Uttrad (Region)
Uttrad
| |
|---|---|
Region | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Province | Sindh |
| Languages | |
| • Main language | Sindhi |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
Uttrad (Sindhi: اُتراد) also known as Uttarad or Siro is a historical and linguistic region in Sindh[1] consisting of the entirety of the Northern Sindh province.[2][3] the Northern Sindh districts of Shikarpur, Sukkur, Kashmore, Jacobabad, Larkana, Ghotki, Nausharo Feroz, Qambar Shahdadkot, half of Khairpur and north of Dadu District till Sehwan is included in this region.[4][5] The dialect of Sindhi spoken in Uttrad is presently called Utradi and was historically referred to as "Siroli".[6][7][8]
Etymology
[edit]Uttrad is derived from the Sindhi word Utar (اتر) meaning North.[9]
Dialect
[edit]The Dialect of Sindhi language spoken in the Uttrad Region is presently called Utradi[10] while historically it was referred to as Siroli.[11][12]
This dialect features certain pronunciations and grammatical traits that make it distinct from other dialects. It has a slight influence influenced by neighboring languages, namely Balochi and Saraiki. Among the features that set it apart from standard Sindhi, the first-person singular pronoun "maan" (meaning "I") remains unchanged across its nominative, accusative, prepositional, and other grammatical cases. Additionally, when forming the plural of feminine nouns ending with a Zabar (short vowel /a/), the suffix "-aan" is added (for example, khat becomes khattan).[13]
History
[edit]The ancient city of Aror in Uttrad was the capital of the Pre-Islamic Rai and Chach dynasties of Sindh, after the Arab conquest of Sindh the city of Aror became an influential city in Ummayad and Abbasid Sindh.[14][15][16][17][18]
See Also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ Sheedai, Rahimdad Molai (1958). Janat ul Sindh (in Sindhi). Sindhi Adabi Board. p. 25.
- ↑ Trumpp, Ernest (1872). Grammar of the Sindhi Language Compared with the Sanskrit-Prakrit and the Cognate Indian Vernaculars. London: Trübner and Co. p. 64.
- ↑ Afaque, Huma (2024). The Cultural and Geological Heritage of Sindh: A Historical Overview. GRIN Verlag. p. 2. ISBN 9783389040546.
- ↑ Cunningham, Alexander (1871). The Ancient Geography of India: The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang. Vol. 1. London: Trübner and Company. p. 249.
- ↑ Prem, Hidayat (1995). Utradi Boli (in Sindhi). Hyderabad: Sindhi Language Authority. p. 15.
- ↑ Bughio, Muhammad Qasim (1998). Sindhi Boli: Lisaniyat Kha Samaji Lisaniyat Tayin (in Sindhi). Karachi: Sindhica Academy. p. 34.
- ↑ Cust, Robert Needham (1878). A Sketch of the Modern Languages of the East Indies. London: Trübner & Company. p. 44.
- ↑ Beames, John (1872). A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: On Sounds. London: Trübner & Company. p. 99.
- ↑ "Uttaradi". 1919.
- ↑ Bughio, Muhammad Qasim (1998). Sindhi Boli: Lisaniyat Kha Samaji Lisaniyat Tayin (in Sindhi). Karachi: Sindhica Academy. p. 34.
- ↑ Cust, Robert Needham (1878). A Sketch of the Modern Languages of the East Indies. London: Trübner & Company. p. 44.
- ↑ Prem, Hidayat (1995). Utradi Boli (in Sindhi). Hyderabad: Sindhi Language Authority. p. 15.
- ↑ Mallah, Mukhtiar Ahmed (2015). Adabi Istalahan Ji Tashrihi Lughat (PDF) (in Sindhi). Hyderabad: Sindhi Language Authority. ISBN 978-969-625-035-7.
- ↑ Handbook of the Punjab, Western Rajputana, Kashmir, and Upper Sindh. John Murray. 1883. p. 293. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
Aror.--While at Rorhi, a visit may be paid to the very ancient town of Aor, which is only 5 m. distant to the E. This was the capital of the Hindu Rajas of Sindh and was taken from them by the Muslims, under Muhammad Kasim, about 711 A.D. At that time the Indus washed the city of Battle of Aror, but it was diverted from it by an earthquake about 962 A.D., at which the river entered its present channel.
- ↑ Singh, Kumar Suresh; Ghosh, Tapash Kumar; Nath, Surendra (1996). People of India: Delhi. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 9788173040962. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
The Arora or Rora is a community of traders of the south-western part of the Punjab. Their origin according to the Bhavishya Purana, can be traced back to the time of Parshuram, who in anger started killing the Kshatriyas. In this process, Parshuram met a Kshatriya who refused to oppose the Brahmans, and winning Parshuram's respect, was asked to go to Sindh to setde there. Later, the place came to be known as Arutkot or Arorkot. His progeny are called Aroras.
- ↑ "The News on Sunday (TNS) » Weekly Magazine - The News International". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
More than a thousand years ago Arore (also known as Alore) was the capital of Sindh, and the boundaries of this Hindu kingdom extended far and wide.
- ↑ Commissioner, India Census (1912). Census of India, 1911 ... Printed at the Government central Press. p. 445.
The Arora or Rora is evidently connected with Arorkot near Rori (Sukkur), the ancient capital of Sindh .
- ↑ Malhotra, Anshu (2002). Gender, Caste, and Religious Identities: Restructuring Class in Colonial Punjab. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195656480. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
The Aroras were also said to be the Khatris of Arorkot, or Aror, the ancient capital of Sindh.