Apinae

Apinae
Female Tetraloniella sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Clade:	Pancrustacea
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Apidae
Subfamily:	Apinae Latreille, 1802
Tribes
Ancylaini Ancyloscelidini Anthophorini - digger bees Centridini Ctenoplectrini Emphorini Ericrocidini Eucerini - long-horned bees Exomalopsini Isepeolini Melectini Osirini Protepeolini Rhathymini Tapinotaspidini Tarsaliini Tetrapediini †Melikertini Corbiculata Shuckard, 1866 Apini - honey bees Bombini - bumblebees Euglossini - orchid bees Meliponini - stingless bees

The Apinae are the subfamily that includes the majority of bees in the family Apidae. It includes the familiar "corbiculate" (pollen basket) bees—bumblebees, honey bees, orchid bees, stingless bees, and the extinct genus Euglossopteryx. It also includes all but two of the groups (excluding Nomadinae and Xylocopinae) that were previously classified in the family Anthophoridae.

Most species in the subfamily (other than honey bees, bumblebees, and stingless bees) are solitary, though several of the tribes are entirely kleptoparasitic, such as the Ericrocidini, Isepeolini, Melectini, Osirini, Protepeolini, and Rhathymini.

Behaviors

Certain behaviors are known from members of the Apinae that are rarely seen in other bees, including the habit of males forming "sleeping aggregations" on vegetation - several males gathering on a single plant in the evening, grasping a plant with their jaws and resting there through the night (sometimes held in place only by the jaws, with the legs dangling free in space).

Also known from Apinae is the habit of gathering floral oils instead of pollen for use as a larval food; this behavior is otherwise known only from a few lineages in the family Melittidae.

External links

• BugGuide.Net: Subfamily Apinae—Honey, Bumble, Long-horned, Orchid, and Digger Bees — Images by tribe