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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhy did the list go to Alabama? To governor its space.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Alabama Governor)

Governor of Alabama
Seal of the governor
Standard of the governor
Incumbent
Kay Ivey
since April 10, 2017
Government of Alabama
Style
Status
ResidenceAlabama Governor's Mansion
Term length
  • Four years, renewable once consecutively
PrecursorGovernor of Alabama Territory
Inaugural holderWilliam W. Bibb
FormationDecember 14, 1819
(206 years ago) (1819-12-14)
SuccessionLine of succession
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Alabama
Salary$134,780 (2026)[1]
Websitegovernor.alabama.gov

The governor of Alabama is the head of government of the U.S. state of Alabama. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Alabama's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

There have officially been 54 governors of the state of Alabama; this official numbering skips acting and military governors.[2] The first governor, William W. Bibb, served as the only governor of the Alabama Territory. Five people have served as acting governor, bringing the total number of people serving as governor to 59, spread over 63 distinct terms. Four governors have served multiple non-consecutive terms: Bibb Graves, Jim Folsom, and Fob James each served two, and George Wallace served three non-consecutive periods. Officially, these non-consecutive terms are numbered only with the number of their first term. William D. Jelks also served non-consecutive terms, but his first term was in an acting capacity.

The longest-serving governor was George Wallace, who served 16 years over four terms. The shortest term for a non-acting governor was that of Hugh McVay, who served four and a half months after replacing the resigning Clement Comer Clay. Lurleen Wallace, the first wife of George Wallace, was the first woman to serve as governor of Alabama, and the third woman to serve as governor of any state. The current governor is Republican Kay Ivey, who took office on April 10, 2017 following Robert J. Bentley's resignation amidst a corruption scandal. She is the second female governor of Alabama.

Governors

[edit]

Territory of Alabama

[edit]

Alabama Territory was formed on March 3, 1817, from Mississippi Territory.[3] It had only one governor appointed by the President of the United States before it became a state; he became the first state governor.

Governor of the Territory of Alabama
Governor Term in office Appointed by
William W. Bibb
(1781–1820)
[4][5][6][7]		 September 25, 1817[a]
–
November 9, 1819
(776 days;
elected state governor)		 James Monroe

State of Alabama

[edit]
Seal for use by the governor-elect
Governor's flag before 1939

Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14, 1819.[12] It seceded from the Union on January 11, 1861,[13] and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861.[14] Following the end of the American Civil War, Alabama during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Alabama was readmitted to the Union on July 14, 1868.[15]

The first Alabama Constitution, ratified in 1819, provided that a governor be elected every two years, limited to serve no more than 4 out of every 6 years. This limit remained in place until the constitution of 1868, which simply allowed governors to serve terms of two years. The current constitution of 1901 increased terms to four years, but prohibited governors from succeeding themselves. An amendment in 1968 allowed governors to succeed themselves once; a governor serving two consecutive terms can run again after waiting out the next term.[16] The constitution had no set date for the commencement of a governor's term until 1901, when it was set at the first Monday after the second Tuesday in the January following an election. However, the Alabama Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that a governor's term ends at midnight at the end of Monday, and the next governor's term begins the next day, regardless of if they were sworn in on Monday.[16][17]

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901. According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the office of governor becomes vacant the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship.[18] The governor and the lieutenant governor are elected at the same time but not on the same ticket.

Alabama was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic-Republican and Democratic parties. It had two Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 112 years passed before voters chose another Republican. Since 2002, the state has continuously elected Republicans to the governorship.

Governors of the State of Alabama
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[b][c][19]
1 William W. Bibb
(1781–1820)
[4][5][6][7]		 November 9, 1819[20]
–
July 10, 1820
(245 days; died in office)		 Democratic-
Republican[21]		 1819 Office did not exist
2 Thomas Bibb
(1783–1839)
[22][23][24]		 July 10, 1820[d]
–
November 9, 1821
(488 days; retired)[24]		 Democratic-
Republican[27]		 Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
3 Israel Pickens
(1780–1827)
[28][29][30]		 November 9, 1821[31]
–
November 25, 1825
(1478 days; term-limited)[e]		 Democratic-
Republican[21]		 1821
1823
4 John Murphy
(d. 1841)
[33][34][35]		 November 25, 1825[36]
–
November 21, 1829
(1458 days; term-limited)[e]		 Jackson
Democrat[37]		 1825
1827
5 Gabriel Moore
(1785–1844)
[38][39][40]		 November 21, 1829[41]
–
March 3, 1831
(468 days; resigned)[f]		 Jackson
Democrat[37]		 1829
6 Samuel B. Moore
(1789–1846)
[42][43][44]		 March 3, 1831[45]
–
November 26, 1831
(269 days; lost election)		 Jackson
Democrat[27]		 Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
7 John Gayle
(1792–1859)
[46][47][48]		 November 26, 1831[49]
–
November 21, 1835
(1457 days; term-limited)[e]		 Jackson
Democrat[50]		 1831
Democratic[50] 1833
8 Clement Comer Clay
(1789–1866)
[51][52][53]		 November 21, 1835[54]
–
July 17, 1837[g]
(605 days; resigned)[h]		 Democratic[50] 1835
9 Hugh McVay
(1766–1851)
[57][58][59]		 July 17, 1837[g]
–
November 21, 1837
(128 days; retired)		 Democratic[60] Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
10 Arthur P. Bagby
(1794–1858)
[61][62][63]		 November 21, 1837[64]
–
November 22, 1841
(1463 days; term-limited)[e]		 Democratic[65] 1837
1839
11 Benjamin Fitzpatrick
(1802–1869)
[66][67][68]		 November 22, 1841[69]
–
December 9, 1845
(1479 days; term-limited)[e]		 Democratic[65] 1841
1843
12 Joshua L. Martin
(1799–1856)
[70][71][72]		 December 9, 1845[73]
–
December 16, 1847
(738 days; retired)[i]		 Independent[j] 1845
13 Reuben Chapman
(1799–1882)
[76][77][78]		 December 16, 1847[79]
–
December 17, 1849
(733 days;
lost nomination)[80]		 Democratic[75] 1847
14 Henry W. Collier
(1801–1855)
[81][82][83]		 December 17, 1849[84]
–
December 20, 1853
(1465 days; term-limited)[e]		 Democratic[85] 1849
1851
15 John A. Winston
(1812–1871)
[86][87][88]		 December 20, 1853[89]
–
December 1, 1857
(1443 days; term-limited)[e]		 Democratic[90] 1853
1855
16 Andrew B. Moore
(1807–1873)
[91][92][93]		 December 1, 1857[94]
–
December 2, 1861
(1463 days; term-limited)[e]		 Democratic[95] 1857
1859
17 John Gill Shorter
(1818–1872)
[96][97][98]		 December 2, 1861[99]
–
December 1, 1863
(730 days; lost election)[98]		 Democratic[60] 1861
18 Thomas H. Watts
(1819–1892)
[100][101][102]		 December 1, 1863[103]
–
May 3, 1865[k]
(520 days;
arrested and removed)[l]		 Whig[60] 1863
— Vacant May 3, 1865[k]
–
June 21, 1865
(50 days)		 Office vacated
after civil war
19 Lewis E. Parsons
(1817–1895)
[106][107][108]		 June 21, 1865[109]
–
December 13, 1865
(176 days; retired)		 Provisional governor
appointed by President[60]
20 Robert M. Patton
(1809–1885)
[110][111][112]		 December 13, 1865[113]
–
July 14, 1868[m]
(945 days; retired)		 Nonpartisan[n] 1865
— Wager Swayne
(1834–1902)
[122]		 March 2, 1867[o]
–
January 11, 1868
(316 days; removed)[p]		 Military occupation[q]
21 William Hugh Smith
(1826–1899)
[117][123][124]		 July 14, 1868[m]
–
November 26, 1870[r]
(866 days; lost election)		 Republican[60] 1868 Andrew J. Applegate[s]
(died August 21, 1870)
Vacant
22 Robert B. Lindsay
(1824–1902)
[126][127][128]		 November 26, 1870[129]
–
November 25, 1872
(731 days; retired)[128]		 Democratic[60] 1870[r] Edward H. Moren
23 David P. Lewis
(1820–1884)
[130][131][132]		 November 25, 1872[133]
–
November 24, 1874
(730 days; lost election)		 Republican[60] 1872 Alexander McKinstry
24 George S. Houston
(1811–1879)
[134][135][136]		 November 24, 1874[137]
–
November 27, 1878
(1465 days; retired)[t]		 Democratic[60] 1874 Robert F. Ligon
1876 Office did not exist
25 Rufus W. Cobb
(1829–1913)
[138][139][140]		 November 27, 1878[141]
–
December 1, 1882
(1466 days; retired)		 Democratic[60] 1878
1880
26 Edward A. O'Neal
(1818–1890)
[142][143][144]		 December 1, 1882[145]
–
December 1, 1886
(1462 days; retired)		 Democratic[60] 1882
1884
27 Thomas Seay
(1846–1896)
[146][147][148]		 December 1, 1886[149]
–
December 1, 1890
(1462 days; retired)[u]		 Democratic[60] 1886
1888
28 Thomas G. Jones
(1844–1914)
[150][151][152]		 December 1, 1890[153]
–
December 1, 1894
(1462 days; retired)[152]		 Democratic[60] 1890
1892
29 William C. Oates
(1835–1910)
[154][155][156]		 December 1, 1894[157]
–
December 1, 1896
(732 days; retired)[156]		 Democratic[60] 1894
30 Joseph F. Johnston
(1843–1913)
[158][159][160]		 December 1, 1896[161]
–
December 1, 1900
(1461 days; retired)[v]		 Democratic[60] 1896
1898
— William D. Jelks
(1855–1931)
[162][163][164]		 December 1, 1900
–
December 26, 1900
(26 days; acting)[w]		 Democratic[60] President of
the Senate
acting
31 William J. Samford
(1844–1901)
[166][169][170]		 December 1, 1900[w]
–
June 11, 1901
(193 days; died in office)		 Democratic[60] 1900
32 William D. Jelks
(1855–1931)
[162][163][164]		 June 11, 1901[171]
–
January 14, 1907
(2044 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
1902 Russell McWhortor Cunningham
(acted as governor
April 25, 1904–March 5, 1905)[y]
33 B. B. Comer
(1848–1927)
[176][177][178]		 January 14, 1907[179]
–
January 16, 1911
(1464 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1906 Henry B. Gray
34 Emmet O'Neal
(1853–1922)
[180][181][182]		 January 17, 1911[z]
–
January 18, 1915
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1910 Walter D. Seed Sr.
35 Charles Henderson
(1860–1937)
[185][186][187]		 January 19, 1915[188][z]
–
January 20, 1919
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1914 Thomas Kilby
36 Thomas Kilby
(1865–1943)
[189][190][191]		 January 21, 1919[192][z]
–
January 15, 1923
(1456 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1918 Nathan Lee Miller
37 William W. Brandon
(1868–1934)
[193][194][195]		 January 16, 1923[196][z]
–
January 17, 1927
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1922 Charles S. McDowell
(acted as governor
July 10, 1924–July 11, 1924)[aa]
38 Bibb Graves
(1873–1942)
[197][198][199]		 January 18, 1927[200][z]
–
January 19, 1931
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1926 William C. Davis
39 Benjamin M. Miller
(1864–1944)
[201][202][203]		 January 20, 1931[204][z]
–
January 14, 1935
(1456 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1930 Hugh Davis Merrill
38 Bibb Graves
(1873–1942)
[197][198][199]		 January 15, 1935[205][z]
–
January 16, 1939
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1934 Thomas E. Knight
(died May 17, 1937)
Vacant
40 Frank M. Dixon
(1892–1965)
[206][207][208]		 January 17, 1939[209][z]
–
January 18, 1943
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1938 Albert A. Carmichael
41 Chauncey Sparks
(1884–1968)
[210][211][212]		 January 19, 1943[213][z]
–
January 20, 1947
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1942 Leven H. Ellis
42 Jim Folsom
(1908–1987)
[214][215][216]		 January 21, 1947[217][z]
–
January 15, 1951
(1456 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1946 James C. Inzer
43 Gordon Persons
(1902–1965)
[218][219][220]		 January 16, 1951[221][z]
–
January 17, 1955
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1950 James Allen
42 Jim Folsom
(1908–1987)
[214][215][216]		 January 18, 1955[222][z]
–
January 19, 1959
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1954 William G. Hardwick
44 John M. Patterson
(1921–2021)
[223][224][225]		 January 20, 1959[226][z]
–
January 14, 1963
(1456 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1958 Albert Boutwell
45 George Wallace
(1919–1998)
[227][228][229]		 January 15, 1963[230][z]
–
January 16, 1967
(1463 days; term-limited)[x]		 Democratic[60] 1962 James Allen
46 Lurleen Wallace
(1926–1968)
[227][231][232]		 January 17, 1967[233][z]
–
May 7, 1968
(477 days; died in office)		 Democratic[60] 1966 Albert Brewer
(acted as governor
July 25, 1967)[ab]
47 Albert Brewer
(1928–2017)
[235][236][237]		 May 7, 1968[238]
–
January 18, 1971
(987 days;
lost nomination)[235]		 Democratic[60] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
45 George Wallace
(1919–1998)
[227][228][229]		 January 19, 1971[239][z]
–
January 15, 1979
(2919 days; term-limited)[ac]		 Democratic[60] 1970 Jere Beasley
(acted as governor
June 5, 1972–July 7, 1972)[ad]
1974
48 Fob James
(b. 1934)
[243][244]		 January 16, 1979[245][z]
–
January 17, 1983
(1463 days; retired)[244]		 Democratic[244] 1978 George McMillan
45 George Wallace
(1919–1998)
[227][228][229]		 January 18, 1983[246][z]
–
January 19, 1987
(1463 days; retired)[229]		 Democratic[229] 1982 Bill Baxley
49 H. Guy Hunt
(1933–2009)
[247][248]		 January 20, 1987[249][z]
–
April 22, 1993
(2285 days; removed)[ae]		 Republican[248] 1986 Jim Folsom Jr.[af]
1990
50 Jim Folsom Jr.
(b. 1949)
[252][253]		 April 22, 1993[250]
–
January 16, 1995
(635 days; lost election)		 Democratic[253] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
48 Fob James
(b. 1934)
[243][244]		 January 17, 1995[254][z]
–
January 18, 1999
(1463 days; lost election)		 Republican[244] 1994 Don Siegelman[af]
51 Don Siegelman
(b. 1946)
[255][256]		 January 19, 1999[257][z]
–
January 20, 2003
(1463 days; lost election)		 Democratic[256] 1998 Steve Windom[ag]
52 Bob Riley
(b. 1944)
[258][259]		 January 21, 2003[260][z]
–
January 17, 2011
(2919 days; term-limited)[ac]		 Republican[259] 2002 Lucy Baxley[af]
2006 Jim Folsom Jr.[af]
53 Robert J. Bentley
(b. 1943)
[261][262]		 January 18, 2011[263][z]
–
April 10, 2017
(2275 days; resigned)[ah]		 Republican[262] 2010 Kay Ivey
2014
54 Kay Ivey
(b. 1944)
[265][266]		 April 10, 2017[267]
–
Incumbent[ai]
(in office 3465 days)		 Republican[266] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
2018 Will Ainsworth
2022

Timeline

[edit]

Elections

[edit]
Gubernatorial elections of the State of Alabama
Election date Incumbent Winner Runner-up Term start date Term Definitions
Length Limit Beginning
September 20–21
1819
[21][269]		 new office[aj] William W. Bibb
Dem.-Rep., 53.8%		 Marmaduke Williams
Unknown, 46.2%		 November 9, 1819[20] 1819 constitution
Two years[270] Four out of
six years[270]		 None[ak]
August 6
1821
[21][269]		 Thomas Bibb[al]
Dem.-Rep., retiring		 Israel Pickens
Dem.-Rep., 57.4%		 Henry H. Chambers
Unknown, 42.6%		 November 9, 1821[31]
August 4
1823
[21][269]		 Israel Pickens
Dem.-Rep., running		 Israel Pickens
Dem.-Rep., 60.1%		 Henry H. Chambers
Unknown, 39.9%		 November 24, 1823[271]
August 1
1825
[37][269]		 Israel Pickens
Dem.-Rep., term-limited		 John Murphy
Dem.-Rep., 100%		 unopposed November 25, 1825[36]
August 6
1827
[37][269]		 John Murphy
Dem.-Rep., running		 John Murphy
Dem.-Rep., 99.2%		 unopposed November 26, 1827[272]
August 3
1829
[37][269]		 John Murphy
Dem.-Rep., term-limited		 Gabriel Moore
Dem.-Rep., 100%		 unopposed November 21, 1829[41]
August 1
1831
[50][269]		 Samuel B. Moore[am]
Dem.-Rep., running		 John Gayle
Dem.-Rep., 55.0%		 Nicholas Davis
Nat. Rep., 31.1%		 November 26, 1831[49]
August 5
1833
[50][269]		 John Gayle
Dem., running		 John Gayle
Dem., 100%		 unopposed November 28, 1833[273]
August 3
1835
[50][269]		 John Gayle
Dem., term-limited		 Clement Comer Clay
Dem., 65.6%		 Enoch Parsons
Whig, 34.4%		 November 21, 1835[54]
August 7
1837
[65][269]		 Hugh McVay[an]
Dem., retiring		 Arthur P. Bagby
Dem., 54.8%		 Samuel W. Oliver
Anti-Van Buren Democrat, 45.2%		 November 21, 1837[64]
August 3
1839
[65][269]		 Arthur P. Bagby
Dem., running		 Arthur P. Bagby
Dem., 92.3%		 Arthur F. Hopkins
Whig, 7.7%		 December 18, 1839[274]
August 2
1841
[65][275]		 Arthur P. Bagby
Dem., term-limited		 Benjamin Fitzpatrick
Dem., 56.9%		 James White McClung
Whig, 43.1%		 November 22, 1841[69]
August 7
1843
[75][275]		 Benjamin Fitzpatrick
Dem., running		 Benjamin Fitzpatrick
Dem., 100%		 unopposed December 8, 1843[276]
August 4
1845
[75][275]		 Benjamin Fitzpatrick
Dem., term-limited		 Joshua L. Martin
Ind., 53.5%		 Nathaniel Terry
Dem., 45.3%		 December 9, 1845[73]
August 2
1847
[75][275]		 Joshua L. Martin
Ind., retiring		 Reuben Chapman
Dem., 56.8%		 Nicholas Davis
Whig, 43.2%		 December 16, 1847[79]
August 6
1849
[85][275]		 Reuben Chapman
Dem., lost nomination		 Henry W. Collier
Dem., 98.2%		 unopposed December 17, 1849[84]
August 4
1851
[85][275]		 Henry W. Collier
Dem., running		 Henry W. Collier
Dem., 85.8%		 James Shields
Whig, 13.2%		 December 17, 1851[277]
August 1
1853
[90][275]		 Henry W. Collier
Dem., term-limited		 John A. Winston
Dem., 62.7%		 William S. Earnest
Whig, 23.1%		 December 20, 1853[89]
August 6
1855
[95][275]		 John A. Winston
Dem., running		 John A. Winston
Dem., 57.8%		 George D. Shortridge
Know Nothing, 42.2%		 December 20, 1855[278]
August 3
1857
[95][275]		 John A. Winston
Dem., term-limited		 Andrew B. Moore
Dem., 94.5%		 unopposed December 1, 1857[94]
August 1
1859
[95][279]		 Andrew B. Moore
Dem., running		 Andrew B. Moore
Dem., 72.8%		 William F. Samford
Southern Rights Dem., 27.2%		 December 1, 1859[280]
August 5
1861
[279]		 Andrew B. Moore
Dem., term-limited		 John Gill Shorter
Dem., 57.6%		 Thomas H. Watts
Whig, 42.4%		 December 2, 1861[99]
August 3
1863
[279]		 John Gill Shorter
Dem., running		 Thomas H. Watts
Whig, 77.8%		 John Gill Shorter
Dem., 22.2%		 December 1, 1863[103]
November 6
1865
[279]		 Lewis E. Parsons[ao]
Appointed, retiring		 Robert M. Patton
Nonpartisan, 45.2%		 Michael J. Bulger
Nonpartisan, 35.9%		 December 13, 1865[113] 1865 constitution
Two years[281] Four out of
six years[281]		 None[ak]
February 4
1868
[279]		 Robert M. Patton
Whig, retiring		 William Hugh Smith
Rep., 100%		 unopposed July 14, 1868[m] 1868 constitution
Two years[282] No limit[282] None[ak]
November 8
1870
[279]		 William Hugh Smith
Rep., running		 Robert B. Lindsay
Dem., 50.5%		 William Hugh Smith
Rep., 49.5%		 November 26, 1870[129]
November 5
1872
[279]		 Robert B. Lindsay
Dem., retiring		 David P. Lewis
Rep., 52.5%		 Thomas H. Herndon
Dem., 47.5%		 November 25, 1872[133]
November 3
1874
[279]		 David P. Lewis
Rep., running		 George S. Houston
Dem., 53.3%		 David P. Lewis
Rep., 46.7%		 November 24, 1874[137]
August 7
1876
[279]		 George S. Houston
Dem., running		 George S. Houston
Dem., 63.4%		 Noadiah Woodruff
Rep., 36.6%		 November 25, 1876[283] 1875 constitution
Two years[284] No limit[284] None[ak]
August 5
1878
[279]		 George S. Houston
Dem., retiring		 Rufus W. Cobb
Dem., 100%		 unopposed November 27, 1878[141]
August 2
1880
[279]		 Rufus W. Cobb
Dem., running		 Rufus W. Cobb
Dem., 76.1%		 James Madison Pickens
Greenback, 23.9%		 November 30, 1880[285]
August 7
1882
[279]		 Rufus W. Cobb
Dem., retiring		 Edward A. O'Neal
Dem., 68.7%		 James L. Sheffield
Rep., 31.3%		 December 1, 1882[145]
August 4
1884
[286]		 Edward A. O'Neal
Dem., running		 Edward A. O'Neal
Dem., 99.7%		 unopposed December 1, 1884[287]
August 2
1886
[286]		 Edward A. O'Neal
Dem., retiring		 Thomas Seay
Dem., 79.4%		 Arthur Bingham
Rep., 20.1%		 December 1, 1886[149]
August 6
1888
[286]		 Thomas Seay
Dem., running		 Thomas Seay
Dem., 77.6%		 W. T. Ewing
Rep., 22.2%		 December 1, 1888[288]
August 4
1890
[286]		 Thomas Seay
Dem., retiring		 Thomas G. Jones
Dem., 76.1%		 Benjamin M. Long
Rep., 23.1%		 December 1, 1890[153]
August 1
1892
[286]		 Thomas G. Jones
Dem., running		 Thomas G. Jones
Dem., 52.2%		 Reuben Kolb
Ind. Dem. , 47.5%		 December 1, 1892[289]
August 6
1894
[286]		 Thomas G. Jones
Dem., retiring		 William C. Oates
Dem., 57.1%		 Reuben Kolb
Pop., 42.9%		 December 1, 1894[157]
August 3
1896
[286]		 William C. Oates
Dem., retiring		 Joseph F. Johnston
Dem., 59.0%		 Albert Taylor Goodwyn
Pop., 41.0%		 December 1, 1896[161]
August 1
1898
[286]		 Joseph F. Johnston
Dem., running		 Joseph F. Johnston
Dem., 67.0%		 Albert Taylor Goodwyn
Pop., 30.3%		 December 1, 1898[290]
August 6
1900
[286]		 Joseph F. Johnston
Dem., retiring		 William J. Samford
Dem., 71.0%		 John A. Steele
Rep., 17.4%		 December 1, 1900[291]
November 2
1902
[292]		 William D. Jelks[ap]
Dem., running		 William D. Jelks
Dem., 73.7%		 John A. W. Smith
Rep., 26.3%		 January 19, 1903[293] 1901 constitution
Four years[294] Cannot succeed self[294] First Monday
after second Tuesday
in January[z]
November 6
1906
[292]		 William D. Jelks
Dem., term-limited		 B. B. Comer
Dem., 85.5%		 Asa E. Stratton
Rep., 13.9%		 January 14, 1907[179]
November 8
1910
[292]		 B. B. Comer
Dem., term-limited		 Emmet O'Neal
Dem., 78.7%		 Joseph Oswalt Thompson
Rep., 19.4%		 January 17, 1911[z]
November 3
1914
[292]		 Emmet O'Neal
Dem., term-limited		 Charles Henderson
Dem., 78.7%		 John B. Shields
Rep., 15.1%		 January 19, 1915[188][z]
November 2
1918
[292]		 Charles Henderson
Dem., term-limited		 Thomas Kilby
Dem., 80.2%		 Dallas B. Smith
Ind., 19.8%		 January 21, 1919[192][z]
November 7
1922
[292]		 Thomas Kilby
Dem., term-limited		 William W. Brandon
Dem., 77.6%		 Oliver D. Street
Rep., 21.3%		 January 16, 1923[196][z]
November 2
1926
[292]		 William W. Brandon
Dem., term-limited		 Bibb Graves
Dem., 81.2%		 J. A. Bingham
Rep., 18.8%		 January 18, 1927[200][z]
November 4
1930
[292]		 Bibb Graves
Dem., term-limited		 Benjamin M. Miller
Dem., 61.8%		 Hugh A. Locke
Ind., 38.2%		 January 20, 1931[204][z]
November 2
1934
[292]		 Benjamin M. Miller
Dem., term-limited		 Bibb Graves
Dem., 86.9%		 Edmund H. Dryer
Rep., 12.7%		 January 15, 1935[205][z]
November 8
1938
[295]		 Bibb Graves
Dem., retiring		 Frank M. Dixon
Dem., 87.4%		 W. A. Clardy
Rep., 12.5%		 January 17, 1939[209][z]
November 3
1942
[295]		 Frank M. Dixon
Dem., term-limited		 Chauncey Sparks
Dem., 89.0%		 Hugh McEniry
Rep., 10.5%		 January 19, 1943[213][z]
November 5
1946
[295]		 Chauncey Sparks
Dem., term-limited		 Jim Folsom
Dem., 88.7%		 Lyman Ward
Rep., 11.3%		 January 21, 1947[217][z]
November 7
1950
[295]		 Jim Folsom
Dem., term-limited		 Gordon Persons
Dem., 91.1%		 John S. Crowder
Rep., 8.9%		 January 16, 1951[221][z]
November 2
1954
[295]		 Gordon Persons
Dem., term-limited		 Jim Folsom
Dem., 73.4%		 Tom Abernathy
Rep., 26.6%		 January 18, 1955[222][z]
November 4
1958
[295]		 Jim Folsom
Dem., term-limited		 John M. Patterson
Dem., 88.4%		 William Longshore
Rep., 11.2%		 January 20, 1959[226][z]
November 6
1962
[295]		 John M. Patterson
Dem., term-limited		 George Wallace
Dem., 96.3%		 Frank P. Walls
Ind., 3.7%		 January 15, 1963[230][z]
November 8
1966
[295]		 George Wallace
Dem., term-limited		 Lurleen Wallace
Dem., 63.4%		 James D. Martin
Rep., 31.0%		 January 17, 1967[233][z]
November 3
1970
[295]		 Albert Brewer[aq]
Dem., lost nomination		 George Wallace
Dem., 74.5%		 John L. Cashin Jr.
Nat. Dem., 14.7%		 January 19, 1971[239][z] 1968 amendment
Can succeed
self once[16]
November 5
1974
[296]		 George Wallace
Dem., running		 George Wallace
Dem., 83.2%		 Elvin McCary
Rep., 14.8%		 January 21, 1975[297][z]
November 7
1978
[298]		 George Wallace
Dem., term-limited		 Fob James
Dem., 72.6%		 H. Guy Hunt
Rep., 25.9%		 January 16, 1979[245][z]
November 2
1982
[299]		 Fob James
Dem., retiring		 George Wallace
Dem., 57.6%		 Emory Folmar
Rep., 39.1%		 January 18, 1983[246][z]
November 4
1986
[299]		 George Wallace
Dem., retiring		 H. Guy Hunt
Rep., 56.4%		 Bill Baxley
Dem., 43.6%		 January 20, 1987[249][z]
November 6
1990
[299]		 H. Guy Hunt
Rep., running		 H. Guy Hunt
Rep., 52.1%		 Paul Hubbert
Dem., 47.9%		 January 15, 1991[300][z]
November 8
1994
[299]		 Jim Folsom Jr.[ar]
Dem., running		 Fob James
Rep., 50.4%		 Jim Folsom Jr.
Dem., 49.6%		 January 17, 1995[254][z]
November 3
1998
[299]		 Fob James
Rep., running		 Don Siegelman
Dem., 57.8%		 Fob James
Rep., 42.2%		 January 19, 1999[257][z]
November 5
2002
[299]		 Don Siegelman
Dem., running		 Bob Riley
Rep., 49.2%		 Don Siegelman
Dem., 48.9%		 January 21, 2003[260][z]
November 7
2006
[299]		 Bob Riley
Rep., running		 Bob Riley
Rep., 57.4%		 Lucy Baxley
Dem., 41.6%		 January 16, 2007[301][z]
November 2
2010
[299]		 Bob Riley
Rep., term-limited		 Robert J. Bentley
Rep., 57.6%		 Ron Sparks
Dem., 41.9%		 January 18, 2011[263][z]
November 4
2014
[302]		 Robert J. Bentley
Rep., running		 Robert J. Bentley
Rep., 63.6%		 Parker Griffith
Dem., 36.2%		 January 20, 2015[303][z]
November 6
2018
[304]		 Kay Ivey[as]
Rep., running		 Kay Ivey
Rep., 59.5%		 Walt Maddox
Dem., 40.4%		 January 15, 2019[305][z]
November 8
2022
[306]		 Kay Ivey
Rep., running		 Kay Ivey
Rep., 66.9%		 Yolanda Flowers
Dem., 29.2%		 January 17, 2023[307][z]
November 3
2026		 Kay Ivey
Rep., term-limited		 Upcoming election; results to be determined January 19, 2027[z] 2022 constitution
Four years[308] Can succeed
self once[308]		 First Monday
after second Tuesday
in January[308][z]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Records are scarce as to when Bibb was actually appointed. The territory was formed on March 3, 1817, but he was appointed by President James Monroe, who did not take office until the next day. The earliest known contemporary news report on his nomination was on May 23,[8] and other major sources say he first received his commission on September 25.[9] He was formally nominated on December 12,[10] and confirmed by the Senate on December 15.[11]
  2. ↑ The office of Lieutenant Governor was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901.[18]
  3. ↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  4. 1 2 William Wyatt Bibb died on July 10, 1820.[25] Multiple sources state that Thomas Bibb did not succeed him until either July 15[26] or July 25.[2] It is unknown if this was the formal inauguration, or if a vacancy existed in the office; it is assumed that succession was automatic, as per the constitution, and that Thomas Bibb's term began on July 10.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Under the 1819 constitution, governors were limited to no more than four years out of every term of six years.[32]
  6. ↑ Moore resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[39]
  7. 1 2 3 Sources disagree on the exact date McVay succeeded Clay, with the Alabama Department of Archives and History and National Governors Association mentioning both July 16, 1837, and July 17, though July 17 is used more prominently. However, the earliest contemporary news report of Clay's resignation is August 6.[55] Clay did not take office in the Senate until September 4.[56]
  8. ↑ Clay resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[52]
  9. ↑ One contemporary source states Martin withdrew in the final days of the election,[74] but the major sources state he simply did not run.
  10. ↑ Sources sometimes label Martin as an "Independent Democrat".[60][75]
  11. 1 2 Modern sources disagree on when Watts was removed and arrested, but contemporary news sources report he was arrested on May 3, 1865.[104][105]
  12. ↑ Watts was arrested by Union forces soon after the American Civil War ended; he was released a few weeks later.[101][102]
  13. 1 2 3 Sources, even contemporary reporting, disagree on when Smith succeeded Patton. Modern sources tend to say Patton left office on July 24, 1868,[111][112] but older sources place it on July 12,[114] July 13,[115][116] or July 14.[117][118] The journal of the Alabama Senate placed it on July 14.[119]
  14. ↑ The 1865 election was non-partisan;[120][121] politically, Patton was a Whig.[60]
  15. ↑ The date given for Swayne is the date of the first Reconstruction Act, which placed Alabama into the Third Military District; all references only say "March 1867"[111] and when the Reconstruction Acts were passed.[112]
  16. ↑ In December 1867, President Andrew Johnson ordered the removal of Major General Swayne. He was replaced on January 11, 1868, by Major General Julius Hayden.[122]
  17. ↑ The United States Congress stripped Patton of most of his authority in March 1867, after which time the state was effectively under the control of Major General Swayne.[111]
  18. 1 2 Lindsay was sworn into office on November 26, 1870, but Smith refused to leave his seat for two weeks, claiming Lindsay was fraudulently elected; he finally left office on December 8, when a court so ordered.[125]
  19. ↑ The date of Applegate's inauguration is more ambiguous than Smith's, as the Senate journal doesn't even record when he was sworn in; it is possible he was sworn in on July 13.[115]
  20. ↑ Houston was instead elected to the United States Senate.[136]
  21. ↑ Seay instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.[148]
  22. ↑ Johnston instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.[160]
  23. 1 2 Samford was ill at the start of his term on December 1,[165] and was unable to perform his duties until December 26.[166] President of the Senate Jelks acted as governor until he could take office,[167] with the formal request for him to act as governor made on December 3.[168]
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Under the 1901 constitution, governors were not eligible to succeed themselves.[172]
  25. ↑ Jelks was out of state for medical treatment for nearly a year; Lieutenant Governor Cunningham acted as governor in his absence.[173][174][175]
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 The constitutional start date for 1911 was January 16, and that is when Emmet O'Neal was sworn in.[183] However, the Supreme Court of Alabama ruled in the case of Oberhaus v. State ex rel. McNamara that, regardless of when the swearing in took place, B. B. Comer's term did not end until the end of Monday, and O'Neal's term did not begin until the first minute of the next day.[17] This precedent appears to have quietly continued, as coverage of Robert J. Bentley's inauguration in 2011 noted he would not officially take office until midnight.[184] Therefore, governors since 1911 that served to the end of their term are noted as leaving office on Monday, and their successor taking office on Tuesday.
  27. ↑ Brandon was out of state for 21 days as a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention; Lieutenant Governor McDowell acted as governor for two days.[2]
  28. ↑ Wallace was out of state for 20 days for medical treatment. Lieutenant Governor Brewer became acting governor on July 25, 1967, and Wallace returned to the state later that day.[2][234]
  29. 1 2 Under a 1968 amendment to the constitution, governors were eligible to succeed themselves once.[240]
  30. ↑ Wallace was out of state for 52 days for medical treatment following an assassination attempt while campaigning for President of the United States; Lieutenant Governor Beasley acted as governor for 32 days.[2][241][242]
  31. ↑ Hunt was convicted of illegally using campaign and inaugural funds to pay personal debts, a felony; as felons cannot serve as governor, he was removed from office, and Folsom became governor.[250] He was later pardoned by the state parole board.[251]
  32. 1 2 3 4 Represented the Democratic Party[19]
  33. ↑ Represented the Republican Party[19]
  34. ↑ Bentley resigned from office as part of a plea deal involving campaign violations.[264]
  35. ↑ Ivey's second full term began on January 16, 2023,[268] and will expire on January 18, 2027; she will be term-limited.
  36. ↑ William W. Bibb was the incumbent governor of Alabama Territory at the time of the election.
  37. 1 2 3 4 No start date was specified in the constitution; the inauguration usually occurred within a week of the election's certification.[16]
  38. ↑ Thomas Bibb succeeded William W. Bibb upon his death on July 10, 1820.[d]
  39. ↑ Samuel B. Moore succeeded Gabriel Moore upon his resignation on March 3, 1831.[45]
  40. ↑ McVay succeeded Clay upon his resignation on July 17, 1837.[g]
  41. ↑ Parsons was appointed provisional governor by President Andrew Johnson following the arrest and removal of Watts at the end of the American Civil War.
  42. ↑ Jelks succeeded Samford upon his death on June 11, 1901.[171]
  43. ↑ Brewer succeeded Wallace upon her death on May 7, 1868.[238]
  44. ↑ Folsom succeeded Hunt upon his removal on April 22, 1993.[250]
  45. ↑ Ivey succeeded Bentley upon his resignation on April 10, 2017.[267]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Governor of Alabama". Ballotpedia. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Alabama Governors". Alabama Department of Archives and History. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  3. ↑ 3 Stat. 371
  4. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 5.
  5. 1 2 McMullin 1984, pp. 1–2.
  6. 1 2 "William Wyatt Bibb". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on October 1, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  7. 1 2 Dupre, Daniel S. (September 30, 2014). "William Wyatt Bibb (1819-20)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on October 1, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  8. ↑ "none". Raleigh Register and North-Carolina Gazette. May 23, 1817. p. 3. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. The Georgia Journal says that Dr. Bibb has been appointed Governor of the Alabama Territory.
  9. ↑ The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General. United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 4 – via HathiTrust.
  10. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 15th Cong., 1st sess. p. 96 – via HathiTrust.
  11. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 15th Cong., 1st sess. p. 98 – via HathiTrust.
  12. ↑ 3 Stat. 489, 3 Stat. 608
  13. ↑ Mintz, S.; McNeil, S. (2018). "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". Digital History. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  14. ↑ Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 8, 2015
  15. ↑ Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: 15 Stat. 73. Proclamation of Alabama's ratification: 15 Stat. 704.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Kallenbach 1977, p. 28.
  17. 1 2 Oberhaus v. State ex rel. McNamara, pp. 483–499
  18. 1 2 Kallenbach 1977, pp. 29–30.
  19. 1 2 3 "Alabama Lieutenant Governors". Alabama Department of Archives and History. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  20. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1819 sess. p. 59 – via Internet Archive.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 Dubin 2003, p. 1.
  22. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 5–6.
  23. ↑ "Thomas Bibb". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 7, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  24. 1 2 Dupre, Daniel S. (May 27, 2021). "Thomas Bibb (1820-21)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  25. ↑ "Died". Hillsborough Recorder. August 16, 1820. p. 3. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ↑ Glashan 1979, p. 2.
  27. 1 2 Kallenbach 1977, p. 30.
  28. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 6–7.
  29. ↑ "Israel Pickens". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 15, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  30. ↑ Dupre, Daniel S. (June 9, 2021). "Israel Pickens (1821-25)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  31. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1821 sess. p. 29 – via Internet Archive.
  32. ↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 103, art. IV, § 4.
  33. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 7.
  34. ↑ "John Murphy". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on October 1, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  35. ↑ Bailey, Hugh C. (June 7, 2021). "John Murphy (1825-29)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  36. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1825–1826 sess. p. 24 – via Internet Archive.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 Dubin 2003, p. 2.
  38. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 8.
  39. 1 2 "Gabriel Moore". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  40. ↑ Amos Doss, Harriet E. (June 7, 2021). "Gabriel Moore (1829-31)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  41. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1829–1830 sess. p. 33 – via Internet Archive.
  42. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 8–9.
  43. ↑ "Samuel B. Moore". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 12, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  44. ↑ McDaniel, Mary Jane (June 7, 2021). "Samuel B. Moore (1831)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  45. 1 2 "none". The Star and North Carolina State Gazette. March 31, 1831. p. 3. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. On the 3d instant, Gabriel Moore, Governor of the State of Alabama and United States' Senator elect, resigned his office as Governor into the hands of Samuel B. Moore, of Jackson County, President of the Senate...
  46. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 9–10.
  47. ↑ "John Gayle". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  48. ↑ Wiggins, Sarah Woolfoolk (June 1, 2021). "John Gayle (1831-35)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  49. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1831–1832 sess. p. 38 – via Internet Archive.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dubin 2003, p. 3.
  51. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 10.
  52. 1 2 "Clement Comer Clay". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  53. ↑ Thornton, J. Mills (May 28, 2021). "Clement Comer Clay (1835-37)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  54. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1835–1836 sess. p. 30 – via Internet Archive.
  55. ↑ "By the Southern Express". The New York Herald. August 15, 1837. p. 2. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ↑ United States Senate. Journal of the Senate, 25th Cong., 1st sess. p. 5.
  57. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 10–11.
  58. ↑ "Hugh McVay". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 15, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  59. ↑ McDaniel, Mary Jane (June 4, 2021). "Hugh McVay (1837)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  60. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Kallenbach 1977, p. 31.
  61. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 11.
  62. ↑ "Athur Pendleton Bagby". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  63. ↑ McDaniel, Mary Jane (August 20, 2018). "Arthur P. Bagby (1837-41)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  64. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1837 sess. p. 36 – via Internet Archive.
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 Dubin 2003, p. 4.
  66. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 12.
  67. ↑ "Benjamin Fitzpatrick". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on July 10, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  68. ↑ Thornton, J. Mills (June 1, 2021). "Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1841-45)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  69. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1841 sess. p. 101 – via Internet Archive.
  70. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 12–13.
  71. ↑ "Joshua Lanier Martin". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  72. ↑ Bailey, Hugh C. (June 4, 2021). "Joshua L. Martin (1845-47)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  73. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1845–1846 sess. p. 57 – via Internet Archive.
  74. ↑ "none". Washington Telegraph. Washington, Arkansas. August 4, 1847. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. Gov. Martin, the Independent Democratic candidate for Governor of Alabama, has retired from the contest...
  75. 1 2 3 4 5 Dubin 2003, p. 5.
  76. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 13–14.
  77. ↑ "Reuben Chapman". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  78. ↑ Mayfield, John (May 27, 2021). "Reuben Chapman (1847-49)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  79. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1847–1848 sess. p. 69 – via Internet Archive.
  80. ↑ "Nomination for Governor". Daily State Guard. Wetumpka, Alabama. June 22, 1849. p. 2. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  81. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 14.
  82. ↑ "Henry Watkins Collier". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  83. ↑ Atkins, Leah Rawls (December 13, 2017). "Henry W. Collier (1849-53)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  84. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1849–1850 sess. p. 196 – via Internet Archive.
  85. 1 2 3 Dubin 2003, p. 6.
  86. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 14–15.
  87. ↑ "John Anthony Winston". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  88. ↑ Barney, William L. (June 10, 2021). "John A. Winston (1853-57)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  89. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1853–1854 sess. p. 220 – via Internet Archive.
  90. 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 7.
  91. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 15–16.
  92. ↑ "Andrew Barry Moore". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  93. ↑ Atkins, Leah Rawls (September 30, 2014). "Andrew B. Moore (1857-61)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  94. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1857–1858 sess. p. 153 – via Internet Archive.
  95. 1 2 3 4 Dubin 2003, p. 8.
  96. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 16.
  97. ↑ "John Gill Shorter". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 25, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  98. 1 2 McKiven, Henry M. Jr. (May 14, 2021). "John Gill Shorter (1861-63)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  99. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1861 sess. p. 207 – via Internet Archive.
  100. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 17.
  101. 1 2 "Thomas Hill Watts". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 5, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  102. 1 2 McKiven, Henry M. Jr. (June 10, 2021). "Thomas Hill Watts (1863-65)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  103. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1863 sess. p. 199 – via Internet Archive.
  104. ↑ "The Latest by Telegraph". Leavenworth Daily Conservative. May 25, 1865. p. 2. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  105. ↑ "Gov. Watts Arrested". The Daily Progress. Raleigh, North Carolina. May 30, 1865. p. 1. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  106. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 17–18.
  107. ↑ "Lewis Eliphalet Parsons". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  108. ↑ Wiggins, Sarah Woolfolk (June 8, 2021). "Lewis Eliphalet Parsons (1865)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  109. ↑ "President Johnson appoints Lewis E. Parsons, Sr. as provisional governor of Alabama," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College. Retrieved July 28, 2023
  110. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 18–19.
  111. 1 2 3 4 "Robert Miller Patton". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 22, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  112. 1 2 3 Rogers, William Warren (June 8, 2021). "Robert M. Patton (1865-67)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 22, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  113. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1865–1866 sess. p. 151 – via Internet Archive.
  114. ↑ "General News". The National Democrat. Mineral Point, Wisconsin. July 15, 1868. p. 3. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. Gen. Meade has issued orders appointing ... Wm. H. Smith to be Governor of Alabama, vice Patton removed, and A.J. Poplegate[sic] Lieutenant Governor, to take effect July 12th.
  115. 1 2 "Governor of Alabama Inaugurated". The Daily North-Carolina Standard (published July 14, 1868). July 13, 1868. p. 3. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. July 13 — Gov. Smith and Lieut. Gov. Applegate were sworn in to-day.
  116. ↑ "Alabama". The New York Herald (published July 14, 1868). July 13, 1868. p. 5. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. Governor Smith and Lieutenant Governor Applegate were sworn in to-day as provisional officers.
  117. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 19.
  118. ↑ "Alabama". The New York Times. July 22, 1868. p. 2. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your order of 14th inst., removing me from the office of Secretary of State...
  119. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1868 sess. p. 12 – via Internet Archive.
  120. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 18.
  121. ↑ Glashan 1979, p. 6.
  122. 1 2 Fitzgerald, Michael W. (June 28, 2013). "Wager T. Swayne". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  123. ↑ "William Hugh Smith". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 9, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  124. ↑ Fitzgerald, Michael W. (June 10, 2021). "William Hugh Smith (1868-1870)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  125. ↑ White, James Terry (1900). The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. James T. White & Company. p. 435 – via Internet Archive.
  126. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 19–20.
  127. ↑ "Robert Burns Lindsay". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 10, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  128. 1 2 Fitzgerald, Michael W. (June 3, 2021). "Robert Burns Lindsay (1870-72)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  129. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1870–1871 sess. p. 31 – via Internet Archive.
  130. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 20–21.
  131. ↑ "David Peter Lewis". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  132. ↑ Wiggins, Sarah Woolfolk (June 3, 2021). "David P. Lewis (1872-74)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  133. 1 2
    • "Politics in Alabama". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore (published November 26, 1872). November 25, 1872. p. 4. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
    • "none". The Tuskaloosa Blade. November 28, 1872. p. 2. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com. D. P. Lewis qualified for Governor of Alabama on the 25th inst., by taking the oath of office in the Executive Chamber
  134. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 21.
  135. ↑ "George Smith Houston". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 7, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  136. 1 2 Rogers, William Warren (June 2, 2021). "George S. Houston (1874-78)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  137. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1874–1875 sess. p. 56 – via Internet Archive.
  138. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 21–22.
  139. ↑ "Rufus Willis Cobb". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  140. ↑ Ward, Robert David (November 13, 2016). "Rufus W. Cobb (1878-82)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  141. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1878–1879 sess. p. 151 – via Internet Archive.
  142. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 22–23.
  143. ↑ "Edward Asbury O'Neal". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  144. ↑ McDaniel, Mary Jane (June 7, 2021). "Edward A. O'Neal (1882-86)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  145. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1882–1883 sess. p. 155 – via Internet Archive.
  146. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 23.
  147. ↑ "Thomas Seay". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 7, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  148. 1 2 Ward, Robert David (March 4, 2020). "Thomas Seay (1886-90)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  149. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1886–1887 sess. p. 194 – via Internet Archive.
  150. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 24.
  151. ↑ "Thomas Goode Jones". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  152. 1 2 Pruitt, Paul McWhorter Jr. (June 3, 2021). "Thomas Goode Jones (1890-94)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 27, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  153. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama Senate, 1890–1891 sess. p. 186 – via Internet Archive.
  154. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 24–25.
  155. ↑ "William Calvin Oates". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  156. 1 2 Pruitt Jr., Paul McWhorter (June 8, 2021). "William Calvin Oates (1894-96)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  157. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1894–1895 sess. p. 254 – via Internet Archive.
  158. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 25–26.
  159. ↑ "Joseph Forney Johnston". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  160. 1 2 Perman, Michael (June 2, 2021). "Joseph F. Johnston (1896-1900)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  161. 1 2 Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1896–1897 sess. p. 368 – via Internet Archive.
  162. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 26–27.
  163. 1 2 "William Dorsey Jelks". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 16, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  164. 1 2 Alsobrook, David E. (June 2, 2021). "William D. Jelks (1901-07)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  165. ↑ "Samford Is Now Governor". The Morning Times. Selma, Alabama (published December 2, 1900). December 1, 1900. p. 1. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  166. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 27.
  167. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 26.
  168. ↑ "Jelks In Charge". The Birmingham News. December 3, 1900. p. 1. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  169. ↑ "William James Samford". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  170. ↑ Rickard, Marlene Hunt (June 9, 2021). "William J. Samford (1900-01)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  171. 1 2 "Jelks Hurrying Back to Alabama". The Birmingham News. June 12, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  172. ↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 197, art. V, § 116.
  173. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 28.
  174. ↑ Rikard, Marlene Hunt (June 1, 2021). "Russell M. Cunningham (1904-05)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  175. ↑ "Russell McWorther Cunningham". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 17, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  176. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 28–29.
  177. ↑ "Braxton Bragg Comer". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 3, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  178. ↑ Harris, David Alan (October 12, 2022). "Braxton Bragg Comer (1907-11)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  179. 1 2 "Comer Takes Oath of Office As Governor of Alabama". The Birmingham News. January 14, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  180. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 29–30.
  181. ↑ "Emmet O'Neal". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  182. ↑ Rosenburg, R. B. (June 7, 2021). "Emmet O'Neal (1911-15)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  183. ↑ Betty, Berryman G. (January 16, 1911). "Notable Speeches As New Governor Takes Oath at Montgomery". The Birmingham Age-Herald (published January 17, 1911). p. 1. Retrieved October 1, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  184. ↑ White, David (January 17, 2011). "Robert Bentley Ready To Take Office As Next Alabama Governor". The Birmingham News. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2026. Bentley under state law won't officially be governor until just after the stroke of midnight Tuesday morning.
  185. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 30.
  186. ↑ "Charles Henderson". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  187. ↑ Allen, Lee N. (June 1, 2021). "Charles Henderson (1915-19)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  188. 1 2 "Henderson Takes Oath of Office As Next Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. January 19, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  189. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 30–31.
  190. ↑ "Thomas Erby Kilby". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 10, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  191. ↑ Breedlove, Michael A. (June 3, 2021). "Thomas E. Kilby (1919-23)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  192. 1 2 "New Chief Executive Takes Oath". Montgomery Advertiser. January 21, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  193. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 31–32.
  194. ↑ "William Woodward Brandon". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  195. ↑ Allen, Lee N. (December 5, 2017). "William W. Brandon (1923-27)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  196. 1 2 "Immense Crowd Cheers As William W. Brandon Takes Oath As State's Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. January 16, 1923. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  197. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 32–33.
  198. 1 2 "David Bibb Graves". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on August 13, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  199. 1 2 Flynt, J. Wayne (June 1, 2021). "David Bibb Graves (1927-31, 1935-39)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  200. 1 2 "Thousands Hear New Governor Declare for Law Enforcement After Oath Is Administered". Montgomery Advertiser. January 18, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  201. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 33.
  202. ↑ "Benjamin Meek Miller". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 13, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  203. ↑ Feldman, Glenn (June 4, 2021). "Benjamin Meek Miller (1931-35)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  204. 1 2 McCoy, Joseph R. (January 20, 1931). "10,000 Watch Inauguration of 39th Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  205. 1 2 Davis, George L. (January 15, 1935). "Col. Bibb Graves Again Assumes Alabama's Helm". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  206. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 33–34.
  207. ↑ "Frank Murray Dixon". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 10, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  208. ↑ Feldman, Glenn (June 1, 2021). "Frank M. Dixon (1939-43)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 6, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  209. 1 2 Hugger, Robert (January 17, 1939). "Spectacular Parade, Throng Feature Dixon Administration". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  210. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 34–35.
  211. ↑ "Chauncey Sparks". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 17, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  212. ↑ Jackson, Harvey H. (June 10, 2021). "Chauncey Sparks (1943-47)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  213. 1 2 "Governor's Post Passes to Sparks". Montgomery Advertiser. January 19, 1943. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  214. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 35.
  215. 1 2 "James Elisha Folsom, Sr". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 17, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  216. 1 2 Grafton, Carl; Permaloff, Anne (April 1, 2019). "James E. "Big Jim" Folsom Sr. (1947-51, 1955-59)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  217. 1 2 "Folsom Takes Oath As Governor". Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. January 20, 1947. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  218. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 36.
  219. ↑ "Seth Gordon Persons". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 10, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  220. ↑ Bass, S. Jonathan (June 9, 2021). "Seth Gordon Persons (1951-55)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  221. 1 2 Wortsman, Gene (January 15, 1951). "Gov. Persons Enjoys His Biggest Moment Amidst Gay and Festive Capital City". Birmingham Post-Herald (published January 16, 1951). p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  222. 1 2 Wortsman, Gene (January 17, 1955). "Hits at Snoopers and Informers". Birmingham Post-Herald (published January 18, 1955). p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  223. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 36–37.
  224. ↑ "John Malcolm Patterson". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 28, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  225. ↑ Grafton, Carl; Permaloff, Anne (June 7, 2021). "John M. Patterson (1959-63)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  226. 1 2 "Patterson Takes State's Highest Office". Montgomery Advertiser. January 20, 1959. p. 1A. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  227. 1 2 3 4 Sobel 1978, pp. 37–38.
  228. 1 2 3 "George Corley Wallace". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  229. 1 2 3 4 5 Eskew, Glenn T. (June 10, 2021). "George C. Wallace (1963-67, 1971-79, 1983-87)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  230. 1 2 Ingram, Bob (January 15, 1963). "Wallace Defies Federal Encroachment; 'Will Submit No More to Tyranny'". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1A. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  231. ↑ "Lurleen Burns Wallace". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  232. ↑ Eskew, Glenn T. (June 30, 2017). "Lurleen B. Wallace (1967-68)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  233. 1 2 Wasson, Don F. (January 17, 1967). "Lurleen Becomes Governor". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  234. ↑ Alabama Official and Statistical Register. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1975. p. 23. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via HathiTrust.
  235. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 39.
  236. ↑ "Albert Preston Brewer". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  237. ↑ Harvey, Gordon (November 13, 2020). "Albert P. Brewer (1968-71)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  238. 1 2 Bryant, William O. (May 7, 1968). "Brewer Sworn In As New Governor". Alabama Journal. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  239. 1 2 Wasson, Don F. (January 19, 1971). "Wallace Hints President Bid". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  240. ↑ "Amendment Is Carried". Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. November 6, 1968. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  241. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 40.
  242. ↑ Armbrester, Margaret E. (December 19, 2017). "Jere Beasley Sr. (1972)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  243. 1 2 "Forrest Hood James". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  244. 1 2 3 4 5 Stewart, William H. (June 2, 2021). "Forrest "Fob" James Jr. (1979-83, 1995-99)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  245. 1 2 Bryant, Ted (January 16, 1979). "'Bury Negative Prejudices of Past,' Gov. James Urges". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  246. 1 2 Bryant, Ted (January 18, 1983). "A 'New' Wallace Sworn for Fourth Term". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. A1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  247. ↑ "Harold Guy Hunt". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 11, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  248. 1 2 Stewart, William H. (June 6, 2021). "Guy Hunt (1987-93)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  249. 1 2 Ritchie, Bruce (January 20, 1987). "Hunt Proclaims New Day for State". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1A. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  250. 1 2 3 Burger, Frederick (April 22, 1993). "Hunt Guilty: What's Next". The Anniston Star. p. 1A. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  251. ↑ Nossiter, Adam (June 11, 1997). "Ex-Gov. Hunt of Alabama Cleared by Pardon Board". The New York Times (published June 12, 1997). p. 18. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  252. ↑ "James Elisha Folsom, Jr". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  253. 1 2 Stewart, William H. (June 1, 2021). "James E. Folsom Jr. (1993-95)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 23, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  254. 1 2 "Officials Look To Eliminate Power Delay". Selma Times-Journal. Associated Press. January 18, 1995. p. A5. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  255. ↑ "Donald Eugene Siegelman". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 17, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  256. 1 2 Webb, Samuel L.; Armbrester, Margaret E. (June 9, 2021). "Don Siegelman (1999-2003)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  257. 1 2 Bryant, Ted (January 19, 1999). "Putting Children First". Birmingham Post-Herald. p. A1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  258. ↑ "Bob Riley". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  259. 1 2 Armbrester, Margaret E. (June 9, 2021). "Robert "Bob" Riley (2003-11)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  260. 1 2 Clanton, Brett (January 21, 2003). "Good Morning, Gov. Riley". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  261. ↑ "Robert Bentley". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  262. 1 2 "Robert Bentley (2011-17)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  263. 1 2 Kitchen, Sebastian (January 18, 2011). "Governor Says State's 'Best Days Are Ahead'". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1A. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  264. ↑ Blinder, Alan (April 10, 2017). "Robert Bentley, Alabama Governor, Resigns Amid Scandal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  265. ↑ "Kay Ivey". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on August 8, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  266. 1 2 Wilson, Claire (May 1, 2020). "Kay Ivey (2017- )". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  267. 1 2 Tyler, Zach (April 11, 2017). "Governor Ivey: 'More Than Capable'". The Anniston Star. p. 1A. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  268. ↑ Chandler, Kim (January 16, 2023). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for her 2nd full term". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on January 16, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  269. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Kallenbach 1977, p. 33.
  270. 1 2 Thorpe 1909, p. 103.
  271. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1823 sess. p. 28 – via Internet Archive.
  272. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1827–1828 sess. p. 30 – via Internet Archive.
  273. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1833–1834 sess. p. 46 – via Internet Archive.
  274. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1839–1840 sess. p. 80 – via Internet Archive.
  275. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 34.
  276. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1843–1844 sess. p. 37 – via Internet Archive.
  277. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1851–1852 sess. p. 248 – via Internet Archive.
  278. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1855–1856 sess. p. 230 – via Internet Archive.
  279. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kallenbach 1977, p. 35.
  280. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1859–1860 sess. p. 107 – via Internet Archive.
  281. 1 2 Thorpe 1909, p. 126.
  282. 1 2 Thorpe 1909, p. 140.
  283. ↑ "none". Clarke County Democrat. December 7, 1876. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  284. 1 2 Thorpe 1909, p. 164.
  285. ↑ "none". Montgomery Advertiser. December 1, 1880. p. 3. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  286. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 36.
  287. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1884–1885 sess. p. 183 – via Internet Archive.
  288. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1888–1889 sess. p. 199 – via Internet Archive.
  289. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1892–1893 sess. p. 224 – via Internet Archive.
  290. ↑ Alabama General Assembly. Journal of the Alabama House of Representatives, 1898–1899 sess. p. 242 – via Internet Archive.
  291. ↑ "Samford Is Now Governor". The Morning Times. Selma, Alabama (published December 2, 1900). December 1, 1900. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  292. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 37.
  293. ↑ "Governor Took Oath of Office at Noon Today". The Birmingham News. January 19, 1903. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  294. 1 2 Thorpe 1909, p. 197.
  295. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 38.
  296. ↑ Kallenbach 1977, p. 39.
  297. ↑ "GCW Begins Ninth Year As Governor". Dothan Eagle. Associated Press. January 21, 1975. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  298. ↑ Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1979. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1979. pp. 294–296. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Internet Archive.
  299. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Election Results Archive - Governor" (XLS). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (XLS) from the original on March 22, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  300. ↑ Roberts, Peggy (January 15, 1991). "Sworn in: Hunt Begins Second Term". Montgomery Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  301. ↑ Chandler, Kim (January 16, 2007). "These Are Remarkable Days". The Birmingham News. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  302. ↑ "Canvass of Results, General Election, November 4, 2014" (PDF). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  303. ↑ Lyman, Brian (January 20, 2015). "Bentley Starts 2nd Term". Montgomery Advertiser. p. A3. Retrieved October 2, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  304. ↑ "Certified General Election Results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 23, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  305. ↑ Chandler, Kim (January 14, 2019). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for first full term". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on May 27, 2025. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  306. ↑ "Final Canvass of Results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Alabama. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2026. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  307. ↑ Chandler, Kim (January 16, 2023). "Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey sworn in for her 2nd full term". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved October 2, 2026.
  308. 1 2 3 "Constitution of Alabama 2022, art. V, § 116". Retrieved October 2, 2026.

Bibliography

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