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Murrumbidgee Group
Stratigraphic range: Early Devonian (Pragian–Emsian), 413.02–393.47 Ma
TypeGeological group[1]
Sub-unitsCavan Limestone Formation, Majurgong Formation, Taemas Limestone Formation[1]
UnderliesHatchery Creek Group[1]
OverliesBlack Range Group[1]
ThicknessBetween 1,000 m (3,300 ft) and 1,100 m (3,600 ft) (Taemas Limestone in the Goodradigbee Valley)[1]
Lithology
PrimaryLimestone
OtherSiltstone, sandstone, shale, quartzite[2]
Location
LocationYass Valley, New South Wales
Coordinates34°58′35″S 148°37′23″E / 34.976389°S 148.623056°E / -34.976389; 148.623056
RegionNew South Wales
CountryAustralia
Murrumbidgee Group is located in Australia
Murrumbidgee Group
Murrumbidgee Group (Australia)
Murrumbidgee Group is located in New South Wales
Murrumbidgee Group
Murrumbidgee Group (New South Wales)

The Murrumbidgee Group is an Early Devonian (Pragian–Emsian) geologic group located around the Burrinjuck Dam in Yass Valley LGA, New South Wales, Australia, near the border with the Australian Capital Territory.[1] In the Taemas-Wee Jasper area, it consists of three formations: The oldest Cavan Limestone Formation, the middle Majurgong Formation, and the youngest Taemas Limestone Formation. In addition, the Taemas section is split into six constituent members.[1] The Cavan Limestone Formation is also known as the Cavan Bluff Limestone.[3][4] Below is a table of the full stratigraphical layout of the Murrumbidgee Group in the eastern outcrop:

Formation Member (Mbr) Other
Taemas Crinoidal Limestone Mbr 'Upper Reef Formation'[1]
Warroo Limestone Mbr
Receptaculites Limestone Mbr
Bloomfield Limestone Mbr
Currajong Limestone Mbr
Spinella yassensis Limestone Mbr
Majurgong
Cavan

The Burrinjuck area has been said to possess immense national and international significance and preserve a diverse fauna comparable to those of World Heritage listed sites.[1] This fauna is indeed quite speciose even if fossils tend to be mainly isolated yet finely preserved bones, and not only includes the dominant placoderms and other fishes, but also corals, bryozoans, stromatoporoids, brachiopods, gastropods, nautiloids and trilobites. However, reliable stratigraphic ranges for individual taxa are not possible due to most species being described on said isolated bones.[5]

Fossil content

[edit]

Agnatha

[edit]
Genus Species Horizon Clade Images
Turinia sp. cf. T. australiensis[6] Uppermost Cavan and basal Majurgong Formations Thelodontiformes,
Turiniidae

Chondrichthyes

[edit]
Genus Species Horizon Clade Images
Cheiracanthoides C. comptus[7] Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Climatiiformes,
Climatiidae
Ohiolepis O. sp.[7] Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Elasmobranchii incertae sedis
"Skamolepis" S. fragilis[6][7] Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Chondrichthyes incertae sedis
Taemasacanthus T. cooradigbeensis[8] Currajong Limestone Mbr, Taemas Ischnacanthiformes,
Ischnacanthidae
Diagram of the left dentary of T. erroli.
T. erroli[9][3][10] Cavan & S. yassensis Mbr, Taemas
T. narrengullenensis[8] Currajong & Bloomfield Limestone Mbrs, Taemas
T. porca[3] Cavan
Taemasacanthus cf. erroli[8] Currajong Limestone Mbr, Taemas

Placodermi

[edit]
Genus Species Horizon Clade Images
Arenipiscis A. westolli[11] Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Arthrodira,
Buchanosteidae
Restoration of A. westolli.
Bimbianga B. burrinjuckensis[12] Cavan & S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas Arthrodira,
Holonematidae?
Brindabellaspis B. stensioi[13][14][5] Bloomfield–Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Brindabellaspida
Brindabellaspidae
A reconstruction of B. stensioi.
Buchanosteus B. confertituberculatus[15][16][17][18] S. yassensis & Receptaculites Limestone Mbrs, Taemas Arthrodira,
Buchanosteidae
B. confertituberculatus reconstruction.
Burrinjucosteus B. asymmetricus[18] S. yassensis to Warroo Limestone Mbrs, Taemas Arthrodira,
Buchanosteidae
A restoration of B. asymmetricus.
Cathlesichthys C. weejasperensis[19] Upper Bloomfield/Lower Receptaculites Limestone Mbrs, Taemas Arthrodira,
Homostiidae
Cavanosteus C. australis[20] Probably Cavan; S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas Arthrodira,
Homostiidae
Dhanguura D. johnstoni[19] Lower part of Unit 6[1], matching up with Crinoidal Limestone Mbr, Taemas Arthrodira

(Brachythoraci
incertae sedis)
Elvaspis[21][5] E. tuberculata Bloomfield–Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Arthrodira,
Williamsaspididae
E. whitei
Errolosteus E. goodradigbeensis[11] Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Arthrodira,
Buchanosteidae
E. goodradigbeensis reconstruction.
Goodradigbeeon G. australianum[5][18] Cavan; S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas Arthrodira,
Buchanosteidae
A reconstruction of G. australianum.
Lunaspis L. sp.[22] Uncertain, not stated in description paper Petalichthyida,
Macropetalichthyidae
Artist's reconstruction of L. broili (larger) and L. heroldi (smaller).
Murrindalaspis M. wallacei[1] Near Taemas Bridge (unknown unit) Acanthothoraci,
Weejasperaspididae
Cropped image showing a restoration of M. wallacei.
Notopetalichthys N. hillsi[23][24] Likely Cavan, as the remains were described from Coodravale Petalichthyida,
Macropetalichthyidae
Ohioaspis O. tumulosa[7] Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Incertae sedis
(Rhenanida?)
Parabuchanosteus P. murrumbidgeensis[25] S. yassensis, Bloomfield to possibly Crinoidal or Warroo Limestone Mbrs, Taemas. Possibly also Cavan. Arthrodira,
Buchanosteidae
P. murrumbidgeensis reconstruction.
Richardosteus R. barwickorum[26] Uncertain, not stated in description paper Arthrodira,
Buchanosteidae
Shearsbyaspis S. oepiki[22] S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas Petalichthyida
(incertae sedis)
Taemasosteus T. novaustrocambricus[15][5] S. yassensis Limestone Mbr and above, Taemas, and Cavan Arthrodira,
Buchanosteidae
Restoration of T. novaustrocambricus.
Toombsosteus T. denisoni[18] Uncertain; stated to be on the shore at south-east end of Goodradigbee Lake, East of the track from Barber’s and Wee Jasper ends Arthrodira,
Buchanosteidae
Weejasperaspis W. gavini[18][5] Receptaculites, Receptaculites-Bloomfield boundary, and possibly Crinoidal Limestone Mbrs, Taemas Acanthothoraci,
Weejasperaspididae
Williamsaspis W. bedfordi[15] Uncertain; Goodradigbee River Arthrodira,
Williamsaspididae
Wijdeaspis W. warrooensis[24] Middle of Crinoidal Limestone Mbr, Taemas, and either uppermost Crinoidal Limestone Mbr, Taemas, or overlying tuffs and shales Petalichthyida
incertae sedis

Sarcopterygii

[edit]
Genus Species Horizon Clade Images
Cathlorhynchus C. trismodipterus[27] Currajong Limestone Mbr, Taemas Dipnoi,
Dipnorhynchidae
Dipnorhynchus D. cathlesae[28] Lowermost part of the upper part of the Taemas Limestone. This section has common marine macrofossils, and abundant tabulate & rugose corals (level uncertain) Dipnoi,
Dipnorhynchidae
A reconstruction of D. sp.
D. kurikae[5][27][29] Currajong to Receptaculites Limestone Mbrs, Taemas
D. sussmilchi[30][31] S. yassensis Mbr, Taemas.
Onychodus O. yassensis[2] Bloomfield Limestone Mbr, Taemas Onychodontiformes,
Onychodontidae
O. sp.[7] Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas
Speonesydrion S. iani[32][33][5] Bloomfield–Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Dipnoi,
Dipnorhynchidae

Trilobita

[edit]
Genus Species Horizon Clade Images
Apocalymene A. quadrilobata[34][35] S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas Phacopida,
Calymenidae
Fossil of G. arcuata.
Otarion O. dabrowni[35] Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Proetida,

Aulacopleuridae
Phacops P. spedeni[34][35] Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Phacopida,
Phacopidae
Fossil of Phacops sp.

Incertae sedis

[edit]
Genus Species Horizon Clade Images
Ligulalepis L. toombsi[36][37][5] Bloomfield–Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas Osteichthyes
(incertae sedis)
Life reconstruction of L. toombsi, based on a skull.

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Young, G. C. (2011). Wee Jasper-Lake Burrinjuck fossil fish sites: Scientific background to national heritage nomination. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 132:83–107.
  2. 1 2 Lindley, I. D. (2002). Acanthodian, onychodontid and osteolepidid fish from the middle-upper Taemas Limestone (Early Devonian), Lake Burrinjuck, New South Wales. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 26(1), 103–126.
  3. 1 2 3 Lindley, I. D. (2000). Acanthodian fish remains from the Lower Devonian Cavan Bluff Limestone (Murrumbidgee Group), Taemas district, New South Wales. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 24(1), 11–35.
  4. ↑ Geoscience Australia. "Taemas Limestone". Australian Stratigraphic Units Database, stratigraphic number 17642.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Zapalski, M. K.; Berkowski, B.; Skompski, S.; Pickett, J. W.; Young, G. C. (2025). Ancient depths: Unprecedented completeness of mesophotic coral-fish ecosystem from the Devonian of Eastern Gondwana. Gondwana Research, 142: 252–261. ISSN: 1342-937X.
  6. 1 2 Basden, A. (1999). Emsian (Early Devonian) microvertebrates from the Buchan and Taemas areas of southeastern Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 57, 15–21.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Giffin, E. B. (1980). Devonian Vertebrates from Australia. Postilla (Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History), 180 (1–15)
  8. 1 2 3 Lindley, I. D. (2001). Lower Devonian ischnacanthid fish (Gnathostomata: Acanthodii) from the Taemas Limestone, Lake Burrinjuck, New South Wales. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 25(3), 269–291.
  9. ↑ Long, J. A. (1986). New ischnacanthid acanthodians from the Early Devonian of Australia, with comments on acanthodian interrelationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87(4), 321–339.
  10. ↑ Voichyshyn, V.; Szaniawski, H. (2012). Acanthodian jaw bones from Lower Devonian marine deposits of Podolia, Ukraine. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 57(4), 879–896.
  11. 1 2 Young, G. C. (1981). New Early Devonian brachythoracids (placoderm fishes) from the Taemas - Wee Jasper region of New South Wales. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 5(4): 245–271. ISSN: 0311-5518.
  12. ↑ Young, G. C. (2005). Early Devonian arthrodire remains (Placodermi, ?Holonematidae) from the Burrinjuck area, New South Wales, Australia. Geodiversitas 27 (2) : 201-219.
  13. ↑ Young, G. C. (1980). A new Early Devonian placoderm from New South Wales, Australia, with a discussion of placoderm phylogeny. Palaeontographica. 167. 10–76.
  14. ↑ King, B., Young, G. & Long, J. (2018). New information on Brindabellaspis stensioi Young, 1980, highlights morphological disparity in Early Devonian placoderms. Royal Society Open Science. 5. 180094.
  15. 1 2 3 White, E. I. (1952). Australian arthrodires. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, 1, 249–304.
  16. ↑ Young, G. C. (1979). New information on the structure and relationships of Buchanosteus (Placodermi: Euarthrodira) from the Early Devonian of New South Wales. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 66(4): 309–352.
  17. ↑ Long, J. & Mark-Kurik, E. & Young, G. C. (2014). Taxonomic revision of buchanosteoid placoderms (Arthrodira) from the Early Devonian of south-eastern Australia and Arctic Russia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 62. 26–43.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 White, E. I. (1978). The larger arthrodiran fishes from the area of the Burrinjuck Dam, N.S.W. The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 34, 149–262.
  19. 1 2 Young, G. C. (2004). Large brachythoracid arthrodires (placoderm fishes) from the Early Devonian of Wee Jasper, New South Wales, Australia, with a discussion of basal brachythoracid characters. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24. 1–17.
  20. ↑ Young, G. C. (2004). A homostiid arthrodire (placoderm fish) from the Early Devonian of the Burrinjuck area, New South Wales. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 28(1), 129–146.
  21. ↑ Young, G. C. (2009). New arthrodires (Family Williamsaspididae) from Wee Jasper, New South Wales (Early Devonian), with comments on placoderm morphology and palaeoecology. Acta Zoologica. 90. 69 - 82.
  22. 1 2 Young, G. C. (1985). Further petalichthyid remains (placoderm fishes, Early Devonian) from the Taemas-Wee Jasper region, New South Wales. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 9(2): 121–131.
  23. ↑ Woodward, A.S. (1941). The head shield of a new macropetalichthyid fish (Notopetalichthys hillsi, gen. et sp. nov.) from the Middle Devonian of Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 11, 8(44): 91–96.
  24. 1 2 Young, G. C. (1978). A new Early Devonian petalichthyid fish from the Taemas/Wee Jasper region of New South Wales. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 2. 103–116.
  25. ↑ White, E. I., Toombs, H. A (1972). THE BUCHANOSTEID ARTHRODIRES OF AUSTRALIA. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, 22. BM(NH): 379–419.
  26. ↑ Long, J. & Mark-Kurik, E. & Young, G. C. (2014). Taxonomic revision of buchanosteoid placoderms (Arthrodira) from the Early Devonian of south-eastern Australia and Arctic Russia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 62. 26–43.
  27. 1 2 Campbell, K. S. W., Barwick, R. E., & Senden, T. J. (2009). Evolution of dipnoans (lungfish) in the Early Devonian of southeastern Australia. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 33(1), 59–78.
  28. ↑ Campbell, K. S. W., & Barwick, R. E. (1999). A new species of the Devonian lungfish Dipnorhynchus from Wee Jasper, New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum, 51(2), 123–140.
  29. ↑ Campbell, K. S. W., & Barwick, R. E. (2000). The braincase, mandible and dental structures of the Early Devonian lungfish Dipnorhynchus kurikae from Wee Jasper, New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum 52(1), 103–128.
  30. ↑ Etheridge, R. (1906). The cranial buckler of a Dipnoan fish, probably Ganorhynchus, from the Devonian Beds of the Murrumbidgee River, New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum 6(3), 129–132.
  31. ↑ Clement, A., Challands, T., Long, J. & Ahlberg, P. (2016). The cranial endocast of Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi) and the interrelationships of stem-group lungfishes. PeerJ. 4. 1-19.
  32. ↑ Campbell, K. S. W., & Barwick, R. E. (1983). Early evolution of dipnoan dentitions and a new genus Speonesydrion. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 1, 17–49.
  33. ↑ Campbell, K. S. W., & Barwick, R. E. (2007). The structure and stratigraphy of Speonesydrion from New South Wales, Australia, and the dentition of primitive dipnoans. Paläontol Z 81, 146–159.
  34. 1 2 Chatterton, B. D. E. Johnson, B. D. Campbell, K. S. W. (1979). Silicified Lower Devonian trilobites from New South Wales. Palaeontology, 22(4), 799–837
  35. 1 2 3 Chatterton, B. D. E. (1971). Taxonomy and ontogeny of Siluro-Devonian trilobites from near Yass, New South Wales.Palaeontographica Abteilung, A 137 (1–3): 1–108.
  36. ↑ Schultze, H-P. (1968). Palaeoniscoidea-Schuppen aus dem Unterdevon Australiens und Kanadas und aus dem Mitteldevon Spitzbergens. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, 16. BM(NH): 341–368.
  37. ↑ Basden, A. M. & Young, G. C. (2001). A Primitive Actinopterygian Neurocranium from the Early Devonian of Southeastern Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21(4), 754–66.
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