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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhy was the list of Minnesota governors so long? It was a governor-ning factor.

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The governor of Minnesota is the head of government of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Minnesota's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

There have been 41 governors of the state; one, Rudy Perpich, served non-consecutive terms. Minnesota Territory had three governors appointed by the president of the United States; the first, Alexander Ramsey, would later be state governor.

A total of five political parties have had governors as members. The Minnesota Democratic Party, the Republican Party of Minnesota, the Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party, the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, and the Independence Party of Minnesota. There have been twenty-six Republicans, six DFLers, four Democrats, three Farmer-Laborites, and one Independence Party member. One Democrat, John Lind, was elected on a fusion ticket with the Populist Party.

The current governor is Tim Walz, a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, who took office on January 7, 2019.

List of governors

[edit]

Minnesota Territory

[edit]

Minnesota Territory was organized on March 3, 1849.[1] The secretary of the territory would act as governor in the governor's absence; notably, secretary Charles L. Chase acted as governor from October 13, 1857 until the elected state officials took office on May 24, 1858.[2][3]

Governors of the Territory of Minnesota
No. Governor Term in office[a] Appointed by
1 Alexander Ramsey
(1815–1903)
[4][5][6]		 June 1, 1849[b]
–
April 1, 1853
(1401 days; replaced)		 Zachary Taylor
2 Willis A. Gorman
(1816–1876)
[13][14]		 April 1, 1853[c]
–
March 13, 1857
(1443 days; replaced)		 Franklin Pierce
3 Samuel Medary
(1801–1864)
[17][18]		 March 13, 1857[d]
–
May 24, 1858
(438 days; statehood)		 James Buchanan

State of Minnesota

[edit]

Minnesota was admitted to the Union on May 11, 1858.[21]

The Minnesota Constitution of 1858 created the offices of governor and lieutenant governor, elected separately to two-year terms; these were lengthened to four years starting in 1963. As of 1974, the governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the same ticket.[22]

Governors of the State of Minnesota
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[e]
1   Henry Hastings Sibley
(1811–1891)
[23][24][25]		 May 24, 1858[26]
–
January 2, 1860
(589 days; retired)		 Democratic[27] 1857   William Holcombe
2 Alexander Ramsey
(1815–1903)
[4][5][28][6]		 January 2, 1860[29]
–
July 10, 1863
(1286 days; resigned)[f]		 Republican[30] 1859 Ignatius L. Donnelly
(resigned March 3, 1863)
1861
Henry Adoniram Swift
3 Henry Adoniram Swift
(1823–1869)
[31][32][33]		 July 10, 1863[g]
–
January 13, 1864
(188 days; retired)[h]		 Republican[38] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
4 Stephen Miller
(1816–1881)
[39][40][41]		 January 13, 1864[i]
–
January 8, 1866
(727 days; retired)[39]		 Republican[38] 1863 Charles D. Sherwood
5 William Rainey Marshall
(1825–1896)
[43][44][45]		 January 8, 1866[46]
–
January 7, 1870
(1461 days; retired)		 Republican[38] 1865 Thomas H. Armstrong
1867
6 Horace Austin
(1831–1905)
[47][48][49]		 January 7, 1870[50]
–
January 9, 1874
(1464 days;
lost nomination)[51]		 Republican[38] 1869 William H. Yale
1871
7 Cushman K. Davis
(1838–1900)
[52][53][54]		 January 9, 1874[55]
–
January 7, 1876
(729 days; retired)		 Republican[38] 1873 Alphonso Barto
8 John S. Pillsbury
(1827–1901)
[56][57][58]		 January 7, 1876[59]
–
January 9, 1882
(2195 days; retired)		 Republican[38] 1875 James Wakefield
1877
1879 Charles A. Gilman
9 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
(1836–1913)
[60][61][62]		 January 9, 1882[63]
–
January 5, 1887
(1823 days; retired)		 Republican[38] 1881
1883
10 Andrew Ryan McGill
(1840–1905)
[64][65][66]		 January 5, 1887[67]
–
January 9, 1889
(736 days;
lost nomination)[68]		 Republican[38] 1886 Albert E. Rice
11 William Rush Merriam
(1849–1931)
[69][70][71]		 January 9, 1889[72]
–
January 4, 1893
(1457 days; retired)		 Republican[38] 1888
1890 Gideon S. Ives
12 Knute Nelson
(1843–1923)
[73][74][75]		 January 4, 1893[76]
–
January 31, 1895
(758 days; resigned)[j]		 Republican[38] 1892 David Marston Clough
1894
13 David Marston Clough
(1846–1924)
[77][78][79]		 January 31, 1895[80]
–
January 2, 1899
(1433 days; retired)		 Republican[38] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1896 John L. Gibbs
14 John Lind
(1854–1930)
[81][82][83]		 January 2, 1899[84]
–
January 7, 1901
(736 days; lost election)		 Democratic[k] 1898 Lyndon A. Smith[l]
15 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
(1844–1936)
[86][87][88]		 January 7, 1901[89]
–
January 4, 1905
(1459 days; retired)[86]		 Republican[38] 1900
1902 Ray W. Jones[l]
16 John Albert Johnson
(1861–1909)
[90][91][92]		 January 4, 1905[93]
–
September 21, 1909
(1722 days; died in office)		 Democratic[38] 1904
1906 Adolph Olson Eberhart[l]
1908
17 Adolph Olson Eberhart
(1870–1944)
[94][95][96]		 September 21, 1909[97]
–
January 6, 1915
(1934 days;
lost nomination)[m]		 Republican[38] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1910 Samuel Y. Gordon
1912 Joseph A. A. Burnquist[l]
18 Winfield Scott Hammond
(1863–1915)
[99][100][101]		 January 6, 1915[102]
–
December 30, 1915
(359 days; died in office)		 Democratic[38] 1914
19 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
(1879–1961)
[103][104][105]		 December 30, 1915[106]
–
January 5, 1921
(1834 days; retired)		 Republican[38] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1916 Thomas Frankson
1918
20 J. A. O. Preus
(1883–1961)
[107][108][109]		 January 5, 1921[110]
–
January 7, 1925
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican[38] 1920 Louis L. Collins
1922
21 Theodore Christianson
(1883–1948)
[111][112][113]		 January 7, 1925[114]
–
January 7, 1931
(2192 days; retired)		 Republican[38] 1924 William I. Nolan
1926
1928 Charles Edward Adams
22 Floyd B. Olson
(1891–1936)
[115][116][117]		 January 7, 1931[118]
–
August 22, 1936
(2055 days; died in office)		 Farmer-Labor[38] 1930 Henry M. Arens
1932 Konrad K. Solberg
1934 Hjalmar Petersen
23 Hjalmar Petersen
(1890–1968)
[119][120][121]		 August 22, 1936[122]
–
January 4, 1937
(136 days; retired)[119]		 Farmer-Labor[38] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
24 Elmer A. Benson
(1895–1985)
[123][124][125]		 January 4, 1937[126]
–
January 3, 1939
(731 days; lost election)		 Farmer-Labor[38] 1936 Gottfrid Lindsten
25 Harold Stassen
(1907–2001)
[127][128][129]		 January 3, 1939[130]
–
April 27, 1943
(1605 days; resigned)[n]		 Republican[38] 1938 C. Elmer Anderson
1940
1942 Edward John Thye
26 Edward J. Thye
(1896–1969)
[131][132][133]		 April 27, 1943[134]
–
January 8, 1947
(1323 days; retired)[o]		 Republican[38] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1944 C. Elmer Anderson
27 Luther Youngdahl
(1896–1978)
[135][136][137]		 January 8, 1947[138]
–
September 27, 1951
(1724 days; resigned)[p]		 Republican[38] 1946
1948
1950
28 C. Elmer Anderson
(1912–1998)
[139][140][141]		 September 27, 1951[142]
–
January 5, 1955
(1197 days; lost election)		 Republican[38] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1952 Ancher Nelsen
Donald O. Wright
29 Orville Freeman
(1918–2003)
[143][144][145]		 January 5, 1955[146]
–
January 4, 1961
(2192 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor[38]		 1954 Karl Rolvaag[q]
1956
1958
30 Elmer L. Andersen
(1909–2004)
[147][148][149]		 January 4, 1961[150]
–
March 25, 1963
(811 days; lost election)[r]		 Republican[38] 1960
31 Karl Rolvaag
(1913–1990)
[151][152][153]		 March 25, 1963[154]
–
January 2, 1967
(1380 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor[38]		 1962 Sandy Keith
32 Harold LeVander
(1910–1992)
[155][156][157]		 January 2, 1967[158]
–
January 4, 1971
(1464 days; retired)[155]		 Republican[38] 1966 James B. Goetz
33 Wendell R. Anderson
(1933–2016)
[159][160][161]		 January 4, 1971[162]
–
December 29, 1976
(2187 days; resigned)[s]		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor[38]		 1970 Rudy Perpich
1974
34 Rudy Perpich
(1928–1995)
[163][164][165]		 December 29, 1976[166]
–
January 1, 1979
(734 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor[165]		 Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Alec G. Olson
35 Al Quie
(1923–2023)
[167][168]		 January 1, 1979[169]
–
January 3, 1983
(1464 days; retired)		 Independent-
Republican[168]		 1978 Lou Wangberg
36 Rudy Perpich
(1928–1995)
[163][164][165]		 January 3, 1983[170]
–
January 7, 1991
(2927 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor[165]		 1982 Marlene Johnson
1986
37 Arne Carlson
(b. 1934)
[171][172]		 January 7, 1991[173]
–
January 4, 1999
(2920 days; retired)		 Independent-
Republican[172]		 1990 Joanell Dyrstad
1994 Joanne Benson
38 Jesse Ventura
(b. 1951)
[174][175]		 January 4, 1999[176]
–
January 6, 2003
(1464 days; retired)		 Reform/
Independence[t]		 1998 Mae Schunk
39 Tim Pawlenty
(b. 1960)
[178][179]		 January 6, 2003[180]
–
January 3, 2011
(2920 days; retired)		 Republican[179] 2002 Carol Molnau
2006
40 Mark Dayton
(b. 1947)
[181][182]		 January 3, 2011[183]
–
January 7, 2019
(2927 days; retired)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor[182]		 2010 Yvonne Prettner Solon
2014 Tina Smith
(resigned January 2, 2018)
Vacant
Michelle Fischbach[l]
(took office May 25, 2018)
41 Tim Walz
(b. 1964)
[184]		 January 7, 2019[185]
–
Incumbent[u]
(in office 2834 days)		 Democratic-
Farmer-Labor[184]		 2018 Peggy Flanagan
2022

Elections

[edit]
Gubernatorial elections of the State of Minnesota
Election date Incumbent Winner Runner-up Term start date Term Definitions
Length Limit Beginning
October 13
1857
[27][187]		 new office[v] Henry Hastings Sibley
Dem., 50.3%		 Alexander Ramsey
Rep., 49.7%		 May 24, 1858[26] 1857 constitution
Two years[188] None None[w]
November 9
1859
[30][187]		 Henry Hastings Sibley
Dem., retiring		 Alexander Ramsey
Rep., 54.8%		 George Loomis Becker
Dem., 45.2%		 January 2, 1860[29]
October 8
1861
[187]		 Alexander Ramsey
Rep., running		 Alexander Ramsey
Rep., 60.9%		 Edward O. Hamlin
Dem., 39.1%		 January 9, 1862[189]
November 3
1863
[187]		 Henry Adoniram Swift[x]
Rep., retiring		 Stephen Miller
Rep., 60.6%		 Henry T. Welles
Dem., 39.4%		 January 13, 1864[42]
November 7
1865
[187]		 Stephen Miller
Rep., retiring		 William Rainey Marshall
Rep., 55.6%		 Henry M. Rice
Dem., 44.4%		 January 8, 1866[46]
November 5
1867
[187]		 William Rainey Marshall
Rep., running		 William Rainey Marshall
Rep., 54.2%		 Charles Eugene Flandrau
Dem., 45.8%		 January 10, 1868[190]
November 2
1869
[191]		 William Rainey Marshall
Rep., retiring		 Horace Austin
Rep., 50.4%		 George L. Otis
Dem., 46.4%		 January 7, 1870[50]
November 7
1871
[191]		 Horace Austin
Rep., running		 Horace Austin
Rep., 59.9%		 Winthrop Young
Dem., 40.1%		 January 4, 1872[192]
November 4
1873
[191]		 Horace Austin
Rep., lost nomination		 Cushman K. Davis
Rep., 53.6%		 Ara Barton
Dem., 46.4%		 January 9, 1874[55]
November 2
1875
[191]		 Cushman K. Davis
Rep., retiring		 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., 57.2%		 David L. Buell
Dem., 42.8%		 January 7, 1876[59]
November 6
1877
[191]		 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., running		 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., 59.3%		 William L. Banning
Dem., 40.7%		 January 11, 1878[193]
November 4
1879
[191]		 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., running		 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., 54.0%		 Edmund Rice
Dem., 39.3%		 January 10, 1880[194]
November 8
1881
[191]		 John S. Pillsbury
Rep., retiring		 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
Rep., 63.6%		 Richard W. Johnson
Dem., 36.4%		 January 9, 1882[63]
November 6
1883
[191]		 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
Rep., running		 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
Rep., 55.4%		 Adolph Biermann
Dem., 44.6%		 January 7, 1884[195]
November 2
1886
[191]		 Lucius Frederick Hubbard
Rep., retiring		 Andrew Ryan McGill
Rep., 48.5%		 A. A. Ames
Dem., 47.4%		 January 5, 1887[67]
November 6
1888
[191]		 Andrew Ryan McGill
Rep., lost nomination		 William Rush Merriam
Rep., 51.3%		 Eugene M. Wilson
Dem., 42.1%		 January 9, 1889[72]
November 4
1890
[196]		 William Rush Merriam
Rep., running		 William Rush Merriam
Rep., 36.6%		 Thomas Wilson
Dem., 35.7%		 January 5, 1891[197]
November 8
1892
[196]		 William Rush Merriam
Rep., retiring		 Knute Nelson
Rep., 42.7%		 Daniel W. Lawler
Dem., 37.0%		 January 4, 1893[76]
November 6
1894
[196]		 Knute Nelson
Rep., running		 Knute Nelson
Rep., 49.9%		 Sidney M. Owen
Pop., 29.7%		 January 9, 1895[198]
November 3
1896
[196]		 David Marston Clough[y]
Rep., running		 David Marston Clough
Rep., 49.2%		 John Lind
Dem., 48.1%		 January 6, 1897[199]
November 8
1898
[196]		 David Marston Clough
Rep., retiring		 John Lind
Dem., 52.3%		 William Henry Eustis
Rep., 44.3%		 January 2, 1899[84]
November 6
1900
[196]		 John Lind
Dem., running		 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
Rep., 48.7%		 John Lind
Dem., 48.0%		 January 7, 1901[89]
November 4
1902
[196]		 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
Rep., running		 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
Rep., 57.5%		 Leonard A. Rosing
Dem., 36.7%		 January 7, 1903[200]
November 8
1904
[201]		 Samuel Rinnah Van Sant
Rep., retiring		 John Albert Johnson
Dem., 48.7%		 Robert C. Dunn
Rep., 46.1%		 January 4, 1905[93]
November 6
1906
[201]		 John Albert Johnson
Dem., running		 John Albert Johnson
Dem., 60.9%		 Albert L. Cole
Rep., 34.8%		 January 9, 1907[202]
November 3
1908
[201]		 John Albert Johnson
Dem., running		 John Albert Johnson
Dem., 52.2%		 Jacob F. Jacobson
Rep., 43.8%		 January 6, 1909[203]
November 8
1910
[201]		 Adolph Olson Eberhart[z]
Rep., running		 Adolph Olson Eberhart
Rep., 55.7%		 James Gray
Dem., 35.2%		 January 4, 1911[204]
November 5
1912
[201]		 Adolph Olson Eberhart
Rep., running		 Adolph Olson Eberhart
Rep., 40.7%		 Peter M. Ringdal
Dem., 31.3%		 January 8, 1913[205]
November 3
1914
[201]		 Adolph Olson Eberhart
Rep., lost nomination		 Winfield Scott Hammond
Dem., 46.0%		 William E. Lee
Rep., 42.3%		 January 6, 1915[102]
November 7
1916
[201]		 Joseph A. A. Burnquist[aa]
Rep., running		 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Rep., 62.9%		 Thomas P. Dwyer
Dem., 23.8%		 January 3, 1917[206]
November 5
1918
[207]		 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Rep., running		 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Rep., 45.0%		 David Evans
Farmer–Labor, 30.3%		 January 8, 1919[208]
November 2
1920
[207]		 Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Rep., retiring		 J. A. O. Preus
Rep., 53.1%		 Henrik Shipstead
Ind., 35.9%		 January 5, 1921[110]
November 7
1922
[207]		 J. A. O. Preus
Rep., running		 J. A. O. Preus
Rep., 45.2%		 Magnus Johnson
Farmer–Labor, 43.1%		 January 3, 1923[209]
November 4
1924
[207]		 J. A. O. Preus
Rep., retiring		 Theodore Christianson
Rep., 48.7%		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, 43.8%		 January 7, 1925[114]
November 2
1926
[207]		 Theodore Christianson
Rep., running		 Theodore Christianson
Rep., 56.5%		 Magnus Johnson
Farmer–Labor, 38.1%		 January 5, 1927[210]
November 6
1928
[207]		 Theodore Christianson
Rep., running		 Theodore Christianson
Rep., 55.0%		 Ernest Lundeen
Farmer–Labor, 22.7%		 January 9, 1929[211]
November 4
1930
[207]		 Theodore Christianson
Rep., retiring		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, 59.3%		 Ray P. Chase
Rep., 36.3%		 January 7, 1931[118]
November 8
1932
[207]		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, running		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, 50.6%		 Earle Brown
Rep., 32.3%		 January 4, 1933[212]
November 6
1934
[213]		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, running		 Floyd B. Olson
Farmer–Labor, 44.6%		 Martin A. Nelson
Rep., 37.7%		 January 9, 1935[214]
November 3
1936
[213]		 Hjalmar Petersen[ab]
Farmer–Labor, retiring		 Elmer A. Benson
Farmer–Labor, 60.7%		 Martin A. Nelson
Rep., 38.6%		 January 4, 1937[126]
November 8
1938
[213]		 Elmer A. Benson
Farmer–Labor, running		 Harold Stassen
Rep., 59.9%		 Elmer A. Benson
Farmer–Labor, 34.2%		 January 3, 1939[130]
November 5
1940
[213]		 Harold Stassen
Rep., running		 Harold Stassen
Rep., 52.1%		 Hjalmar Petersen
Farmer–Labor, 36.5%		 January 8, 1941[215]
November 3
1942
[213]		 Harold Stassen
Rep., running		 Harold Stassen
Rep., 51.6%		 Hjalmar Petersen
Farmer–Labor, 37.8%		 January 5, 1943[216]
November 7
1944
[213]		 Edward J. Thye[ac]
Rep., running		 Edward J. Thye
Rep., 61.1%		 Byron G. Allen
DFL, 38.3%		 January 3, 1945[217]
November 5
1946
[213]		 Edward J. Thye
Rep., retiring		 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., 59.0%		 Harold H. Barker
DFL, 39.7%		 January 8, 1947[138]
November 2
1948
[213]		 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., running		 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., 53.1%		 Charles Halsted
DFL, 45.1%		 January 6, 1949[218]
November 7
1950
[219]		 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., running		 Luther Youngdahl
Rep., 60.7%		 Harry H. Peterson
DFL, 38.3%		 January 3, 1951[220]
November 4
1952
[219]		 C. Elmer Anderson[ad]
Rep., running		 C. Elmer Anderson
Rep., 55.3%		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 44.0%		 January 7, 1953[221]
November 2
1954
[219]		 C. Elmer Anderson
Rep., running		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 52.7%		 C. Elmer Anderson
Rep., 46.8%		 January 5, 1955[146]
November 6
1956
[219]		 Orville Freeman
DFL, running		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 51.4%		 Ancher Nelsen
Rep., 48.2%		 January 9, 1957[222]
November 4
1958
[219]		 Orville Freeman
DFL, running		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 56.8%		 George MacKinnon
Rep., 42.3%		 January 7, 1959[223]
November 8
1960
[219]		 Orville Freeman
DFL, running		 Elmer L. Andersen
Rep., 54.1%		 Orville Freeman
DFL, 45.5%		 January 4, 1961[150]
November 6
1962
[219]		 Elmer L. Andersen
Rep., running		 Karl Rolvaag
DFL, 49.7%		 Elmer L. Andersen
Rep., 49.7%		 March 25, 1963[ae] 1958 amendment
Four years
November 8
1966
[219]		 Karl Rolvaag
DFL, running		 Harold LeVander
Rep., 52.6%		 Karl Rolvaag
DFL, 46.9%		 January 2, 1967[158]
November 3
1970
[219]		 Harold LeVander
Rep., retiring		 Wendell R. Anderson
DFL, 54.0%		 Douglas M. Head
Rep., 45.5%		 January 4, 1971[162]
November 5
1974
[224]		 Wendell R. Anderson
DFL, running		 Wendell R. Anderson
DFL, 62.8%		 John Warren Johnson
Rep., 29.3%		 January 8, 1975[225]
November 7
1978
[226]		 Rudy Perpich[af]
DFL, running		 Al Quie
Indep. Rep., 52.3%		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, 45.3%		 January 1, 1979[169]
November 2
1982
[227]		 Al Quie
Indep. Rep., retiring		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, 58.8%		 Wheelock Whitney Jr.
Indep. Rep., 39.9%		 January 3, 1983[170]
November 4
1986
[228]		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, running		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, 55.8%		 Cal Ludeman
Indep. Rep., 42.9%		 January 5, 1987[229]
November 6
1990
[230]		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, running		 Arne Carlson
Indep. Rep., 49.6%		 Rudy Perpich
DFL, 46.3%		 January 7, 1991[173]
November 8
1994
[231]		 Arne Carlson
Indep. Rep., running		 Arne Carlson
Indep. Rep., 62.0%		 John Marty
DFL, 33.4%		 January 3, 1995[232]
November 3
1998
[233]		 Arne Carlson
Rep., retiring		 Jesse Ventura
Reform, 37.0%		 Norm Coleman
Rep., 34.3%		 January 4, 1999[176]
November 5
2002
[234]		 Jesse Ventura
Reform/Indep., retiring		 Tim Pawlenty
Rep., 44.4%		 Roger Moe
DFL, 36.5%		 January 6, 2003[180]
November 7
2006
[235]		 Tim Pawlenty
Rep., running		 Tim Pawlenty
Rep., 46.7%		 Mike Hatch
DFL, 45.7%		 January 2, 2007[236]
November 2
2010
[237]		 Tim Pawlenty
Rep., retiring		 Mark Dayton
DFL, 43.6%		 Tom Emmer
Rep., 43.2%		 January 3, 2011[183]
November 4
2014
[238]		 Mark Dayton
DFL, running		 Mark Dayton
DFL, 50.1%		 Jeff Johnson
Rep., 44.5%		 January 5, 2015[239]
November 6
2018
[240]		 Mark Dayton
DFL, retiring		 Tim Walz
DFL, 53.8%		 Jeff Johnson
Rep., 42.4%		 January 7, 2019[185]
November 8
2022
[241]		 Tim Walz
DFL, running		 Tim Walz
DFL, 52.3%		 Scott Jensen
Rep., 44.6%		 January 2, 2023[242]
November 3
2026
 Tim Walz
DFL, retiring		 Upcoming election; results to be determined around January 4, 2027

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
  2. ↑ Edward W. McGaughey was nominated on March 15, 1849,[7] but was rejected by the Senate on March 19.[8] William Pennington was then nominated on March 21,[9] and confirmed by the Senate on March 22,[10] but declined the post.[4] Ramsey was appointed on April 2,[4] during a Senate recess; nominated on December 21,[11] and confirmed by the Senate on January 9, 1850.[12] He arrived in the territory on May 27, 1849.[4]
  3. ↑ Gorman was nominated on March 31, 1853,[15] confirmed by the Senate on April 1,[16] and arrived in the territory on May 13.[13]
  4. ↑ Medary was nominated March 12, 1857,[19] confirmed by the Senate on March 13,[20] and arrived in the territory on April 22.[17]
  5. ↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  6. ↑ Ramsey resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[5]
  7. ↑ Modern sources state Ramsey resigned July 10, 1863,[34] despite his having taken office in the U.S. Senate on March 12, 1863.[35] Contemporary news indicates he resigned at the end of June;[36] it is assumed this is when he submitted his resignation, to take effect July 10.
  8. ↑ Swift was instead reelected to the Minnesota Senate.[31][37]
  9. ↑ Nearly every source says Miller took office on January 11, but the journal of the House of Representatives says it was January 13.[42]
  10. ↑ Nelson resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[73]
  11. ↑ Lind was also endorsed by the Populist Party.[85]
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Represented the Republican Party.
  13. ↑ Eberhart lost the Republican nomination to William E. Lee.[98]
  14. ↑ Stassen resigned to serve in the United States Naval Reserve.[127]
  15. ↑ Thye was instead elected to the United States Senate.[131]
  16. ↑ Youngdahl resigned, having been confirmed to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.[135]
  17. ↑ Represented the Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.
  18. ↑ The 1962 election was very close, and Andersen continued in office until a winner was decided; Rolvaag was declared the victor on March 15, 1963.[147]
  19. ↑ Anderson resigned so that his successor would appoint him to the United States Senate.[159]
  20. ↑ Ventura was elected as representing the Reform Party of Minnesota.[175] The party disaffiliated from its national party and resumed using its previous name, the Independence Party of Minnesota, on March 4, 2000. Ventura had himself disaffiliated from the national party on February 11.[177]
  21. ↑ Walz's second term began on January 2, 2023,[186] and will expire on January 4, 2027; he is not seeking reelection.
  22. ↑ Samuel Medary was the incumbent governor of Minnesota Territory at the time of the election.
  23. ↑ Governors take office within a few days of the beginning of the legislative session, which after 1883 was scheduled for the first Monday in January after the election.
  24. ↑ Swift succeeded Ramsey upon his resignation on July 10, 1863.[5]
  25. ↑ Clough succeeded Nelson upon his resignation on January 31, 1895.[73]
  26. ↑ Eberhart succeeded Johnson upon his death on September 21, 1909.[97]
  27. ↑ Burnquist succeeded Eberhart upon his death on December 30, 1915.[106]
  28. ↑ Petersen succeeded Olson upon his death on August 22, 1936.[122]
  29. ↑ Thye succeeded Stassen upon his resignation on April 27, 1943.[134]
  30. ↑ Anderson succeeded Youngdahl upon his resignation on September 27, 1951.[142]
  31. ↑ The 1962 election was very close, and it took until March 15 for Rolvaag to be declared the victor, being sworn in on March 25.[154]
  32. ↑ Perpich succeeded Anderson upon his resignation on December 29, 1976.[166]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 9 Stat. 403
  2. ↑ McMullin 1984, pp. 200–201.
  3. ↑ Baker, James H. "Lives of the governors of Minnesota" (PDF).
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 McMullin 1984, pp. 195–197.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Sobel 1978, p. 774.
  6. 1 2 "Alexander Ramsey". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  7. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., special sess., 84, accessed March 13, 2023.
  8. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., special sess., 90, accessed March 13, 2023.
  9. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., special sess., 93, accessed March 13, 2023.
  10. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 21st Cong., special sess., 94, accessed March 13, 2023.
  11. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., 1st sess., 98, accessed March 13, 2023.
  12. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 31st Cong., 1st sess., 170, accessed March 13, 2023.
  13. 1 2 McMullin 1984, pp. 197–199.
  14. ↑ "Willis Arnold Gorman". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  15. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., special sess., 126, accessed March 13, 2023.
  16. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., special sess., 131, accessed March 13, 2023.
  17. 1 2 McMullin 1984, pp. 199–201.
  18. ↑ "Samuel Medary". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  19. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., special sess., 241, accessed March 13, 2023.
  20. ↑ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., special sess., 253, accessed March 13, 2023.
  21. ↑ 11 Stat. 285
  22. ↑ "Constitutional Amendments". Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  23. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 773–774.
  24. ↑ "Henry Hastings Sibley". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  25. ↑ "Henry Hastings Sibley". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  26. 1 2 Folwell, William Watts (1924). A History of Minnesota. Minnesota Historical Society. pp. 22–23.
  27. 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 125.
  28. ↑ "Alexander Ramsey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  29. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1859–1860 sess. p. 163.
  30. 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 126.
  31. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 775.
  32. ↑ "Henry Adoniram Swift". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  33. ↑ "Henry Adoniram Swift". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  34. ↑ "Governors, 1849-Present". Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  35. ↑ Cong. Globe, 38th Cong., special sess. 1564 (1863)
  36. ↑ "Ex-Governor Ramsey". Winona Daily Republican. July 7, 1863.
  37. ↑ "Swift, Henry Adoniram "H.A."". Minnesota Legislature. Archived from the original on December 8, 2025. Retrieved August 15, 2026.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Kallenbach 1977, pp. 312–314.
  39. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 775–776.
  40. ↑ "Stephen Miller". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  41. ↑ "Stephen Miller". MNopedia. Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  42. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1864 sess. p. 22.
  43. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 776–777.
  44. ↑ "William Rainey Marshall". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  45. ↑ "William Rainey Marshall". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  46. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1866 sess. p. 16.
  47. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 777.
  48. ↑ "Horace Austin". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  49. ↑ "Horace Austin". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  50. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1870 sess. p. 19.
  51. ↑ "THE STATE CONVENTION". July 17, 1873.
  52. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 778.
  53. ↑ "Cushman Kellogg Davis". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  54. ↑ "Cushman Kellogg Davis". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  55. 1 2 "Legislature". Star Tribune. January 10, 1874. p. 4. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  56. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 778–779.
  57. ↑ "John Sargent Pillsbury". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  58. ↑ "John Sargent Pillsbury". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  59. 1 2 Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1876 sess. p. 24.
  60. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 779–780.
  61. ↑ "Lucius Frederick Hubbard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  62. ↑ "Lucius Frederick Hubbard". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  63. 1 2 "Pillsbury-Hubbard". The Saint Paul Globe. January 10, 1882. p. 2. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  64. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 780–781.
  65. ↑ "Andrew Ryan McGill". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  66. ↑ "Andrew Ryan McGill". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  67. 1 2 "The Ins and Outs – Gov. Hubbard Retires From the Governorship and McGill Takes Possession". The Saint Paul Globe. January 6, 1887. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  68. ↑ "William R. Merriam Nominated for Governor at End of Day's Balloting". St. Paul Pioneer Press. September 7, 1888. Retrieved August 15, 2026.
  69. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 781.
  70. ↑ "William Rush Merriam". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  71. ↑ "William Rush Merriam". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  72. 1 2 "Two Governors". The Saint Paul Globe. January 10, 1889. p. 6. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  73. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, p. 782.
  74. ↑ "Knute Nelson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  75. ↑ "Knute Nelson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  76. 1 2 "King Knute". Minneapolis Daily Times. January 5, 1893. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  77. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 782–783.
  78. ↑ "David Marston Clough". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  79. ↑ "David Marston Clough". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  80. ↑ "Clough is now Governor". The Minneapolis Journal. January 31, 1895. p. 10. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  81. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 783–784.
  82. ↑ "John Lind". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  83. ↑ "John Lind". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  84. 1 2 "Lind Is Sworn In". Minneapolis Daily Times. January 3, 1899. p. 6. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  85. ↑ Glashan 1979, p. 160.
  86. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 784.
  87. ↑ "Samuel Rinnah Van Sant". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  88. ↑ "Samuel Rinnah Van Sant". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  89. 1 2 "Van Sant Sworn In". Star Tribune. January 8, 1901. p. 4. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  90. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 785.
  91. ↑ "John Albert Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  92. ↑ "John Albert Johnson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  93. 1 2 "John A. Johnson Made Governor of Minnesota". Star Tribune. January 5, 1905. p. 8. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  94. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 785–786.
  95. ↑ "Adolph Olson Eberhart". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  96. ↑ "Adolph Olson Eberhart". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  97. 1 2 "Governor Eberhart Proclaims Thursday As Day of Mourning Throughout the State". Star Tribune. September 22, 1909. p. 2. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  98. ↑ "The Legislative Manual of the State of Minnesota Compiled for the Legislature of 1915" (PDF). p. 185. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  99. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 786.
  100. ↑ "Winfield Scott Hammond". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  101. ↑ "Winfield Scott Hammond". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  102. 1 2 "Hammond Plans Development of Idle State Land". The Pioneer. January 7, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  103. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 786–787.
  104. ↑ "Joseph Alfred Arner Burnquist". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  105. ↑ "Joseph Alfred Arner Burnquist". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  106. 1 2 "Burnquist Is Sworn In as New Governor". Star Tribune. December 31, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  107. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 787–788.
  108. ↑ "Jacob Aall Ottesen Preus". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  109. ↑ "Jacob Aall Ottesen Preus". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  110. 1 2 Akerson, George E. (January 6, 1921). "Preus Outlines State Fight on Townleyism". Star Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  111. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 788–789.
  112. ↑ "Theodore Christianson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  113. ↑ "Theodore Christianson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  114. 1 2 "New Governor Taking Oath of Office". The Minneapolis Star. January 7, 1925. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  115. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 789.
  116. ↑ "Floyd Bjornstjerne Olson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  117. ↑ "Floyd B. Olson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  118. 1 2 "Olson Takes Oath, Delivers Address". Star Tribune. January 8, 1931. p. 6. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  119. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 789–790.
  120. ↑ "Hjalmar Petersen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  121. ↑ "Hjalmar Petersen". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  122. 1 2 Burket, Jack (August 23, 1936). "Governor Olson Dies - Loses His Long Fight Against Stomach Cancer". Star Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  123. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 790–791.
  124. ↑ "Elmer Austin Benson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  125. ↑ "Elmer Austin Benson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  126. 1 2 "Benson Takes Over Reins as Governor of Minnesota". The Minneapolis Star. January 4, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  127. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 791.
  128. ↑ "Harold Edward Stassen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  129. ↑ "Harold Edward Stassen". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  130. 1 2 "New 'First Family' at Ceremony". The Minneapolis Star. January 3, 1939. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  131. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 792.
  132. ↑ "Edward John Thye". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  133. ↑ "Edward John Thye". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  134. 1 2 Halloran, M. W. (April 27, 1943). "Ed Thye Becomes State's First Farmer-Governor As Stassen Starts Navy Duty". The Minneapolis Star. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  135. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 792–793.
  136. ↑ "Luther Wallace Youngdahl". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  137. ↑ "Luther Wallace Youngdahl". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  138. 1 2 Halloran, M. W. (January 8, 1947). "Youngdahl Asks State Luxury Levy". The Minneapolis Star. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  139. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 793.
  140. ↑ "Clyde Elmer Anderson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  141. ↑ "C. Elmer Anderson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  142. 1 2 "C. Elmer Anderson Takes Oath As 28th Governor". The Winona Daily News. Associated Press. September 27, 1951. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  143. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 794.
  144. ↑ "Orville Lothrop Freeman". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  145. ↑ "Orville L. Freeman". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  146. 1 2 Mitchell, Wallace (January 5, 1955). "Freeman Sworn In, Urges Teamwork, Public Support". The Minneapolis Star. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  147. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 794–795.
  148. ↑ "Elmer Lee Andersen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  149. ↑ "Elmer Lee Andersen". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  150. 1 2 "Andersen Vows to Set 'Partisanship' Aside". St. Cloud Times. Associated Press. January 4, 1961. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  151. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 795–796.
  152. ↑ "Karl Fritjof Rolvaag". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  153. ↑ "Karl F. Rolvaag". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  154. 1 2 "Rolvaag Takes Oath As 31st Governor". The Minneapolis Star. March 25, 1963. p. 1A. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  155. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 796.
  156. ↑ "Harold LeVander". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  157. ↑ "Harold P. LeVander". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  158. 1 2 Mona, Dave (January 3, 1967). "LeVander Takes Governor's Oath". Star Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  159. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 796–797.
  160. ↑ "Wendell Richard Anderson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  161. ↑ "Wendell R. Anderson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  162. 1 2 Talle, Jim (January 4, 1971). "Anderson Becomes Governor of State". The Minneapolis Star. p. 4. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  163. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 797.
  164. 1 2 "Rudolph George Perpich". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  165. 1 2 3 4 "Rudy G. Perpich". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  166. 1 2 "Takes Office". The Winona Daily News. Associated Press. December 30, 1976. p. 3. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  167. ↑ "Albert Harold Quie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  168. 1 2 "Albert H. Quie". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  169. 1 2 "New Administration Receives Oath at Capitol". Star Tribune. January 2, 1979. p. 2B. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  170. 1 2 Sturdevant, Lori (January 4, 1983). "Perpich Takes Oath in Hibbing". Star Tribune. p. 1A. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  171. ↑ "Arne Helge Carlson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  172. 1 2 "Arne H. Carlson". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  173. 1 2 Wilson, Betty (January 8, 1991). "37th Governor Sworn In at Capitol". Star Tribune. p. 1A. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  174. ↑ "Jesse Ventura". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  175. 1 2 "Jesse Ventura". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  176. 1 2 Whereatt, Robert; deFiebre, Conrad (January 5, 1999). "With Expected Flair, the Unexpected Governor Promises Honesty and a Pledge To Do His Best". Star Tribune. p. A1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  177. ↑ "Reform Party separates from national party, reclaims Independence Party label". The Winona Daily News. AP. March 5, 2000. p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
  178. ↑ "Tim Pawlenty". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  179. 1 2 "Tim J. Pawlenty". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  180. 1 2 Smith, Dane (January 7, 2003). "Saluting State's Spirit, Pawlenty Takes Helm". Star Tribune. p. A1. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  181. ↑ "Mark Dayton". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  182. 1 2 "Mark B. Dayton". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  183. 1 2 Sommerhauser, Mark (January 4, 2011). "Challenges Await New Governor". St. Cloud Times. p. 1A. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  184. 1 2 "Tim Walz". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  185. 1 2 Salisbury, Bill (January 8, 2019). "Tim Walz Sworn In As MN Governor; Inaugural Speech Calls for Unity". Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  186. ↑ Bakst, Brian (January 2, 2023). "In 2nd inaugural, Walz vows end to 'era of gridlock'". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
  187. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kallenbach 1977, p. 314.
  188. ↑ Thorpe 1909, p. 2003.
  189. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota Senate, 1862 sess. p. 17.
  190. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1868 sess. p. 21.
  191. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kallenbach 1977, p. 315.
  192. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1872 sess. p. 20.
  193. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. "Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1878 sess". p. 24.
  194. ↑ "Inauguration Day". The Saint Paul Globe. January 11, 1880. p. 1.
  195. ↑ "His Second Term". The Saint Paul Globe. January 8, 1884. p. 1.
  196. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kallenbach 1977, p. 316.
  197. ↑ "The State Officers". The Minneapolis Star Tribune. January 6, 1891. p. 1.
  198. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1895 sess. p. 11.
  199. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1897 sess. p. 14.
  200. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1903 sess. p. 14.
  201. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kallenbach 1977, p. 317.
  202. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1907 sess. p. 23.
  203. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1909 sess. p. 19.
  204. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1911 sess. p. 14.
  205. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1913 sess. p. 41.
  206. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1917 sess. p. 20.
  207. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kallenbach 1977, p. 318.
  208. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1919 sess. p. 43.
  209. ↑ Minnesota Legislature. Journal of the Minnesota House of Representatives, 1923 sess. p. 36.
  210. ↑ "Christianson Puts O.K. on Crime Report in Inaugural". Minneapolis Star Tribune. January 5, 1927. p. 1.
  211. ↑ "Gov. Christianson Is Inaugurated for Third Term". Brainerd Dispatch. January 9, 1929. p. 1.
  212. ↑ "Governor Advances Program". January 4, 1933. p. 1.
  213. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kallenbach 1977, p. 319.
  214. ↑ "Olson Starts Third Term as State Leader". January 9, 1935. p. 1.
  215. ↑ "Stassen Calls on Solons to Push Defense". The Minneapolis Star. January 8, 1941. p. 1.
  216. ↑ "Stassen to Talk Today". The Duluth News Tribune. January 6, 1943. p. 1.
  217. ↑ "Gov. Ed J. Thye Takes Office Today and Urges Strong Post-War Plan". Brainerd Dispatch. January 3, 1945. p. 1.
  218. ↑ "Youngdahl Takes Oath As Governor". Brainerd Dispatch. January 6, 1949. p. 1.
  219. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kallenbach 1977, p. 320.
  220. ↑ "Youngdahl Stresses Welfare". The Minneapolis Star. January 3, 1951. p. 1.
  221. ↑ "Anderson Sworn in as Governor". The Austin Daily Herald. January 7, 1953. p. 1.
  222. ↑ "Freeman Asks School Aid Hike, Overhaul of State Tax System". The Minneapolis Star. January 9, 1957. p. 1.
  223. ↑ "Freeman Gives 3rd Inaugural Address". The Globe. January 7, 1959. p. 1.
  224. ↑ Kallenbach 1977, p. 321.
  225. ↑ "Reception Mixed to Anderson Talk". The Duluth News Tribune. January 9, 1975. p. 1.
  226. ↑ "Governor, 1978". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  227. ↑ "Governor, 1982". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  228. ↑ "Governor, 1986". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  229. ↑ "Capitol New Year". St. Cloud Times. January 6, 1987. p. 1.
  230. ↑ "Governor, 1990". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  231. ↑ "Governor, 1994". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  232. ↑ "Carlson Begins His Second Term; Talks About Children and Change". The Globe. January 4, 1995. p. 3.
  233. ↑ "Governor, 1998". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  234. ↑ "Governor, 2002". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  235. ↑ "Governor, 2006". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  236. ↑ "Pawlenty Starts 2nd Term". The Pioneer. January 3, 2007. p. 1.
  237. ↑ "Governor, 2010". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  238. ↑ "Governor, 2014". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  239. ↑ "Dayton stresses education in second inaugural speech". MPRNews. January 5, 2015.
  240. ↑ "Governor, 2018". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  241. ↑ "Governor, 2022". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved September 24, 2026.
  242. ↑ "In 2nd inaugural, Walz vows end to 'era of gridlock'". MPRNews. January 2, 2023.

Bibliography

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