E.; Edwards, Lucy E. (January 2016). "A new specimen of Agorophius pygmaeus (Agorophiidae, Odontoceti, Cetacea) from the early Oligocene Ashley Formation of South Carolina, USA". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (1): 154–169. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..154G. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.4. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 132593720.
  4. 1 2 Boessenecker, Robert W.; Ahmed, Erum; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2017-11-08). "New records of the dolphin Albertocetus meffordorum (Odontoceti: Xenorophidae) from the lower Oligocene of South Carolina: Encephalization, sensory anatomy, postcranial morphology, and ontogeny of early odontocetes". PLOS ONE. 12 (11) e0186476. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1286476B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186476. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5695589. PMID 29117197.
  5. ↑ Boessenecker, Robert W.; Churchill, Morgan; Buchholtz, Emily A.; Beatty, Brian L.; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2020-08-17). "Convergent Evolution of Swimming Adaptations in Modern Whales Revealed by a Large Macrophagous Dolphin from the Oligocene of South Carolina". Current Biology. 30 (16): 3267–3273.e2. Bibcode:2020CBio...30E3267B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.012. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 32649912. S2CID 220435400.
  6. 1 2 Sanders, Albert E.; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2015-01-02). "A new basal odontocete from the upper Rupelian of South Carolina, U.S.A., with contributions to the systematics of Xenorophus and Mirocetus (Mammalia, Cetacea)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (1) e890107. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E0107S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.890107. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 85040115.
  7. ↑ Geisler, Jonathan H.; Boessenecker, Robert W.; Brown, Mace; Beatty, Brian L. (2017-07-10). "The Origin of Filter Feeding in Whales". Current Biology. 27 (13): 2036–2042.e2. Bibcode:2017CBio...27E2036G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.003. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 28669761. S2CID 36765725.
  8. ↑ Albright, L. Barry; Sanders, Albert E.; Geisler, Jonathan H. (April 2019). "An Unexpectedly Derived Odontocete from the Ashley Formation (Upper Rupelian) of South Carolina, U.S.A.". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (4): (1)-(15). doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1482555. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 92830510.
  9. ↑ Sanders Albert, E.; Barnes Lawrence, G. (2002-11-21). "Paleontology of the late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina; 2, Micromysticetus rothauseni, a primitive cetoteriid mysticete (Mammalia, Cetacea)". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 93: 271–293.
  10. ↑ L. Agassiz. 1848. [on the species Saurocetus gibbesii]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4:4-5
  11. ↑ Dooley, Alton C. Jr (2003). "A Review of the Eastern North American Squalodontidae (Mammalia: Cetacea)". Jeffersoniana (11): 1–26.
  12. ↑ Kellogg, Remington (1923). "Description of an apparently new toothed cetacean from South Carolina". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 76 (7): 1–7. hdl:10088/23638.
  13. ↑ Domning, Daryl P. (1997-06-19). "Fossil Sirenia of the west Atlantic and Caribbean region. VI. Crenatosiren olseni (Reinhart, 1976)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 17 (2): 397–412. Bibcode:1997JVPal..17..397D. doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10010984. ISSN 0272-4634.
  14. ↑ Domning, Daryl P.; Beatty, Brian L. (2019-05-04). "Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. XII. Stegosiren macei, gen. et sp. nov". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (3) e1650369. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E0369D. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1650369. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 203407242.
  15. 1 2 3 4 R.., Erickson, Bruce (1996). The estuarine crocodile Gavialosuchus Carolinensis n.sp. (Crocodylia: Eusuchia) from the late Oligocene of South Carolina, North America (PDF). Science Museum of Minnesota. OCLC 491733633.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. 1 2 3 Weems, Robert E.; Sanders, Albert E. (January 2014). "Oligocene pancheloniid sea turtles from the vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 80–99. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34...80W. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.792826. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 128543145.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Multispecies leatherback turtle assemblage from the Oligocene Chandler Bridge and Ashley formations of South Carolina, USA - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica". www.app.pan.pl. Retrieved 2022-09-11.

Further reading

[edit]
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