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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhy did art go to Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Brussels? It was a brush with royalty.

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Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Brussels
  • Académie royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles (French)
  • Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten van Brussel (Dutch)
Façade of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Rue du Midi/Zuidstraat, Brussels
TypeArt school
Established1711 (315 years ago) (1711)
Location
Brussels
,
Belgium

50°50′38″N 4°20′52″E / 50.8440°N 4.3477°E / 50.8440; 4.3477
Websitearba-esa.be/en
Map

The Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Brussels (French: Académie royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles [akademi ʁwajal de boz‿aʁ də bʁysɛl], ArBA-EsA; Dutch: Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten van Brussel [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˌaːkaːˈdeːmi voːr ˈsxoːnə ˈkʏnstə(ɱ) vɑm ˈbrʏsəl]) is an art school in Brussels, Belgium, founded in 1711. Starting from modest beginnings in a single room in Brussels' Town Hall, it has since 1876 been operating from a former convent and orphanage in the Rue du Midi/Zuidstraat, which was converted by the architect Victor Jamaer [fr]. The school has played an important role in training leading local artists.[1]

History

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Origins

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Brussels' Town Hall, where the Academy draws its origins

Historically, artistic training in Brussels was organised in traditional workshops, where masters would teach their skills to apprentices. The masters needed to be registered with their local guild to be able to practice their craft. On 30 September 1711, the magistrate of the City of Brussels granted the guilds of painters, sculptors, weavers, as well as other amateurs, the use of a room in the Town Hall to teach drawing classes to their pupils. On 16 October of the same year, some sort of school was established at these premises to organise the classes. This school would concentrate mainly on teaching drawing.[a]

In 1737, the school adopted its first rules. The city assumed some costs, including those for the models. A few decades later, however, disagreement broke out. The classes moved to the 't Gulden Hoofd inn and were even suspended for a while. The Bruges painter Bernard Verschoot took over the school's leadership and tried to put it back on the rails with a heavy hand. The Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, put the school under his high protection in 1762. His attention went mainly to the Department of Architecture. The school was re-established in 1768 as the Académie de Peinture, Sculpture et Architecture ("Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture"), with funds raised through a public subscription. Inspiration was found in the French model. A year later, the school returned to the Town Hall. In 1795, the Academy was closed following the conquest of Brussels by French revolutionary troops.

Resurgence under François-Joseph Navez

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In 1829, the Academy moved into the Granvelle Palace (since demolished). The following year, François-Joseph Navez became director. He organised the school and expanded it. In 1832, the Academy relocated to the basement of the left wing of the Palace of Industry. From 1835 to 1836, Navez's plans were implemented. In 1836, the Academy was awarded the privilege of using the adjective "Royal" as part of its name. Panel painting was declared to another important department; it was based on the first golden age of Dutch painting. However, there were tensions at the Academy for some time regarding the yet propagated neoclassical style. In addition to painting and sculpture, architectural education became increasingly important, though it never achieved the status of a pioneering teaching and training facility.[b]

Drawing of the Academy's plan (Jamaer, 1876)

In 1876, the Academy moved to the school buildings on the Rue du Midi/Zuidstraat, in what was the former Bogards' convent, which had meanwhile served as an orphanage. The architect Victor Jamaer [fr] managed to incorporate the entire school within the limited space of the existing ensemble. On that occasion, the façade was redesigned in the neoclassical style. The Academy remains there to this day. From 5 January 1889, women were also allowed to participate in a class for advanced students.[c] At the end of the 19th century, the modern LUCA Campus Sint-Lukas Brussels was founded, a strong competition. Under the direction of Charles van der Stappen, the Academy gained even greater prestige. The training offer at that time even included literature and photography.

In the European art scene around the turn of the 20th century, Brussels drew forth as a training centre in the shadow of Paris.[d] Since 1889, Brussels had been the uncrowned capital of Art Nouveau, especially in architecture, which had its triumphal procession through Prof. Victor Horta.[e] The Academy managed the step to another centre of the avant-garde in panel painting. The Academy and its students went on to influence the development of Realism, Symbolism, Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and the newly incipient Expressionism. These were all precursors of modern art.

The Academy's entrance on the Rue du Midi in 1935 (photo by Léon van Dievoet)

In 1912, Horta had made changes to the organisation of the school. A system of studios was created, as it was recommended by Paul Bonduelle and Émile Lambot.[f][g] In 1936, the Royal Order was made to the formation of the separate Department of Architecture.

Changes in organisation and teaching after 1945

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In 1949, a small Department of Planning and Urban Development was established. Architectural studies got the rank of university education. In 1972, the Department of Artistic Humanities was established. In 1977, the Department of Architecture finally acquired its autonomy. Also in 1977, the Institut supérieur d'architecture Victor Horta, named after the Art Nouveau architect and former director, was founded. In 1980, higher second-degree education and new courses were introduced. In 2009, the Faculty of Architecture of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) was founded. This followed the merger of two architectural schools: the Institut supérieur d'architecture Victor Horta (ISAVH) and the Institut supérieur d'architecture de la Communauté française La Cambre (ISACF).

Nowadays, ARBA is one of the sixteen art schools of the French Community of Belgium. Programmes are offered for Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in the fields of design, art and media, as well as doctoral studies. The Academy has been an ESA (Ecole Supérieure des Arts - Art College) with a university orientation. In addition, it is part of the Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB), founded in 2001. The school is sometimes confused with the Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB) and the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium, both separate institutions, as well as the French Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris, part of the Institut de France.

Faculty and alumni

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Includes some of the most famous names in Belgian painting, sculpture, and architecture:

Notable directors and professors

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Notable students

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Footnotes

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  1. ↑ The principle of master and apprentice was left. This new school-system ultimately led to a loss of the specialised knowledge accumulated in the past by the respective guilds.
  2. ↑ In 1842, the Palladio Society was founded. It emerged from the class of the then-professor Tilman-François Suys. Its aim was to promote students in their learning path. Later, it began advising architects on all professional matters. Since 1936, the Palladian society's aims and objectives have been represented by the SADBr, which should be considered its successor organisation.
  3. ↑ At this point, Europe moved away from the social perspective that women were assigned to amateurism. With this opening, they gained the right to be recognised as full-fledged artists. The term can be seen in the sense of Friedrich Schiller and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
  4. ↑ The Salon in Paris had reached its zenith at the time and thus lost its leading role.
  5. ↑ In architecture, the flow of eclecticism must not be ignored, which is a combination of neoclassicism and Art Nouveau. In Brussels, the façades of new buildings adopted this architectural design, too. Even abroad, this style has been taken by architects and builders as a model for their projects. Among the most influential architects in Belgium were Paul Picquet, Jean Baes, Fernand Conrad, Henri Beyaert and Paul Hankar.
  6. ↑ Since 1954, the Paul Bonduelle Prix in architecture of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Brussels is awarded.
  7. ↑ Émile Lambot was one of the key architects of the Belgian Art Nouveau style.

References

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  1. ↑ "300 years of history of the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts". City of Brussels. Retrieved 7 March 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 August 2006. Retrieved 30 June 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) RDK Netherlands Institute for Art History
  3. ↑ Académie royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles
  4. ↑ "Legrand, Mercédès". Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford University Press. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00106844. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
  5. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 August 2006. Retrieved 30 June 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) RDK Netherlands Institute for Art History
  6. ↑ Académie royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles

Exhibitions

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  • Academie Royale des Beaux-arts et Ecole des Arts decoratifs de Bruxelles. Exposition centennale 1800–1900
  • 1987: Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles, 275 ans d'enseignement, from 07.05 - 28.06.1987
  • 2007: Art, anatomie trois siècles d'évolution des représentations du corps, Académie royale des Beaux-arts de Bruxelles, 20.04. - 16.05.2007

Bibliography

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  • Academie Royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles. 275 ans d'enseignement = 275 jaar onderwijs aan de Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten van Brussel., Crédit Communal, Brussels, 1987, ISBN 2-87193-030-9
  • Academie Royale des Beaux-arts et École des Arts décoratifs de Bruxelles. Exposition centennale 1800–1900
  • A. W. Hammacher: Amsterdamsche Impressionisten en hun Kring. J.M. Meulenhoff, Amsterdam, 1946
  • Wiepke Loos, Carel van Tuyll van Serooskerken: Waarde Hoer Allebé – Leven en werk van August Allebé (1838–1927). Waanders, Zwolle, 1988, ISBN 90-6630-124-4
  • Sheila D. Muller: Dutch Art – An Encyclopedia. Routledge, 2013, ISBN 978-1-135-49574-9
  • Jean Bouret: L'École de Barbizon et le paysage française au XIXe siècle. Neuchâtel, 1972
  • Georges Pillement: Les Pré-Impressionistes. Zug, 1972, OCLC 473774777
  • Nathalia Brodskaya: Impressionismus. Parkstone Books, New York, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85995-652-6
  • Norma Broude: Impressionismus. an international movement, 1860–1920 ("World impressionism"). Dumont, Cologne, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8321-7454-5
  • Jean-Paul Crespelle: Les Fauves, Origines et Evolution, Office du Livre, Fribourg, und Edition Georg Popp, Würzburg, 1981, ISBN 3-88155-088-7
  • Jean Leymarie: Fauvismus, Editions d'Art, Albert Skira Verlag, Geneva, 1959
  • Kristian Sotriffer: Expressionismus und Fauvismus. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., Vienna, 1971
  • Jean-Luc Rispail: Les surréalistes. Une génération entre le rêve et l'action (= Découvertes Gallimard. 109). Gallimard, Paris, 2005, ISBN 2-05-053140-0
  • David Britt: Modern Art - Impressionism to Post-Modernism. Thames & Hudson, London, 2007, ISBN 978-0-500-23841-7
  • Sandro Bocola: Die Kunst der Moderne. Zur Struktur und Dynamik ihrer Entwicklung. Von Goya bis Beuys. Prestel, Munich/New York, 1994, ISBN 3-7913-1889-6. (Neuauflage im Psychosozial-Verlag, Gießen, Lahn 2013, ISBN 978-3-8379-2215-8)
  • Sam Phillips: Moderne Kunst verstehen - Vom Impressionismus ins 21. Jahrhundert. A. Seemann Henschel, Leipzig, 2013, ISBN 978-3-86502-316-2
  • Pierre Daix, Joan Rosselet: Picasso - The Cubist Years 1907–1916., Thames & Hudson, London, 1979, ISBN 0-500-09134-X
  • Michael White: De Stijl and Dutch Modernism (= Critical Perspectives in Art History). Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-6162-8
  • Thomas, Karin: Blickpunkt der Moderne: Eine Geschichte von der Romantik bis heute. Verlag M. DuMont, Cologne, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8321-9333-1

Sources

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  • Wikimedia Commons logo Media related to Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Brussels at Wikimedia Commons
  • Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts (in French)
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