// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Pankararú language say? It's pan-de-lingual.
| Pankararú | |
|---|---|
| Brancararu | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Pernambuco, Alagoas |
| Ethnicity | 8.184 Pankararú (2014),[1] ?1,648 Pankararé (2014)[2] |
| Extinct | by 1961 |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | paz – inclusive code (Pankararú)Individual code: pax – Pankararé |
| Glottolog | pank1250 Pankararupank1235 Pankarare |
 Map of Tacaratu, where the Pankararu language was spoken | |
Pankararú (Pancaré, Pankaré, Pancaru, Pankaruru, Pankarará, Pankaravu, Pankaroru, Pankarú, Brancararu) is an extinct language, probably a language isolate, of eastern Brazil. There are 6,000 ethnic Pankararú, but they all speak Portuguese. In 1961, only two elders could remember anything of the language. Today, they live in Brejo dos Padres and other villages of Tacaratu, Pernambuco State. The language was originally spoken between the Moxotó River and the Pajeú River.[3]
In the 19th century the people split into multiple ethnic groups, including the Pankararú and the Pankararé. One quarter of the Pankararé retain their traditional religion. Their language, however, is unattested,[4] and can only be assumed to be a dialect of Pankararu. According to Meader (1978), the Pankararu regarded themselves as belonging to the "Macarú" nation.[5]
Classification
[edit]Pankararú has no proven relatives and remains unclassified.
The original languages of the Jeriticó or Jiripancó,[6] Koiupanká[7] and Karuazu[8] may have been related or identical to Pankararú. Kalankó (Cacalancó), with descendants now living in Água Branca, Alagoas, may have also been related to, or identical with, Pankararú.[9]
Vocabulary
[edit]Nimuendajú (1935)
[edit]Curt Nimuendajú recorded a number of words in the "Macarú" language in an unpublished manuscript dated 16 March 1935. His wordlist is presented below.[10]
gloss Macarú God sanaê beautiful likim tobacco poi salt tuká spoon foiá bee arraó water ginicaçí smoking pipe matinadô pig aleal ox canarí horse tiaparú sheep pucheren devil fenêkia dog sará dance clothing tonan dancer praiá
Pompeu (1958)
[edit]Language variety from Pompeu (1958), originally collected by Carlos Estêvam:[11]
Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)"Brejo dos Padres" fogo fire obaí água water jinikací; jatateruá; jai/já brejo swamp ibiji/arôto lagoa pond joo terra earth jobají pedra stone tóitú; ipá sal salt tuká cachimbo smoking pipe kuna kuní cachimbo cerimonial ceremonial pipe matrinadô; matrigó maracá maraca káma/kabá eyá pinheiro pine burúti menino boy jorã/óibo parente relative gôyáji irmã e prima sister and cousin dakatái onça preta black jaguar tupé maracajá margay gwariatã porco pig tarací mocó rock cavy
(Kerodon rupestris)kewí tatu-peba six-banded armadillo
(Euphractus sexcinctus)kuriépe boi ox kanarí vaca cow tú ovelha sheep pusharé; sumui íra passarinho small bird iushií pena feather tik ovo egg aji papagaio parrot umaiatá periquito parakeet glyglilin peixe fish kamijo abelha bee axxaó madeira, pau wood, tree dáka flor flower barkíra milho corn ta/mõni tabaco, fumo tobacco, smoke põi; ajó bonito beautiful limin
Carneiro ms.
[edit]Raimundo Dantas Carneiro included the following "Pankarurú" words in his manuscript, which were published by Čestmír Loukotka (1963):[12]
gloss Pankarurú fermented beverage ažuka ritual dance toré ritual garment tunã mask mumukabo clay pipe kakikiá place for parties pôrô river maranga sorcerer praias sorcerer title šupuñum sorcerer title bôkôdô sorcerer title andaruré sorcerer title tita sorcerer title pankaré Brejo dos Padres Žeripạnkó Tacaratu Takaikó Agua Maria Pedra Žakuasí name of a stream Žitó territory of the Pankararu Kankalangó name of a hamlet Ikó name of a hamlet Pákiu name of a hamlet Sôrôngo
Meader (1978)
[edit]Below is a 1961 word list of Pankarú (Pankararú) recorded in Brejo dos Padres by Wilbur Pickering from his informant João Moreno. The list is published in Meader (1978).[5]
Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)Pankarú (Pankararú) amarelo yellow ˈžúbʌ̀ pedra amarela yellow stone itapurʌŋga boca mouth ūːřú kàˈtiŋ̄ minha boca my mouth sɛ̄ ūˈřú bom good kátù ele é bom He is good. ayɛ katu o olho é bom The eye is good. sảːkàtú kʸả̀ vocês são bons You (plural) are good. pɛ̄ñékātù / pɛ̃ñékátù branco white ˈtíŋgʌ́ buraco hole kʷàřà cabeça head uukà a cabeça é redonda The head is round. muukɩ̀(ː) cabelo hair uŋkʸò o cabelo é preto The hair is black. uŋkʸò àlóːkià cachorro dog ítōˈlókʸà caminho road pɛ carne meat sóːō casa house ókʰà céu sky tšᶦakɩ / aʌ̨nsɛ cobra snake fítš̭ˈàká / fítš̭iākà coração heart (úpíˈá) ūpia kàtú asu corda rope ˈmúsúřʌ̨̀nʌ̨̀ dedo grande big finger kų̀ʌ̨́ kàtέ gàsú dente tooth (tʌ̨̄ˈíŋkàtī) dia day ˈářà ele / ela he / she àyέ eles, elas they āìˈtá este, esta this kʷa eu I šɛʔ faca knife kⁱsɛ fogo fire ˈpo fumo (tabaco) smoke (tobacco) pɔi pedra furada pierced stone ítákʷàřà ele furou a orelha He pierced his ear. oː màlɩ́ ásò homem man aba homem velho old man ábá ùmʌ̨̀ joelho knee àˈlų́ o joelho está mau The knee is bad. sātkālɩ́ ˈʔų́ː língua tongue (mɛ̄āŋˈgā) lua moon ˈžasì lua cheia full moon kaiřɛ lua nova new moon katiti mãe mother sέʔžàʔ mandioca cassava mʌ̨̀nˈdī mão hand pɔ̄pitέkàí mar sea pᵊřᵊˈnà mau bad pùší menina girl mítákų̄įˈʌ̨̀ / íādɛ̄doŋ̄kīˈà menino boy íādɛ̄dùˈà milho maize ávātì moça girl kų̀įʌ̨̀ mùkú moça velha older girl kų̀įʌ̨̀ fìlìwà mulher woman kų̀įʌ̨̄ não no ų́hų̄ nariz nose tákʷí meu nariz my nose séˈtį̀ nossos narizes (meu e seu) our noses (inclusive) iānέʔtį̀ seu nariz (de você) your nose šέˈtį́ seu nariz (dele) his nose sέˈtį́ àyὲ noite night pīˈtų̀ nós, nosso we, our ìànέʔ olho (pavɛořukya) eye (pavɛořᴜkʸa) sả̀ː onça jaguar žáˈgʷà orelha ear mōːkìhkʸà pai (meu pai) father (my father) sέʔpāià pedra stone ítà pedra branca white stone itatiŋga pedra preta black stone ítáʔų̀na perna leg kóškì preto black ʔų́nʌ̨̄ redondo round púʌ̨̄ sol sun kʷářásí velho old ùmʌ̨̄ homem velho old man ábá úmʌ̨̀ moça velha older girl kų̀iʌ̨̀ fìlìwà vós (vocês) you pὲˈñɛ̄ açúcar sugar dódᵊsākà cabra goat kářkíá camaleão chameleon fìˈkíˈá canela cinnamon (kālɛ̄ˈʔί̨ʌ) kia coxo lame kóš dedo finger kų̄nˈkàtέ farinha flour kítsʰià feijão bean nátsākā garganta throat gāɛ̄òˈŋkʸà grosso thick sábóó lagarto lizard šōá macaxeira cassava aipį́ moreno dark-skinned pìˈtùnà queixo chin tʔíŋkʷˈí sim yes ʌ̨̅hʌ̨́ ? ? (pʌ̨̅ŋkārὲː)
References
[edit]- ↑ "Pankararu - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil". pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2025-09-25.
- ↑ "Pankararé - Povos Indígenas no Brasil". pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2025-09-25.
- 1 2 Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Pankararé". Glottolog 4.3.
- 1 2 Meader, Robert E. (1978). Indios do Nordeste: Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brasilia: SIL International. Archived from the original on 2024-10-08. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
- ↑ "Jiripancó - Povos Indígenas no Brasil". pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2025-09-25.
- ↑ "Koiupanká". Povos Indígenas no Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ↑ "Karuazu". Povos Indígenas no Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ↑ "Kalankó". Povos Indígenas no Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ↑ Nimuendajú, Curt (2000) [1930s]. Cartas do sertão de Curt Nimuendajú para Carlos Estevão de Oliveira (PDF). Lisboa: Museu Nacional de Etnologia Assírio & Alvim.
- ↑ Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz (1958). "Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos" (PDF). Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará). 2 (1): 3–19.
- ↑ Loukotka, Čestmír (1963). "Documents et vocabulaires inédits de langues et de dialectes sud-américains". Journal de la société des américanistes. 52 (1): 7–60. doi:10.3406/jsa.1963.2001.