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1360s

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 1360s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1360, and ended on December 31, 1369.

Events

1360

January–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1361

January–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1362

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]
  • October 13 – The English Parliament is opened for the first time with a speech in English, as delivered by the Lord Chancellor, after having been opened for centuries with a speech in Latin.[24] Under Edward III, the Pleading in English Act makes English rather than Law French the official language in English law courts.[19][25] Sir Henry Green, Chief Justice of the King's Speech, is elected as the Speaker of the House of Lords.
  • October 28 – Guillaume de Grimoard, the apostolic legate to the Kingdom of Naples, is selected in absentia as the new Pope of the Roman Catholic Church after 30 days of disagreements in Avignon on a successor, in that none of the proposed candidates receives the require two-thirds (14 of 20) necessary votes. Rather than informing Grimoard of his election, the cardinals send a message to Florence, stating that they wish to consult with him at Avignon, in that Grimoard (who wishes to keep the papacy at Avignon rather than returning it to Rome) might be detained by authorities in Italy. Grimoard reaches Avignon after nine days of travel from Florence, and takes the papal name of Pope Urban V.[26]
  • October 30 – The English Parliament ends its session after 17 days, and royal assent is given by King Edward III to laws passed therein, including the Purveyance Acts 1363, limiting government purchases to the King and Queen (or authorized representatives), and penalties for purveyors who violate the law, as well as the Parliament Act 1363 ("A parliament shall be holden once in the year.")[27]
  • November 6 – Pope Urban V is crowned after his arrival in Avignon and his consecration as a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, after having been elected on October 28.
  • November 13 – Lionel of Antwerp, the second son of King Edward III of England, is created Duke of Clarence.[28] and John of Gaunt, King Edward's third son, is created Duke of Lancaster [29]
  • December 5 – The Battle of Launac is fought in France between Jean II, Count of Armagnac and Gaston III Febus, Count of Foix. Not only does Febus triumph in battle, supported by a archers for Foix who fire a volley of arrows into the Armagnac cavalry, Count Jean II and most of the Armagnac leaders are captured as prisoners of war and held for a total ransom of 600,000 gold florins, each with 3.5g of pure gold, equal to 2,100 kilograms (more than 74,000 ounces) of gold. Of this, 300,000 florins are paid for the release of Count Jean.[30]
  • December 21 – Constantine IV succeeds his cousin, Constantine III, as King of Armenia.

Date unknown

[edit]

1363

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1364

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1365

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1366

January – March

[edit]

April – June

[edit]
  • April 17 – Paul of Thebes is appointed by Pope Urban V as the new Latin Patriarch of Constantinople[91]
  • April 26 – Simon Islip, the Archbishop of Canterbury since 1349, dies at Mayfield, Sussex, three years after having suffered a stroke that deprived him of the power of speech, beginning a vacancy that lasts for a year and a half after Bishop William Edington, declines to become the leader of the English Roman Catholic Church.[92]
  • May 4 – The English Parliament assembles at Westminster, but the session adjourns on May 11 without any accomplishments, and does not meet again until 1368.
  • May 10 – King Edward III elects William Edgington, Bishop of Winchester, as the new Archbishop of Canterbury, but Edgington declines the office for reasons of health.[93]
  • May 25 – Arnaud de Cervole, who had assembled a group of mercenaries to join a crusade against the Turks in Hungary, is murdered by his own men while they are encamped on the Rhône river in France near Mâcon.[94]
  • May 29 – After the city councilmen of Bremen refuse to comply with the orders of Bremen's Archbishop-Prince Albert II of Brunswick, troops sent by Albert invade the city, drive out the existing council, and burn the symbol of Bremen's autonomy, the Bremen Roland.[95]
  • June 8 – Having raised funding in Pavia and stopped in Padua on June 1 with his fleet, Amadeus of Savoy and his troops arrive at the Republic of Venice, where the Republic provides him additional support.[84]
  • June 21 – The Savoyard crusade reaches its next phase as Amadeus and his troops depart from Venice toward Bulgaria.[84]
  • June 27 – Count Conrad II of Oldenburg captures the city of Bremen and drives out troops that had been sent by Albert II of Brunswick to end the city's autonomy. Members of the city council, who had been installed temporarily by Albert to replace the existing council members, are beheaded and the autonomy of Bremen and neighboring Stade is restored.[95]
  • June 28 – King Lajos of Hungary issues the Decree of Turda in what is now Romania, granting special privileges to nobles of the province of Transylvania "in order to remove, from this country, malefactors belonging to any nation, especially Romanians," including the power to take measures against non-resident Romanian landowners.[96]

July – September

[edit]

October – December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1367

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1368

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1369

January–March

[edit]
  • January 17 – Peter the Fat becomes the new King of Cyprus when his father, King Peter I, is stabbed to death while in bed at the Palace of La Cava in Nicosia. The murder is carried out by a group of noblemen, led by Philip of Ibelin, Henry of Jubail, John of Gaurelle, and James of Nores, along with some outlaws freed from imprisonment earlier in the evening.[154]
  • January 25 – King Charles of France sends a summons to Edward the Black Prince, who is residing at Bordeaux, demanding that Edward appear before the King in Paris to answer for Edward's assessment of taxes on the people of Aquitaine. The Black Prince reportedly responds with the threat "We will willingly attend at Paris on the day appointed since the King of France sends for us, but it shall be with our helmet on our head and 60,000 men in our company".[155]
  • February 19 – Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II, the Muslim Caliph of Tunis, is killed in a shipwreck at the age of 32 and is succeeded by his 12-year-old son Abu-al-Baqa Khalid II.[156]
  • February – Vladislav I of Wallachia liberates Vidin from the Hungarians, resulting in the restoration of Ivan Sratsimir on the throne of Bulgaria, in the autumn.
  • March 14 – King Pedro of Castile loses the Battle of Montiel to French soldiers led by Bertrand du Guesclin and Castilians led by his half-brother, Enrique. Pedro takes refuge in a fortress and offers du Guesclin 200,000 gold coins and a promise of several towns in Castile, in return for betraying Enrique. Afterwards, du Guesclin informs Enrique of the offer.[157]
  • March 18 – In a period of a few days, more than 800 communities in the Duchy of Aquitaine send requests to King Charles V of France for aid in escaping England's rule.
  • March 23 – Enrique of Castile assassinates King Pedro of Castile after Pedro is betrayed by Bertrand du Guesclin.[157]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]
  • July 9 – Lusignan of Cyprus leads the Cypriots in an unsuccessful attack on Alexandria in Egypt, then retreats, attacks Sidon again on July 19 and then is force by the weather to return to Cyprus, landing back at Famagusta on July 22.
  • July 20 –
    • In the continued conquest of Yuan dynasty China by the Ming dynasty, General Chang Yuchun captures the Yuan capital, Shangdu, forcing the Yuan Emperor Huizong to flee further northward.[161]
    • The kingdoms of England and Scotland sign a 14-year-truce.Dowden, John (1912). The Bishops of Scotland. Glasgow: J. Maitland Thomson.
  • August 15 – Philippa of Hainault, wife of King Edward III, dies after 39 years as Queen consort of England.[167]
  • August 23 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, lands with English troops at Calais to begin a raid in France while Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, assembles troops to confront the English invasion. The standoff continues while Lancaster waits for additional troops from the Earl of Warwick.
  • August 24 – Danish–Hanseatic War (1361–1370): After an 18-month siege by the armies of the Hanseatic League and the Kingdom of Sweden, Denmark recaptures Lindholmen Castle and forces a retreat by King Albert of Sweden along with the Hansa and Swedish forces.[168]
  • August 29 – Vladislav I of Wallachia obtains, by permission from the King of Hungary, control of the Transylvanian duchies of Almas and Fagaras
  • September 2 – Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, is forced to disband the army that he had assembled to capture Normandy from the control of England, after being ordered by King Charles V of France.
  • September 22 – Ludovico II Gonzaga becomes the new Lord of Mantua upon the death of his father, Guido Gonzaga.[169]
  • September 29 – The Treaty of Scharding is signed between Duke Albrecht III of Austria and Duke Stephen II of Bavaria to end the dispute over control of Tyrol.[170]
  • September – Hundred Years' War: The French burn Portsmouth, England;[171] the English raid Picardy and Normandy.[172]

October–December

[edit]
  • October 18 – John V Palaiologos, partiarch of Constantinople and leader of the Eastern Orthodox Christian faith, meets in Rome with the Roman Catholic Pope Urban V and agrees to recognize the Pope as the leader of all Christendom, after negotiation between Rome and Constantinople had been made by Demetrios Chrysoloras.[173]
  • November 30 – Hundred Years' War: Charles V of France recaptures most of Aquitaine from the English.[172]
  • December 7 – The Estates General in France approves the request by King Charles V to raise taxes in order to finance the renewed war with England.
  • December 25 – Frederick the Simple, King of Sicily, issues an order on Christmas Day directing all Jews on the island to wear a red badge identifying their heritage.S. O. "Sicily". The Jewish Encyclopedia. p. 324. The wearing of a special badge was ordered by the same monarch on Dec. 25, 1369. The badge consisted of piece of red material, not smaller than the largest royal seal; men were required to wear it, under the chin, and women on the breast.
  • December – Financed by Charles V of France, Welshman Owain Lawgoch launches an invasion fleet against the English, in an attempt to claim the throne of Wales.A storm causes Owain to abandon the invasion. [174]

Dates unknown

[edit]

Significant people

[edit]

Births

1360

1361

1362

1363

1364

1365

1366

1367

1368

1369

Deaths

1360

1361

1362

1363

1364

1365

1366

1367

1368

1369

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Chronology of Sweden". worldtimeline.info. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  2. ↑ Mikael Nordberg, I kung Magnus tid (In the Times of King Magnus) ISBN 91-1-952122-7
  3. ↑ Sumption 2001, p. 448.
  4. 1 2 Twitchett, Denis (1998). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 9780521243322.
  5. ↑ George Vernadsky, "The Mongols and Russia".
  6. ↑ "Historical Kırkpınar oil wrestling festival kicks off in northwestern Turkey". DailySabah. 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  7. ↑ Bauden, Frédéric. "The Qalawunids: A Pedigree" http://mamluk.uchicago.edu/qalawunids/qalawunid-pedigree.pdf (PDF). University of Chicago. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  8. ↑ "History". www.unipv.eu (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2017-12-15. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
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  12. ↑ Nordberg, Michael. I kung Magnus tid: Norden under Magnus Eriksson (1317–1374). Norstedt. p. 77. ISBN 9789119521224.
  13. 1 2 Fernández-Puertas, Antonio (1997). "The Three Great Sultans of al-Dawla al-Ismā'īliyya al-Naṣriyya Who Built the Fourteenth-Century Alhambra: Ismā'īl I, Yūsuf I, Muḥammad V (713–793/1314–1391)". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 7 (1). Cambridge University Press: 18.
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  31. 1 2 History of Ming, Vol.133
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  84. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cox, Eugene L. (1967). The Green Count of Savoy: Amadeus VI and Transalpine Savoy in the Fourteenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 206–224.
  85. ↑ "St. Euphrosyne the Princess, (Eudocia) of Moscow", Orthodox Church in America
  86. ↑ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1893). "Lovekyn, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  87. ↑ Coffey, Padraic (2021). This Day in Irish History. O'Brien Press. ISBN 9781788493116.
  88. ↑ Ormrod, W. M. (January 2008b) [2004]. "Lionel, duke of Clarence (1338–1368)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16750. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  89. 1 2 López de Ayala, Pero (1780). "Crónica de don Enrique II" [The Chronicle of Don Enrique II] (PDF). Cronicas de los Reyes de Castilla (Chronicles of the Kings of Castille).
  90. ↑ Previte-Orton, C.W. (1952). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History: The Twelfth Century to the Renaissance. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 795–796.
  91. ↑ "Patriarch Paolo de Tebe". Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
  92. ↑ Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
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