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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhy was the Arctic research data chilly? It had polar opinions.

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Map of the countries with research stations in the Arctic
Countries with research stations in the Arctic (blue)
Location of some of the major research stations in the Arctic

A number of governments maintain permanent research stations in the Arctic. Also known as Arctic bases, polar stations or ice stations, these bases are widely distributed across the northern polar region of Earth.

Historically few research stations have been permanent. Most of them were temporary, being abandoned after the completion of the project or owing to lack of funding to continue the research. Some of these were military or listening posts created as a result of the proximity of the United States and Soviet Union to each other's landmass across the polar region.

Ice stations are constructed on land or on ice that rests on land, while others are drifting ice stations built on the sea ice of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean.[1]

Research stations

[edit]
Active research stations
Station name Location Operating country Est. Population
Summer Winter
Abisko Scientific Research StationAbisko, SápmiSweden19031212
Adam Mickiewicz University Polar StationPetuniabukta, Svalbard, NorwayPoland2011
Alomar Observatory[2]Andøya Space, Andøya, SvalbardNorway1994
Yellow River StationNy-Ålesund, Svalbard, NorwayChina2003252
AWIPEV Arctic Research Station
(Rabot/Jean Corbel Stations)		Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, NorwayFrance
Germany		2003/196340/<83
Barrow Observatory[3]Point Barrow, AlaskaUnited States197322
Canadian High Arctic Research Station[4]
(CHARS) campus		Cambridge Bay, NunavutCanada20192626
E. K. Fyodorov Hydrometeorological Observatory
(ex Chelyuskin Polar Station)[5]		Cape Chelyuskin, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		1932
Chetyrokhstolbovoy Polar Station[6]Medvezhyi Islands, SakhaRussia
Soviet Union		1933
China-Iceland Arctic Science Observatory
(CIAO)[7][8]		Kárhóll, IcelandChina
Iceland		2018
Churchill Northern Studies Centre
(CNSC)[9]		Churchill, ManitobaCanada197688
Czech Arctic Research Station[10]Longyearbyen and Petuniabukta,
Svalbard, Norway		Czech Republic201442
DaneborgWollaston Foreland, GreenlandDenmark194412
DanmarkshavnDove Bay, GreenlandDenmark19066
Dirigibile Italia Arctic StationNy-Ålesund, Svalbard, NorwayItaly19977
Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch ObservatoryAlert, NunavutCanada1986
Flashline Mars Arctic Research StationDevon Island, NunavutCanada200199
Gurreholm Research StationJameson Land, GreenlandDenmark1937
Himadri[11]Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, NorwayIndia20088
Igloolik Research Centre[12]Igloolik, NunavutCanada19752210
IndARC[13]Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, NorwayIndia2014
International Biological Station Lena-Nordenskiöld[14]Tiksi, SakhaRussia1995
Iqaluit Research Centre[15][16]Iqaluit, NunavutCanada19782010
Kevo Research Station[17]KevoFinland1958127
Kilpisjärvi Biological Station[18][19]KilpisjärviFinland1964
Kiruna Atmospheric and Geophysical Observatory[20][21]KirunaSweden1957
Kluane Lake Research Station[22]Kluane Lake, YukonCanada196135
Koldewey StationNy-Ålesund, Svalbard, NorwayGermany1991
Labytnangi Ecological Research Station[23]Labytnangi, Yamalo-NenetsRussia
Soviet Union		195425
McGill Arctic Research Station[24]Axel Heiberg Island, NunavutCanada1960120
MestersvigScoresby Land, GreenlandDenmark1956402
Mývatn Research StationMývatnIceland1975
Netherlands Arctic Station, Univ Groningen[25]Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, NorwayNetherlands1995
Nicolaus Copernicus University Polar StationKaffiøyra, Svalbard, NorwayPoland197520
Station NordPrincess Ingeborg Peninsula, GreenlandDenmark1952255
Northeast Science Station[26]Chersky, SakhaRussia
Soviet Union		1977655
Ny-Ålesund[27]Spitsbergen, SvalbardNorway196711735
Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory
(PEARL)[28][29]		Eureka, NunavutCanada1993
Polish Polar StationHornsund, Svalbard, NorwayPoland195710
Prima Polar Station[30]Cape Baranov, Bolshevik Island,
Severnaya Zemlya		Russia
Soviet Union		1986
Samoylov Station[31]Lena Delta Wildlife Reserve, SakhaRussia1998168
Sermilik StationAmmassalik Island, GreenlandAustria
Denmark		1970, 2023306
Sodankylä Arctic Research Centre[32]SodankyläFinland19493020
Stanisław Baranowski Spitsbergen Polar StationWerenskioldbreen, Svalbard, NorwayPoland1971
Summit StationNear summit of the
Greenland ice sheet, Greenland		United States1989505
Thule Research Station[33]Pituffik, GreenlandDenmark199510
Toolik Field Station[34]Toolik Lake, AlaskaUnited States1975175
Troynoy Island Polar Station[35]Izvestiy TSIK Islands, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		195350
Tundra Ecosystem Research Station
(TERS)[36][37]		Daring Lake, Northwest TerritoriesCanada1994300
University of Copenhagen Arctic StationQeqertarsuaq, GreenlandDenmark190639
Ward Hunt Island Observatory Research Station[38]Ward Hunt Island, NunavutCanada195790
Western Arctic Research Centre[39]Inuvik, Northwest TerritoriesCanada[40]196434
Whapmagoostui-Kuujjuarapik Research Complex[41]Whapmagoostui, QuebecCanada197128
White Sea Biological Station
(WSBS MSU)[42]		Chupa, Republic of KareliaRussia
Soviet Union		193818050
Villum Research Station[43]Station Nord, North GreenlandDenmark199014
Vize Island Arctic Research StationVize Island, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		19450
Zackenberg StationWollaston Foreland, GreenlandDenmark1997250
ZeppelinZeppelinfjellet, SvalbardNorway1990
Inactive research stations
Station name Location Operating country Est. Closed Status
Begichev Polar StationMaly Begichev Island, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		Abandoned
Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Polar Station[44]Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island. SakhaRussia
Soviet Union		Abandoned
Borg wintering stationOff Borgjøkel, Queen Louise Land, GreenlandDenmark19121913Abandoned
EismitteGreenland ice sheet, GreenlandGermany19301931Abandoned
Britannia Sø Field CampBritannia Lake, Queen Louise Land, GreenlandUnited Kingdom19521954Abandoned
BrønlundhusPeary Land, GreenlandDenmark1947Transformed into a museum
Buor-Khaya Polar Station[45]Buor-Khaya Gulf, SakhaRussia
Soviet Union		Abandoned
Centrumsø Research StationCentrum Lake, GreenlandDenmark1954Abandoned
Dye 3Four different locations in southern GreenlandUnited States19711991
Ernst Krenkel ObservatoryHayes Island (Heiss Island), Arkhangelsk OblastSoviet Union19561980
Golomyanniy Island Polar Station[46][47]Sredniy Island, off Severnaya ZemlyaRussia
Soviet Union		1954
Heiberg Polar Station[48]Heiberg Islands, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		19401995
Isachsen StationEllef Ringnes Island, NunavutCanada19481978
Izluchin Polar StationKomsomolets Island, Severnaya Zemlya, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		Abandoned
Kap Harald MoltkePeary Land, GreenlandDenmark1972
Kigilyakh Research Station[49]Kigilyakh Peninsula, Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island, New Siberian IslandsRussia
Soviet Union
Kolyuchin Polar StationKolyuchin Island, ChukotkaRussia
Soviet Union		1990sAbandoned
Lavrentiya Research StationLavrentiya, ChukotkaRussia
Soviet Union
NEEM CampNorthern Greenland ice sheet, GreenlandDenmark20082015
North IceNorthern Greenland ice sheet, GreenlandUnited Kingdom19521954
OststationJameson Land, GreenlandGermany19301931Abandoned
Peschanny Polar StationCape Unslicht, Bolshevik Island, Severnaya ZemlyaRussia
Soviet Union		Abandoned
Popov Polar Station[50]Bely Island, Yamalo-NenetsRussia
Soviet Union		19332001
Preobrazheniya Polar StationPreobrazheniya Island, SakhaRussia
Soviet Union		Abandoned
Provideniya Research StationProvideniya, ChukotkaRussia
Soviet Union
Resolute Nunavut Station[51]Resolute, NunavutCanada1947
Russky Island Arctic Station[52]Russky Island, Nordenskiöld Archipelago, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		19351999
Samuila Polar StationSamuila Island, Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		Abandoned
Solnechny Polar Station[53]Solnechny Bay, Bolshevik Island, Severnaya ZemlyaRussia
Soviet Union		1952Abandoned
Stolbovoy Meteorological Station[54]Stolbovoy Island, SakhaRussia
Soviet Union		Abandoned
Tuktoyaktuk Station[55]Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest TerritoriesCanada1997
Tyrtov Island Polar StationTyrtov Island, Nordenskiöld Archipelago, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		19401975
Uedineniya Polar StationUyedineniya Island, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		1996
Ushakov Island Polar StationUshakov Island, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union		19541980s
Vavilov Meteorological Station[56]October Revolution Island, Severnaya ZemlyaRussia
Soviet Union		19741988
Willem Barents Biological Station[57]Meduza Bay, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union
Wrangel Island Cape Blossom Station[58]Cape Blossom, Wrangel Island, ChukotkaRussia
Soviet Union
Wrangel Island Ushakovskoye Station[59]Ushakovskoye, Wrangel Island, ChukotkaRussia
Soviet Union
Yenisei Ecological Station[60]Mirnoye, Turukhansky District, Krasnoyarsk KraiRussia
Soviet Union

Drifting ice stations

[edit]
Station name Head of the first shift Drift start date Drift end date Drift start coordinate Drift end coordinate Drift distance
(km2) (sq mi)
North Pole-1I.D.PapaninMay 21, 1937February 19, 193889°25′N 78°40′W / 89.417°N 78.667°W / 89.417; -78.667 (North Pole-1 (start))70°40′N 19°16′W / 70.667°N 19.267°W / 70.667; -19.267 (North Pole-1 (finish))2,8501,770
North Pole-2M.M.SomovApril 2, 1950April 11, 195176°03′N 166°36′W / 76.050°N 166.600°W / 76.050; -166.600 (North Pole-2 (start))81°44′N 163°48′W / 81.733°N 163.800°W / 81.733; -163.800 (North Pole-2 (finish))2,6001,600
Fletcher's Ice Island19521978
North Pole-3A.F.TrioshnikovApril 4, 1954April 20, 195585°58′N 175°00′W / 85.967°N 175.000°W / 85.967; -175.000 (North Pole-3 (start))86°00′N 24°00′W / 86.000°N 24.000°W / 86.000; -24.000 (North Pole-3 (finish))1,8651,159
North Pole-4E.I.TolstikovApril 8, 1954April 19, 195775°48′N 178°25′W / 75.800°N 178.417°W / 75.800; -178.417 (North Pole-4 (start))85°52′N 00°00′W / 85.867°N -0.000°E / 85.867; -0.000 (North Pole-4 (finish))6,9704,330
North Pole-5N.A.VolkovApril 21, 1955October 8, 195682°10′N 156°51′E / 82.167°N 156.850°E / 82.167; 156.850 (North Pole-5 (start))84°18′N 63°20′E / 84.300°N 63.333°E / 84.300; 63.333 (North Pole-5 (finish))3,6302,260
North Pole-6K.A.SychevApril 19, 1956September 14, 195974°24′N 177°04′W / 74.400°N 177.067°W / 74.400; -177.067 (North Pole-6 (start))82°06′N 03°56′E / 82.100°N 3.933°E / 82.100; 3.933 (North Pole-6 (finish))8,6505,370
North Pole-7V.A.VedernikovApril 23, 1957April 11, 195982°06′N 164°11′W / 82.100°N 164.183°W / 82.100; -164.183 (North Pole-7 (start))85°14′N 33°03′W / 85.233°N 33.050°W / 85.233; -33.050 (North Pole-7 (finish))3,5202,190
North Pole-8V.M.RogachyovApril 27, 1959March 19, 196276°11′N 164°24′W / 76.183°N 164.400°W / 76.183; -164.400 (North Pole-8 (start))83°15′N 132°30′W / 83.250°N 132.500°W / 83.250; -132.500 (North Pole-8 (finish))6,0903,780
North Pole-9V.A.ShamontyevApril 26, 1960March 28, 196177°23′N 163°00′E / 77.383°N 163.000°E / 77.383; 163.000 (North Pole-9 (start))86°36′N 76°00′W / 86.600°N 76.000°W / 86.600; -76.000 (North Pole-9 (finish))2,6601,650
North Pole-10N.A.KornilovOctober 17, 1961April 29, 196475°27′N 177°10′E / 75.450°N 177.167°E / 75.450; 177.167 (North Pole-10 (start))88°32′N 90°30′E / 88.533°N 90.500°E / 88.533; 90.500 (North Pole-10 (finish))3,9602,460
North Pole-11N.N.BryazginApril 16, 1962April 20, 196377°10′N 165°58′W / 77.167°N 165.967°W / 77.167; -165.967 (North Pole-11 (start))81°10′N 139°34′W / 81.167°N 139.567°W / 81.167; -139.567 (North Pole-11 (finish))2,4001,500
North Pole-12L.N.BelyakovApril 30, 1963April 25, 196576°50′N 165°34′W / 76.833°N 165.567°W / 76.833; -165.567 (North Pole-12 (start))81°06′N 145°47′W / 81.100°N 145.783°W / 81.100; -145.783 (North Pole-12 (finish))1,595991
North Pole-13A.Ya. BuzuyevApril 22, 1964April 20, 196773°55′N 161°19′W / 73.917°N 161.317°W / 73.917; -161.317 (North Pole-13 (start))87°55′N 03°32′E / 87.917°N 3.533°E / 87.917; 3.533 (North Pole-13 (finish))3,5452,203
North Pole-14Yu. B.KonstantinovMay 1, 1965February 12, 196672°42′N 175°25′W / 72.700°N 175.417°W / 72.700; -175.417 (North Pole-14 (start))76°59′N 154°49′E / 76.983°N 154.817°E / 76.983; 154.817 (North Pole-14 (finish))1,040650
North Pole-15V.V.PanovApril 15, 1966March 25, 196878°49′N 168°08′E / 78.817°N 168.133°E / 78.817; 168.133 (North Pole-15 (start))85°45′N 10°30′W / 85.750°N 10.500°W / 85.750; -10.500 (North Pole-15 (finish))2,3301,450
North Pole-16Yu. B.KonstantinovApril 10, 1968March 22, 197275°31′N 172°00′W / 75.517°N 172.000°W / 75.517; -172.000 (North Pole-16 (start))86°00′N 85°27′W / 86.000°N 85.450°W / 86.000; -85.450 (North Pole-16 (finish))5,8503,640
North Pole-17N.I.BlinovApril 18, 1968October 16, 196980°30′N 165°26′E / 80.500°N 165.433°E / 80.500; 165.433 (North Pole-17 (start))86°48′N 25°20′E / 86.800°N 25.333°E / 86.800; 25.333 (North Pole-17 (finish))1,7501,090
North Pole-18N.N.OvchinnikovOctober 9, 1969October 24, 197175°10′N 165°02′W / 75.167°N 165.033°W / 75.167; -165.033 (North Pole-18 (start))86°06′N 153°51′E / 86.100°N 153.850°E / 86.100; 153.850 (North Pole-18 (finish))5,2403,260
North Pole-19 7A.N.ChilingarovNovember 7, 1969April 16, 197374°54′N 160°13′E / 74.900°N 160.217°E / 74.900; 160.217 (North Pole-19 (start))83°08′N 16°17′E / 83.133°N 16.283°E / 83.133; 16.283 (North Pole 19- (finish))6,7054,166
North Pole-20Yu. P.TikhonovApril 22, 1970May 17, 197275°56′N 175°22′E / 75.933°N 175.367°E / 75.933; 175.367 (North Pole-20 (start))81°44′N 166°47′W / 81.733°N 166.783°W / 81.733; -166.783 (North Pole-20 (finish))3,7802,350
North Pole-21G.I.KizinoApril 30, 1972May 17, 197474°06′N 178°15′E / 74.100°N 178.250°E / 74.100; 178.250 (North Pole-21 (start))86°16′N 143°35′E / 86.267°N 143.583°E / 86.267; 143.583 (North Pole-21 (finish))3,6052,240
North Pole-22V.G.MorozSeptember 13, 1973April 8, 198276°16′N 168°31′W / 76.267°N 168.517°W / 76.267; -168.517 (North Pole-22 (start))86°10′N 00°00′W / 86.167°N -0.000°E / 86.167; -0.000 (North Pole-22 (finish))17,06910,606
North Pole-23V.M.PiguzovDecember 5, 1975November 1, 197873°51′N 178°25′W / 73.850°N 178.417°W / 73.850; -178.417 (North Pole-23 (start))87°40′N 22°31′W / 87.667°N 22.517°W / 87.667; -22.517 (North Pole-23 (finish))5,7863,595
North Pole-24I.K.PopovJune 23, 1978November 19, 198076°45′N 163°00′E / 76.750°N 163.000°E / 76.750; 163.000 (North Pole-24 (start))86°03′N 29°40′E / 86.050°N 29.667°E / 86.050; 29.667 (North Pole-24 (finish))5,6523,512
North Pole-25V.S.SidorovMay 16, 1981April 20, 198475°01′N 168°35′E / 75.017°N 168.583°E / 75.017; 168.583 (North Pole-25 (start))85°50′N 122°15′W / 85.833°N 122.250°W / 85.833; -122.250 (North Pole-25 (finish))5,7543,575
North Pole-26V.S.SidorovMay 21, 1983April 9, 198678°30′N 174°46′E / 78.500°N 174.767°E / 78.500; 174.767 (North Pole-26 (start))82°46′N 170°31′W / 82.767°N 170.517°W / 82.767; -170.517 (North Pole-26 (finish))5,3803,340
North Pole-27Yu. P.TikhonovJune 2, 1984May 20, 198778°31′N 160°30′E / 78.517°N 160.500°E / 78.517; 160.500 (North Pole-27 (start))86°28′N 09°02′W / 86.467°N 9.033°W / 86.467; -9.033 (North Pole-27(finish))5,6553,514
North Pole-28A.F.ChernyshovMay 21, 1986January 23, 198980°40′N 168°29′E / 80.667°N 168.483°E / 80.667; 168.483 (North Pole-28 (start))79°40′N 03°09′E / 79.667°N 3.150°E / 79.667; 3.150 (North Pole-28 (finish))7,6344,744
North Pole-29V.V.LukinJune 10, 1987August 19, 198880°22.8′N 112°59′E / 80.3800°N 112.983°E / 80.3800; 112.983 (North Pole-29 (start))84°42.8′N 56°34′W / 84.7133°N 56.567°W / 84.7133; -56.567 (North Pole-29 (finish))2,6861,669
North Pole-30V.M.PiguzovOctober 9, 1987April 4, 199174°18′N 171°24′W / 74.300°N 171.400°W / 74.300; -171.400 (North Pole-30 (start))82°31′N 126°26′W / 82.517°N 126.433°W / 82.517; -126.433 (North Pole-30 (finish))7,6754,769
North Pole-31V.S.SidorovOctober 22, 1988July 25, 199176°35′N 153°10′W / 76.583°N 153.167°W / 76.583; -153.167 (North Pole-31 (finish))73°33′N 161°04′W / 73.550°N 161.067°W / 73.550; -161.067 (North Pole-31 (finish))5,4753,402
North Pole-32V.S.KoshelevApril 25, 2003March 6, 200487°52.5′N 148°03′E / 87.8750°N 148.050°E / 87.8750; 148.050 (North Pole-32 (start))84°41′N 03°33′W / 84.683°N 3.550°W / 84.683; -3.550 (North Pole-32 (finish))2,4181,502
North Pole-33A.A.VishnevskySeptember 9, 2004October 5, 200585°05′N 156°31′E / 85.083°N 156.517°E / 85.083; 156.517 (North Pole-33 (start))86°14′N 95°54′E / 86.233°N 95.900°E / 86.233; 95.900 (North Pole-33 (finish))3,1561,961
North Pole-34T.V.PetrovskySeptember 19, 2005May 25, 200685°39′N 115°19′E / 85.650°N 115.317°E / 85.650; 115.317 (North Pole-34 (start))87°26′N 07°39′E / 87.433°N 7.650°E / 87.433; 7.650 (North Pole-34 (finish))2,0321,263
North Pole-35[61]Vladimir ChupunSeptember 21, 2007July 22, 200881°30′N 103°54′E / 81.500°N 103.900°E / 81.500; 103.900 (North Pole-35 (start))81°00′N 31°18′E / 81.000°N 31.300°E / 81.000; 31.300 (North Pole-35 (finish))3,6142,246
North Pole-36Yuri KatrayevSeptember 7, 2008August 24, 200982°32′N 144°56′E / 82.533°N 144.933°E / 82.533; 144.933 (North Pole-36 (start))85°53′N 26°41′W / 85.883°N 26.683°W / 85.883; -26.683 (North Pole-36 (finish))2,9051,805
North Pole-37Sergey LesenkovSeptember 7, 2009May 31, 201081°28′N 164°35′W / 81.467°N 164.583°W / 81.467; -164.583 (North Pole-37 (start))80°04′N 140°40′W / 80.067°N 140.667°W / 80.067; -140.667 (North Pole-37 (finish))2,0761,290
North Pole-38Tomash PetrovskiyOctober 14, 2010September 20, 201176°07′N 176°32′W / 76.117°N 176.533°W / 76.117; -176.533 (North Pole-38 (start))83°53′N 154°18′W / 83.883°N 154.300°W / 83.883; -154.300 (North Pole-38 (finish))3,0241,879
North Pole-39Alexander IpatovOctober 2, 2011September 15, 201284°10′N 148°49′W / 84.167°N 148.817°W / 84.167; -148.817 (North Pole-39 (start))83°57′N 96°44′W / 83.950°N 96.733°W / 83.950; -96.733 (North Pole-39 (finish))1,8851,171
North Pole-40Nikolai FomichevOctober 1, 2012June 7, 201385°21′N 142°53′W / 85.350°N 142.883°W / 85.350; -142.883 (North Pole-40 (start))82°25′N 130°25′W / 82.417°N 130.417°W / 82.417; -130.417 (North Pole-40 (finish))1,7361,079
North Pole-2015Dmitrij MamadalievApril 11, 2015August 9, 201589°34′N 17°08′W / 89.567°N 17.133°W / 89.567; -17.133 (North Pole-2015 (start))86°15′N 07°52′W / 86.250°N 7.867°W / 86.250; -7.867 (North Pole-2015 (finish))714444
MOSAiC Expedition[62]Markus RexOctober 4, 2019July 30, 202085°00′N 137°00′E / 85.000°N 137.000°E / 85.000; 137.000 (MOSAiC (start))N/A1,7001,100
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "North Pole drifting stations (1930s-1980s)". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  2. ↑ "Alomar Observatory". Andoya Space.
  3. ↑ "Barrow Atmospheric Baseline Observatory". Earth System Research Laboratories. NOAA.
  4. ↑ "Welcome to the Canadian High Arctic Research Station". Canada.ca. September 6, 2023.
  5. ↑ On northernmost tip of Eurasian mainland, a showoff of Northern Fleet capacity; Navy vessels put ashore a group of Arctic soldiers at Cape Chelyuskin, 77° North, by Atle Staalesen, The Barents Observer
  6. ↑ История полярных арктических станций с 30-х годов XX века (History of polar arctic stations from the 1930s in the XX century)
  7. ↑ China-Iceland Joint Arctic Observatory Official Website
  8. ↑ CHINA ICELAND ARCTIC RESEARCH OBSERVATORY EU-INTERACT
  9. ↑ Churchill Northern Studies Centre
  10. ↑ Czech Arctic Research Station
  11. ↑ Stensdal, Iselin (2013). "Asian Arctic Research 2005-2012" (PDF). Fridtjof Nansen Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 3, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  12. ↑ Igloolik Research Centre, Igloolik, Igloolik Island, NU
  13. ↑ India Deploys its First Sub-Surface Ocean Moored Observatory in the Arctic
  14. ↑ International Biological Station (IBS) "Lena-Nordenskiold", Lena River Delta
  15. ↑ Iqaluit Research Centre
  16. ↑ Iqaluit Research Centre, Nunavut Arctic College (Nunavut Research Institute)
  17. ↑ "Kevo Research Station - Turun yliopisto". Archived from the original on February 23, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  18. ↑ Kilpisjärvi Biological Station
  19. ↑ University of Helsinki - Kilpisjärvi Biological Station
  20. ↑ Kiruna Atmospheric and Geophysical Observatory
  21. ↑ Swedish Institute of Space Physics
  22. ↑ Kluane Lake Research Station
  23. ↑ Labytnangi Ecological Research Station
  24. ↑ McGill Arctic Research Station (MARS)
  25. ↑ "The Netherlands Arctic Station".
  26. ↑ BBC news report
  27. ↑ UK Arctic Research Station
  28. ↑ Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory
  29. ↑ Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory, PEARL
  30. ↑ Фотогалерея: 2004 - "Полярное Кольцо" - Местонахождение: 17 мая, Северная Земля, о.Большевик, м.Баранова, п/ст Примах
  31. ↑ Samoylov Station
  32. ↑ FMI ARC
  33. ↑ Thule Research Station
  34. ↑ Toolik Field Station
  35. ↑ Luhn, Alec; Hunt, Elle (September 14, 2016). "Besieged Russian Scientists Drive Away Polar Bears". The Guardian. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
  36. ↑ Tundra Ecosystem Research Station
  37. ↑ "Tundra Ecosystem Research Station (TERS)". Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
  38. ↑ Ward Hunt Island Observatory Research Station; Centre d'études nordiques (CEN)/ Centre for Northern Studies
  39. ↑ Western Arctic Research Centre
  40. ↑ "Western Arctic Research Centre (WARC)". Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
  41. ↑ CEN Whapmagoostui-Kuujuarapik Research Station
  42. ↑ White Sea Biological Station (WSBS MSU)
  43. ↑ <www.villumresearchstation.dk><Goodsite, M. Skov, H. Asmund, G. Bennike, O. Feilberg, A. Glasius, M. Gross, A. Hermanson, M.H. (2014) Pilot Study of Contaminants near Station Nord, a Military Airbase and Research Station in NE Greenland. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sustainable Cities and Military Installations: Climate Change Impact on Energy and Environmental Security. Conference paper 177-98. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7161-1_10.>
  44. ↑ Soviets gather geographic data in Arctic - CIA
  45. ↑ Deserted Buor-Khaya Polar Station
  46. ↑ Golomyanniy Station in Severnaya Zemlya
  47. ↑ Книга: Два года на северной земле
  48. ↑ "ДИКСОН — СНЕЖНОЙ АРКТИКИ СТОЛИЦА. К 90-ЛЕТИЮ НАЧАЛА НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ НА о. ДИКСОН". Archived from the original on November 21, 2011.
  49. ↑ "Kigilyakh". Mapcarta. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  50. ↑ Popov Polar Station
  51. ↑ Nuclear Explosion Monitoring (NEM)
  52. ↑ F. Romanenko, O. Shilovtseva. Russian-Soviet polar stations and their role in the Arctic Seas exploration. Moscow State University, Geography Department, 1998
  53. ↑ "Polyarnaya Stantsiya Solnechnaya". Mapcarta. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  54. ↑ Северный морской путь оснащается современными приборами навигации
  55. ↑ "Tuktoyaktuk, N.W.T." Archived from the original on February 17, 2016.
  56. ↑ Bassford, Robin; Siegert, Martin; Dowdeswell, Julian; Oerlemans, Johannes; Glazovsky, Andrey; Macheret, Yuri (February 2006). "Quantifying the Mass Balance of Ice Caps on Severnaya Zemlya, Russian High Arctic. I: Climate and Mass Balance of the Vavilov Ice Cap". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 38 (1). university of Colorado: 1–12. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2006)038[0001:QTMBOI]2.0.CO;2. hdl:20.500.11820/b0c68834-118f-4e1f-8d83-4768fda0c71f. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
  57. ↑ Willem Barents Biological Station
  58. ↑ State Nature Reserve "Wrangel Island
  59. ↑ "Ministry of Natural Resources of the russian Federation – History of Wrangel Island". Archived from the original on February 27, 2005. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
  60. ↑ Enisei Ecological Station "Mirnoe"
  61. ↑ Скалина, Ирина (July 10, 2008). "Опасный дрейф; Полярников эвакуируют на судне "Михаил Сомов"". Российская газета. Retrieved July 12, 2008. (Russian/English) Skalina, Irina (July 10, 2008). "A dangerous drift; Polarnik evacuated on the ship "Mikhail Somov"". Google Translation. Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
  62. ↑ "MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) Expedition". Archived from the original on November 22, 2019.
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