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Ormur

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Burki Pashtun Tribe
  • برکي
  • اورمړ
Pashtun tribe
Children in Waziristan
EthnicityPashtun
Location
  •  Pakistan
  •  Afghanistan
  •  India
Parent tribeSarbani Pashtun
BranchesKhekani, Khurramchawni, Mullatani, Jarrani, Baiksi, Babakhel, Walikhel, Lali Khel, Essa Khel, Musa Khel
LanguageOrmuri, Pashto, Dari
Religion Islam

The Burki, also called Baraki or Ormur, is one of the largest Pashtun tribes from the Sarbani Confederacy.[1][2] Their traditional homeland is in Logar Province, Afghanistan and Waziristan, Pakistan, but they have also settled in Baraki Barak and Puli Alam, Ghazni, Paktia, Kabul in Afghanistan, Kaniguram, Mirali, Dera Ismail Khan, Tank, Bannu, Orakzai District, Torghar, Ormur, Peshawar, and Lahore in Pakistan, and Jalandhar in India.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, the Burki tribe is called "Boki" or "Boki Khel".[12]

Origin

According to Pashtun genealogical traditions, the Burki are regarded as a Pashtun tribe and are traditionally associated with the Sarbani branch of the Pashtuns. Historical sources describe the Burki as one of the ancient Pashtun tribes, with their traditional homeland centered around Kaniguram in South Waziristan and Baraki Barak in Logar Province in Afghanistan. Over time, Burki communities also settled in other parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India. The tribe has a long history of military service, political influence, and participation in major events in Pashtun history.[13][14]

History

The Burki are one of the major Pashtun tribes. They are traditionally known for their bravery, warrior spirit, and hospitality. Historical accounts describe the Burki tribe as having taken part in many of the major conflicts involving the Pashtuns. Whether fighting against the Mughals, the British, the Sikhs, or the Marathas, members of the Burki tribe are recorded in various historical sources as participating in these struggles. Because of their long military tradition and active role in warfare, the Burki tribe has often been described as a warrior tribe.[15]

A well-known tradition about the Burki tribe states that when Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni launched multiple campaigns against Somnath, he initially faced strong resistance. He was later advised to seek the assistance of the brave warriors of the Burki tribe. According to tradition, the Burki warriors joined Mahmud's army and played an important role in the Somnath campaign, which ultimately resulted in the conquest of Somnath.[16]

Roshani Movement

The Roshani Movement was one of the major movements in Pashtun history. It was founded by Pir Roshan, who launched the movement in opposition to the Mughal Empire. Many Pashtun tribes joined the movement and fought together against the Mughals.[citation needed]

After the death of Pir Roshan, his son Pir Jalala Khan became the leader of the movement and continued the struggle against the Mughal forces. He was later succeeded by Ahdad Khan, and afterwards by Abdul Qadir, who continued the resistance and inflicted several major defeats on the Mughal armies. According to historical traditions, these leaders belonged to the Burki tribe.[17][18][19]

Language and demographics

Ormuri is the first language of the Ormurs living in Kaniguram and its vicinity in South Waziristan. Today, all members of the tribe are bilingual in Ormuri and the local Pashto dialect of Waziristani (Maseedwola).[20] They are also found in Baraki Barak in Logar and Kabul and in the outskirts of Ghazni in Afghanistan. However, Pashto Urdu and Dari have replaced the Ormuri language.[citation needed]

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ Hayat Khan, Muhammad (2002). Hayat-i-Afghani. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
  2. ↑ Elphinstone, Mountstuart (1815). An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul. Vol. 2. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown.
  3. ↑ Harwi, Naimatullah (1612). Makhzan-i-Afghani (in Persian).
  4. ↑ Bellew, H. W. (1891). An Inquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan. London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  5. ↑ Hayat Khan, Muhammad (1865). Hayat-i-Afghani. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
  6. ↑ Caroe, Olaf (1958). The Pathans: 550 B.C.–A.D. 1957. Macmillan.
  7. ↑ Caroe, Olaf (1958). The Pathans: 550 B.C.–A.D. 1957. Macmillan.
  8. ↑ Khattak, Sohail (6 December 2011). "Ormuri: The silent victim of militancy". The Express Tribune. Rozi Khan Burki is one of the few people who have carried out detailed research on the language. In his book written purely in Ormuri, he claims that the similarities between Pashtun and Ormuri people persist because Ormur was the grandson of Qasi Abdur Rasheed – the forefather of all Pashtun tribes. "They are originally Pashtuns who migrated in 1025 to Kaniguram from Logar, Afghanistan. Their language was initially known as 'Burgista' but now it has become Ormuri," he said.
  9. ↑ Yousafzai, Arshad (1 July 2018). "Bringing Ormuri back from the dead". The News International. The area belongs to the Burki tribe of Pashtuns but their mother tongue is not Pashto -- they speak Ormuri (...) "Burki is purely a Pashtun tribe. We are Pashtuns. No one has the right to question our identity," stated the language preservationist, adding, that it is not essential for all Pashtun tribes to speak only Pashto.
  10. ↑ Adamec, Ludwig W. (2018). Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
  11. ↑ "Isolate language from the mountains of Waziristan faces extinction". 25 March 2014.
  12. ↑ Leech, Robert (1838). "A Vocabulary of the Baraky Language". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 7.
  13. ↑ Barthold, V. V. (1984). An Historical Geography of Iran. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  14. ↑ Grierson, George A. (1921). Linguistic Survey of India. Vol. 10. Calcutta: Government of India.
  15. ↑ Caroe, Olaf (1958). The Pathans: 550 B.C.–A.D. 1957. Macmillan.
  16. ↑ Grierson, George A. (1921). Linguistic Survey of India. Vol. 10. Calcutta: Government of India.
  17. ↑ Ansari, Bayazid (1975). Khair-ul-Bayan. Kabul: Kabul University.
  18. ↑ Hayat Khan, Muhammad (2002). Hayat-i-Afghani. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
  19. ↑ Spain, James W. (1972). The Pathans. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
  20. ↑ Burki, Rozi (12 July 2001). "Dying Languages; Special Focus on Ormuri".

Further reading

  • Sufi Illuminati: The Rawshani Movement in Muslim Mysticism, Society and Politics by Sergei Andreyev Publisher: Routledge ISBN 978-0-7007-0668-6
  • The Rawshaniyya: Sufi movement in the Mughal tribal periphery, in Late Classical Sufism. (Curzon Persian Art & Culture) (Hardcover) Sergei Andreyev
  • Khan, Imran (2011). Pakistan: A Personal History. Bantam ress. ISBN 978-0-593-06774-1.
  • Warrior Race – Imran Khan – Butler & Tanner Ltd ISBN 0-7011-3890-4
  • Olaf Caroe, The Pathans
  • Roshaniya movement and the Khan Rebellion – Author: Yury V. Bosin
  • Punjab Notes and Queries Volume II, Page 160 (History of Bayezid) Desiples of Sheikh Bazid – Pathans of Mastwi – Tirah (FYI)
  • Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall – Geschichte der Assassinen
  • Dabistan of Mohsani Fani (Translated by Leyden, 11th Volume of the Asiatic Researches (Pages 406, 407, 420 (Ala Dad))
  • Memoirs of the Saints, translated by Dr. Bankley Behari
  • Rawshaniyya movement ... Reprinted from Abr-Nahrain, by Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi (Author) ASIN: B0017UJT6S
  • The beginning of Pashtun written culture and the Rawshaniyyah movement, in Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, to be published in 1999
  • Religious factor in the traditional Pashtun warfare, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Weaponry and Warfare in Historical and Social Perspective, Hermitage Press, St Petersburg, 1998, pp. 55–59
  • Uwaysi Aspects in the Rawshani Doctrine, in Central Asia and the Eastern Hindukush. Countries and Peoples of the East journal, vol. XXXII, St Petersburg, 1998, pp. 137–148
  • The Rawshaniyya; Millenarian Sufi Movement in the Mughal Tribal Periphery, in Persianate Sufism in the Safavid and Mughal Period. An International Conference on Late Classical Sufism, London 19–21 May 1997, Abstracts, pp. 7–8
  • British Indian Views of the Later Followers of the Rawshaniyya, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, in Iran, vol. XXII, London, 1994, pp. 135–138
  • Turmoil on the Roof of the World, in Central Asia and the Caucuses in World Affairs, Hastings, 1993, pp. 1–5
  • Notes on the Ormur People, in St Petersburg Journal of Oriental Studies, vol. IV, St Petersburg, 1993, pp. 230–238
  • On a Little-Known Rawshani Source, in: Man, Culture, Philosophy, The Urals University Press, Yekaterinburg, 1992, pp. 335–349 (In Russian)
  • Two Rawshani Sources on Five Pillars of Islam, in: St Petersburg Journal of Oriental Studies, vol. I, St Petersburg, 1992, pp. 380–384 (in Russian)
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