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Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Muṁbaī Mahānagara Pradēśa
Greater Mumbai (MMR)
Metropolitan area
From top, left to right:
Map
Interactive map of Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Country India
State Maharashtra
Core cityMumbai
DistrictsMumbai City
Mumbai Suburban
Thane
Palghar
Raigad
Government
 • TypeUrban Planning Agency
 • BodyMumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority
Area
 • Metro
6,328 km2 (2,443 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Metro
26,598,000
 • Metro density4,203/km2 (10,890/sq mi)
Demonym(s)In Broader sense: Mumbaikar, Mumbaiite

In Narrower sense: Thanekar, Navi Mumbaikar, Kalyankar, Bhiwandikar, Vasaikar, etc.
GDP
 • MetroUS$ 277.98 billion (nominal)[2][3]
US$ 400 billion (PPP)[4][5]
Time zoneUTC+5.30 (IST)
PINs
400xxx
Websitemmrda.maharashtra.gov.in
Satellite image of Mumbai metropolitan region

Mumbai Metropolitan Region (ISO: Muṁbaī Mahānagara Pradēśa; abbreviated to MMR and previously also known as Greater Bombay Metropolitan Area),[6][7] is a metropolitan area consisting of Mumbai and its satellite towns on Salsette Island and in adjacent mainland areas in the northern Konkan division of Maharashtra in western India. The region has an area of 6,328 square kilometres (2,443 sq mi)[8] and with a population of over 26 million it is among the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.[9]

Developing over a period of about 20 years, it consists of nine municipal corporations and eight smaller municipal councils. The entire area is overseen by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA), a state-owned organisation in charge of town planning, development, transportation and housing in the region.

The MMRDA was formed to address challenges in planning and development of integrated infrastructure for the metropolitan region. The areas outside Brihanmumbai (Greater Mumbai) and Navi Mumbai have lacked organised development. Navi Mumbai, developed as one of the largest planned cities in the world, was promoted by a state government-owned company, City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO).

The region has had problems related to haphazard and illegal development as a result of rapid urbanisation. Villages along the NH 3 in Bhiwandi are examples of haphazard developments in the MMR, with some of the largest warehousing areas in India. Government agencies such as the Town Planner and Collector of Thane have had challenges in addressing unorganised development.

Area

[edit]
Municipal Bodies Type Districts Area

(km2)

 Population

(2011 Census)

Greater Mumbai Corporation Mumbai City 479 12,442,373
Mumbai Suburban
Bhiwandi-Nizampur Thane 28 709,665
Kalyan-Dombivli 57 1,247,327
Mira-Bhayandar 79.4 809,378
Navi Mumbai 108.63 1,120,547
Raigad
Panvel 110 311,434
Thane Thane 128 1,841,488
Ulhasnagar 13 506,098
Vasai-Virar Palghar 311 1,222,390
Ambarnath Council Thane 38 253,475
Badlapur 38.68 174,226
Uran Raigad 17.78 23,251
Matheran 5.14 5,139
Karjat 25.54 29,663
Khopoli 58.66 108,648
Pen 30.20 37,852
Alibag 19.49 236,167

Districts

[edit]
  1. Mumbai City (complete)[10]
  2. Mumbai Suburban (complete)
  3. Thane (partial)
  4. Raigad (partial)
  5. Palghar (partial)

Transport

[edit]

Being one of the largest cities in India since and a regional center during the colonial period, Mumbai has an extensive transport network consisting of railways, buses, a rapidly expanding metro system, the only monorail line in India as well as a former tramway system that was discontinued in 1964. Taxis dominate the Mumbai City District, while auto-rickshaws are prevalent in the rest of the metropolitan region.

Railway

[edit]

The first passenger train in India from Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (Bori Bunder railway station) in Mumbai to Thane ran on 16 April 1853 on the track laid by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway. The Mumbai Suburban Railway serves the region, being operated by the Western Railways and the Central Railways. The Suburban Railway, colloquially called "Local trains" or simply "Locals" is the busiest suburban railway system in India as well as one of the busiest commuter rail systems in the world, with an annual ridership of 2.64 billion.[11][12][13][14]

No. Line Name Terminals Stations Distance (km)
1 Western Line Churchgate Dahanu Road 39 124 km (77 mi)
2 Central Line Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Kasara 62 181 km (112 mi)
Khopoli
3 Harbour Line Panvel 35 74 km (46 mi)
Goregaon
4 Trans-Harbour Line Thane Vashi 17 38 km (24 mi)
Panvel
5 Port Line Nerul Uran 10 27 km (17 mi)
CBD Belapur
6 Vasai Road–Roha Line Vasai Road Roha 23 N/a
7 Panvel-Karjat Railway Corridor Panvel Karjat 5 30 km (19 mi)

Metro

[edit]

Mumbai Metropolitan Region has 3 metro systems covering the region. 2 of these, Mumbai Metro and Navi Mumbai Metro are operational, while the Thane Metro system is under construction. Mumbai Metro will serve all municipal corporations, while Navi Mumbai Metro and Thane Metro exist primarily to serve their respective cities. Mumbai Metro has an operational length of 90.95 km (56.51 mi) while Navi Mumbai Metro has an operational length of 11.10 km (6.90 mi). In addition, Mumbai Metro has several new lines and extensions under construction totalling to 132.45 km (82.30 mi). Thane Metro has a proposed length of 29 km (18 mi).

Mumbai is also home to Mumbai Monorail, the only monorail system in the country, which serves the eastern localities of Mumbai City district.

Mumbai
No. Line Name Terminals Stations Distance (km) Status
1 Blue Versova Ghatkopar 12 11.40 km (7.08 mi) Operational
2 Yellow Dahisar East Andheri West 17 18.6 km (11.6 mi) Operational
Andheri West Mandala 20 23.6 km (14.7 mi) Partially Operational
3 Aqua Aarey JVLR Cuffe Parade 27 33.53 km (20.83 mi) Operational
4 Green Gaimukh Bhakti Park (Wadala) 36 32.32 km (20.08 mi) Under Construction
Shivaji Chowk (Mira Road) Gaimukh 4 9.37 km (5.82 mi) Proposed
Bhakti Park (Wadala) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus 10 12.68 km (7.88 mi) Proposed
5 Orange Kapurbawdi Bhiwandi 8 12.81 km (7.96 mi) Under Construction
Bhiwandi Kalyan APMC 9 11.48 km (7.13 mi) Proposed
Kalyan APMC Taloja 17 20.75 km (12.89 mi) Under Construction
6 Pink Swami Samarth Nagar (Lokhandwala) Vikhroli EEH 13 14.47 km (8.99 mi) Under Construction
7 Red Dahisar East Gundavali 14 16.5 km (10.3 mi) Operational
Gundavali Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - T2 2 3.17 km (1.97 mi) Proposed
Dahisar East Subhash Chandra Bose Stadium 8 11.38 km (7.07 mi) Partially Operational
Navi Mumbai
8 Line 1 CBD Belapur Pendhar 11 11.10 km (6.90 mi) Operational
Thane
9 Integral Ring Thane Junction Shivaji Chowk 22 29 km (18 mi) Under Construction
Monorail
10 Mumbai Monorail Chembur Sant Gadge Maharaj Chowk 17 19.54 km

(12.13 mi)

 Operational

Air

[edit]
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, one of the two airports serving the region

The region has two airports, one located in Greater Mumbai called Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport and the other, Navi Mumbai International Airport is located in Navi Mumbai. There is also one aerodrome known as the Juhu Aerodrome, which is only used for general aviation.

Bus

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "MMR Population MMRDA". MMRDA. 18 January 2025.
  2. ↑ "Global Wealth GDP Nominal Distribution: Who Are The Leaders Of The Global Economy? - Full Size". www.visualcapitalist.com. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  3. ↑ "Mumbai-C40 cities". C40.org. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  4. ↑ "Mumbai 17th in global GDP list, says survey". 3 June 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  5. ↑ "India needs its own $1 trillion states; Is Mumbai the answer?". financialexpress.com. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  6. ↑ Segbers, Klaus; Raiser, Simon; Segbers; Volkmann, Krister (2007). The Making of Global City Regions: Johannesburg, Mumbai/Bombay, São Paulo, and Shanghai. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801885150.
  7. ↑ Verma, Harnam Singh (1985). "Bombay, New Bombay, and Metropolitan Region: Growth Process and Planning Lessons".
  8. ↑ "Metropolitan region now covers Palghar, Vasai | Mumbai News - Times of India". The Times of India. 21 February 2019.
  9. ↑ "INDIA STATS: Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011". Press Information Bureau, Mumbai. National Informatics Centre (NIC). Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  10. ↑ "Mumbai metropolitan area" (in Italian). Projectsecoa.eu. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  11. ↑ Mondal, Bhaswati; Samanta, Gopa (26 July 2021). Mobilities in India: The Experience of Suburban Rail Commuting. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-78350-1.
  12. ↑ Grover, Aakriti; Singh, R. B. (25 October 2019). Urban Health and Wellbeing: Indian Case Studies. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-13-6671-0.
  13. ↑ Sandten, Cecile; Bauer, Annika (27 September 2016). Re-Inventing the Postcolonial (in the) Metropolis. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-32876-1.
  14. ↑ Satapathy, Suresh Chandra; Joshi, Amit (30 December 2018). Information and Communication Technology for Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of ICTIS 2018, Volume 1. Springer. ISBN 978-981-13-1742-2.
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18°58′00″N 72°50′00″E / 18.9667°N 72.8333°E / 18.9667; 72.8333

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