Penstemon linarioides
| Penstemon linarioides | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Penstemon |
| Species: | P. linarioides |
| Binomial name | |
| Penstemon linarioides | |
| Varieties[2] | |
| |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
Penstemon linarioides is a plant species in the genus Penstemon. Its common names include toadflax penstemon, toadflax beardtongue and Colorado narrowleaf beardtongue. It grows in Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Taxonomy
[edit]Penstemon linarioides was scientifically described in 1859 by Asa Gray. He placed the species in the genus Penstemon which is part of the Plantaginaceae family. It has four accepted varieties.[2]
- Penstemon linarioides var. coloradoensis – Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico[3]
- Penstemon linarioides var. linarioides – Baja California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora[4]
- Penstemon linarioides var. maguirei – Arizona and New Mexico[5]
- Penstemon linarioides var. sileri – Arizona, Nevada, and Utah[6]
It has eight synonyms of the species or one of its four varieties.[7]
| Name | Year | Rank | Synonym of: | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penstemon coloradoensis A.Nelson | 1899 | species | var. coloradoensis | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon coloradoensis subsp. sileri Pennell | 1920 | subspecies | var. coloradoensis | = het. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. coloradoensis (A.Nelson) D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | var. coloradoensis | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. compactifolius D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | var. linarioides | = het. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. maguirei D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | var. maguirei | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. sileri (A.Gray) D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | var. sileri | ≡ hom. |
| Penstemon linarioides subsp. typicus D.D.Keck | 1937 | subspecies | P. linarioides | ≡ hom., not validly publ. |
| Penstemon linarioides var. viridis D.D.Keck | 1937 | variety | var. sileri | = het. |
| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym | ||||
Names
[edit]The species name, linarioides, means 'like toadflax' in Botanical Latin due to the similar leaf shape to some species in the genus Linaria.[8] Penstemon linarioides is known by the common names toadflax penstemon,[9] linarialeaf penstemon,[10] and narrowleaf penstemon.[10] It is also known as Colorado toadflax beardtongue and toadflax beardtongue.[8][11] It is sometimes called mat penstemon,[12] however Penstemon caespitosus is more typically known by this name.[13]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ↑ NatureServe 2026.
- 1 2 POWO 2026a.
- 1 2 POWO 2026b.
- ↑ POWO 2026c.
- ↑ POWO 2026d.
- ↑ POWO 2026e.
- ↑ POWO 2026a; POWO 2026b; POWO 2026c; POWO 2026d; POWO 2026e.
- 1 2 Heil et al. 2013, p. 721.
- ↑ NRCS 2026b.
- 1 2 Heflin 1997, p. 23.
- ↑ McDougall 1964, p. 202.
- ↑ Busco & Morin 2010, p. 246.
- ↑ NRCS 2026a.
Sources
[edit]Books
[edit]- Busco, Janice; Morin, Nancy R. (2010) [2003]. Native Plants for High-Elevation Western Gardens (Second ed.). Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55591-740-1. LCCN 2011288660. OCLC 712591270. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- Heflin, Jean (1997). Penstemons : The Beautiful Beardtongues of New Mexico. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Jackrabbit Press. ISBN 978-0-9659693-0-7. OCLC 39050925. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- Heil, Kenneth D.; O'Kane, Steve L. Jr.; Reeves, Linda Mary; Clifford, Arnold (2013). Flora of the Four Corners Region: Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah (First ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. ISBN 978-1-930723-84-9. ISSN 0161-1542. LCCN 2012949654. OCLC 859541992. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- McDougall, W. B. (1964). Grand Canyon Wild Flowers: Seed Plants of Grand Canyon National Park. Flagstaff, Arizona: Museum of Northern Arizona. OCLC 1016860. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
Web sources
[edit]- NatureServe (27 February 2026). "Penstemon linarioides". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- NRCS (2026a). "Penstemon caespitosus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- NRCS (2026b). "Penstemon linarioides". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- POWO (2026a). "Penstemon linarioides A.Gray". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- POWO (2026b). "Penstemon linarioides var. coloradoensis (A.Nelson) C.C.Freeman". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- POWO (2026c). "Penstemon linarioides var. linarioides". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- POWO (2026d). "Penstemon linarioides var. maguirei (D.D.Keck) A.Nelson". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
- POWO (2026e). "Penstemon linarioides var. sileri A.Gray". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
External links
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