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Donroe Doctrine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Trump Doctrine)

Donroe Doctrine
Part of the Post–Cold War era
November 2025 – Ongoing
Nicolás Maduro in handcuffs being escorted by DEA agents.
Nicolás Maduro being escorted by the DEA
Duration21st century
LocationWestern Hemisphere (Americas)
IncludingRetooling of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) and Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
PresidentDonald Trump
Key events
  • Publication of the US National Security Strategy (Nov 2025)
  • U.S. military operation and abduction of Nicolás Maduro in Caracas (Jan 2026)
  • Implementation of global and regional trade tariff enforcement


Executive Order 14172 directing U.S. federal agencies to refer to the Gulf of Mexico as the "Gulf of America" has been highlighted as an element of the Donroe Doctrine

The Donroe Doctrine, alternatively styled as the Trump Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, is an interpretation of principles of President Donald Trump's foreign policy in the Americas. An adaptation of the historical Monroe Doctrine, it describes a perceived desire by the second Trump administration to assert American predominance in the Western Hemisphere.

Trump's efforts to rename the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Ontario, acquire Canada, the Panama Canal, and Greenland, as well as pursuing military action against Venezuela have all been cited as part of a Trump corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. Additionally, Trump's "America First" agenda and skepticism of multilateralism has contributed to a view that the U.S. is focusing on its own hemisphere at the expense of traditional alliances, such as NATO.

Following the 2026 U.S. strikes in Venezuela and capture of its president Nicolás Maduro, Trump himself referred to "the Donroe Doctrine", stating that "American dominance in the Western Hemisphere will never be questioned again".

While supporters see the doctrine as restoring American primacy and combating the influence of China and Russia in the continent, critics have suggested that it could set a precedent for illiberal regimes to violate the rule of law and pursue territorial expansion.

Background

[edit]

Monroe Doctrine

[edit]
Political cartoon by Louis Dalrymple about U.S. expansionism; Uncle Sam straddles the Americas while wielding a big stick inscribed with the words "Monroe Doctrine 1824–1905". The stick is a metaphor for military force.

The original 19th-century Monroe Doctrine was outlined in James Monroe's December 1823 State of the Union Address.[1] It opposed European intervention in the Americas and warned foreign powers that the United States would not tolerate colonization of its neighbors.[2]At the turn of the 19th century, the Monroe Doctrine was a tried and tested foreign policy. Theodore Roosevelt's military expeditions in Latin America (Santo Domingo and Nicaragua) arguably extended the principle of the Monroe Doctrine to justifying intervention to prevent foreign powers from gaining influence in a U.S. zone of influence.[3]

First Trump administration

[edit]

The first Trump administration challenged the human rights record of the Cuban, Nicaraguan, and Venezuelan regimes.[4] In 2017, Trump stated that he was considering using military force in Venezuela during a period of civil unrest.[5] In 2018, Trump signed the Nicaragua Human Rights and Anticorruption Act of 2018, which imposed restrictions and sanctions on those responsible for civil rights infringements.[6] Also in 2018, Trump stated that the U.S. was committed to "maintaining our independence from the encroachment of expansionist foreign powers" in the Americas.[7]

In August 2019, Trump expressed interest in buying Greenland from Denmark. In reaction, Greenland's foreign ministry declared that the territory was not for sale.[8] Citing Denmark's reluctance to discuss any purchase, Trump canceled a scheduled September trip to Copenhagen days later.[9] The Trump administration declared rare-earth minerals to be vital to national security. With Chinese companies investing in mining of Greenland's abundant resources, the U.S. signed in 2019 an agreement to fund an aerial survey of mineral resources in Garðar.[10]

In July 2020, Trump signed the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), replacing NAFTA. The second Trump administration was accused of breaching the USMCA when the 2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico began in February 2025, with 25% import tariffs introduced by the U.S. to counter the "extraordinary threat posed by illegal aliens and drugs".[11]

Origin

[edit]
The cover of the New York Post which has been widely credited as the origin of the portmanteau Donroe Doctrine

On January 8, 2025, the tabloid New York Post published a front cover with the title "The Donroe Doctrine: Trump's vision for hemisphere".[12][13] It has been suggested that this was the origin of the portmanteau of Donald Trump and the Monroe Doctrine.[14][15] The paper's front page showed an image of Trump pointing to a map in which Canada is crossed out and renamed "51st state", Greenland is labeled "our land", and the Panama Canal is labeled "Pana-MAGA".[16] The term did not immediately gain traction following publication of the Post cover but began to circulate more widely in the fall of 2025 with headlines in the Financial Times, The New York Times and other outlets. It was also cited on the Fox News and Fox & Friends several times. The doctrine has alternatively styled as the Trump Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.[17] Trump would go on to use the term himself following the raid in Venezuela in January 2026, saying "they now call it the 'Donroe Doctrine'", in what was viewed as an admission that he himself did not invent the term.[15]

Trump has a complex relationship with the New York Post. His love has been described as "well known",[16] and he has previously acted as a source for stories, a consumer of the publication,[15] and appeared in the Page Six gossip column under his own name and as fake public relations agent John Baron.[16] On January 7, 2026, the cover was shared by the House Foreign Affairs Committee social media account on X with a caption reading, "Our country was built by warriors and explorers. We tamed the West, won two World Wars, and were the first to plant our flag on the moon. President Trump has the biggest dreams for America and it's un-American to be afraid of big dreams" before later deleting the post.[18] A digitally modified version of the same cover was later re-uploaded. The cover said "The Trump Doctrine" and the post explained "President Trump's America First vision is worthy of being called by its own doctrine."[18][19]

Second Trump administration

[edit]

Since his second inauguration, Trump's efforts to rename the Gulf of Mexico, acquire Canada, the Panama Canal, and Greenland, and pursue military action against Venezuela have all been cited as part of the doctrine which seeks to establish U.S. dominance in the Americas, while countering the influence of other major powers.[20][21] The administration's national security strategy, released in November 2025, explicitly references the Monroe Doctrine and asserts a "Trump Corollary" to the doctrine.[22][23] It stated the intention of the Trump administration to "reassert and enforce the Monroe doctrine to restore American pre-eminence in the Western Hemisphere".[24] Maduro's capture and Trump's remarks are seen as a warning sign of how the United States may behave across multiple theatres.[25]

Trump's decision to use naval forces in the Caribbean targeting alleged drug boats has also been labeled as an example of both the Donroe Doctrine and a revival of gunboat diplomacy which avoids large-scale action.[7] It was described by John D. Feeley, a former U.S. ambassador to Panama, as a "very parochial New York view" of foreign relations and likened it to mob bosses battling for control of turf in New York.[26] While the original Monroe Doctrine sought to exclude European interference in the Americas, the Donroe Doctrine has been described as a similar attempt to exclude Chinese and Russian influence in the region.[21] Trump has expressed interest in creating an American security sphere aimed at regional security and countering foreign interference.[27] In 2026 he announced the creation of the Shield of the Americas, a regional military organization that the majority of Latin American nations have signed onto.[28]

Implementation

[edit]

The Donroe Doctrine has been used to described different instances in the second presidency of Donald Trump.

"Donroe Doctrine" State Actions (2025–2026)
Target Jurisdiction Declared Core Strategic Threat U.S. Executive & Military Actions Present Geopolitical Outcome Wikisource Reference
Venezuela State-level hostility, Russian/Chinese sovereign access to energy reserves, and alleged narco-trafficking. Executed a Caribbean energy blockade in late 2025, culminating in Operation Absolute Resolve (January 3, 2026)—a targeted military incursion resulting in the capture of President Nicolás Maduro. Maduro extradited to New York on federal trafficking indictments; establishment of a transitional administration under Delcy Rodríguez and negotiation of a major bilateral energy concession. Executive Order 14245
Cuba Ideological subversion and hosting of hostile extra-hemispheric signals intelligence infrastructure. Enacted an unyielding maritime fuel blockade alongside re-designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism. Near-total collapse of national energy infrastructure and acute domestic economic contraction. Executive Order 14404
Panama Extra-hemispheric commercial infrastructure footprints flanking the Panama Canal corridor. High-level diplomatic ultimatums regarding third-party state concession operations within critical transit logistics. Abrogation of deepwater port access concessions to foreign state-linked entities; formal detachment from global infrastructure pacts. None available (Diplomatic briefs)
Mexico Transnational criminal organization autonomy, fentanyl transit pipelines, and unregulated migratory flows. Unilateral executive declaration designating major cartel networks as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs), backed by targeted drone strikes and cross-border security deployment mandates. Formation of the "Shield of the Americas" operational security pact to enforce synchronized anti-cartel interdiction regimes. Executive Order 14157
Colombia Ideological misalignment under President Gustavo Petro and structural resurgence of domestic illicit production. Strategic redirection of regional military assistance assets and explicit economic warnings concerning counter-narcotics compliance. Unraveling of historical security coordination protocols; Bogotá initiated a strategic economic pivot toward the BRICS network. None available (Security pivot)
Argentina Sovereign debt exposure creating vulnerability to adversarial financial dependency models. Proactive financial stabilization intervention, leveraging U.S. Treasury mechanisms to extend a $20 billion economic line of credit to the administration of President Javier Milei. Solidification of Buenos Aires as a key regional partner, though balancing ongoing local currency requirements with extra-hemispheric markets remains an ongoing issue. None available (Treasury credit)
Greenland / Arctic Access to strategic rare-earth deposits and regional vulnerability along the High North transit corridor. Reactivation of high-level diplomatic and sovereignty purchase proposals directed toward the Kingdom of Denmark. Met with explicit structural resistance from European partners; integrated into the broader statutory defense architecture for total Western Hemisphere preeminence. Security deal reached giving the US exclusive security and natural resource access. Monroe Doctrine (1823)

22 September 2026 Agreement

South America

[edit]
President Nicolás Maduro on board the USS Iwo Jima following his capture by U.S. forces. This incident has been widely cited as a manifestation of the Donroe Doctrine.

On January 3, 2026, U.S. military and federal law enforcement apprehended the President of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro, in a mission codenamed Operation Absolute Resolve. Following Maduro's arrest, the official State Department X account wrote, "This is OUR Hemisphere and President Trump will not allow our security to be threatened".[29] In a press conference later that day, Trump referred to "the Donroe document", stating that "American dominance in the Western Hemisphere will never be questioned again".[30]

Trump has repeatedly praised Argentine president Javier Milei, who was the first foreign leader to meet with Trump after he won the 2024 U.S. presidential election.[31] Milei came out in support of the U.S.' capture of Nicolás Maduro in January 2026.[32] The Trump administration's support for the Argentinian government, including a $20 billion financial assistance package, particularly during the 2025 Argentine legislative election, has been cited as an example of the Donroe Doctrine in effect.[33][34]

Strengthened relations with President of El Salvador Nayib Bukele, including cooperation in the administration's deportation efforts have also been identified as part of this approach.[35]

In October 2025, Trump accused Colombian President Gustavo Petro of being an "illegal drug dealer" and simultaneously cut off diplomatic aid to Colombia. Since that time, Trump has directed the United States military to strike alleged drug trafficking vessels along Colombia's coasts, while at the same time striking similar vessels along Venezuela's coast after claiming Maduro was a drug trafficker.[36][37] Following Operation Absolute Resolve, Trump appeared to threaten Petro. When asked if he was considering a military strike in Colombia, he said, "It sounds good to me", and again described Petro as a drug trafficker.[38][39]

In March 2026, the United States launched Operation Total Extermination, military operations against "designated terrorist organizations" in Ecuador.[40][41]

Support for other current and former South American leaders, including advocating for Jair Bolsonaro (convicted former President of Brazil), offering military cooperation with Daniel Noboa (President of Ecuador), and pardoning Juan Orlando Hernández (former President of Honduras), has been identified has part of a "refocusing of strategic resources on the Western Hemisphere".[42] Since 2024, several South American nations have elected right wing governments as part of a conservative wave, many with overtly pro-America and pro-Trump stances.[43][44]

Internal Pentagon documents suggesting the US might question the United Kingdom's sovereignty of the Falkland Islands, have also been characterized as potentially indicative of the Donroe Doctrine in force.[45]

North America

[edit]

On his first day in office following his election in 2024, Trump issued an executive order to rename the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America.[46] He has also offered to send troops to Mexico to combat drug trafficking, although President Claudia Sheinbaum declined.[47] The CIA conducted operations against purported drug traffickers in Mexico in 2025 and 2026.[48][41] Trump's calls for Canada to become the 51st state, as well as the imposition of tariffs, have been viewed as examples of the doctrine in force.[49][50] The buildup of U.S. military assets in Puerto Rico has been attributed to the doctrine's support for power projection.[51]

Greenland

[edit]
Greenlandic leader Jens-Frederik Nielsen announcing "We choose Denmark" at a January 2026 press conference with Mette Frederiksen in response to Trump's threats to invade or annex the country[52][53]

The Trump administration had made efforts to acquire Greenland as a strategically important area as far back as 2017.[54] JD Vance supported the idea of American ownership, traveling to Greenland in March 2025.[55] Following the January 2026 raids in Venezuela, questions arose as to whether increasing focus on Greenland was also within the purview of Trump's goal, even by force. The renewed focus on Greenland followed a provocative tweet by Katie Miller, wife of senior Trump adviser Stephen Miller, showing Greenland draped in the U.S. flag with the word "soon". This prompted journalists to question Trump directly, rapidly shifting the news agenda. Stephen Miller has openly framed Trump's foreign policy as one based on raw power, reinforcing concerns that the administration views an American superpower status as justification for coercive action.[56] White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said of acquiring Greenland, "utilizing the U.S. Military is always an option."[57][58]

At the 56th World Economic Forum, Trump said Greenland "is actually part of North America on the northern frontier of the Western Hemisphere, that's our territory (...) And in fact, it's been our policy for hundreds of years to prevent outside threats from entering our hemisphere, and we've done it very successfully.".[59]

On 22 September 2026, during the general debate of the eighty-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, the United States, Denmark, and Greenland signed a security agreement that increases US involvement in Greenland's defence while affirming Danish sovereignty and Greenland's right to self-determination.[60] Later that month, Frihedsbrevet linked U.S. Arctic Research Commission Tom Dans, using hidden recordings of conversations between him, Jørgen Boassen, Kuno Fencker and its mole, 21-year old theology student Christian Ursilva, to efforts to secure backdoor U.S. investments in Greenland.[61][62] Danish experts stated that Dans seemed to be mixing official and private interests.[63]

Iceland

[edit]

As a result of Trump's repeated annexation threats against Greenland and jokes about Iceland becoming the "52nd state" by U.S. ambassador Billy Long, Icelandic officials noted having to work with "like-minded countries" amid a world order "rupture" while avoiding to offend the Trump administration.[64] In an interview from The Reykjavík Grapevine, Paweł Bartoszek discussed the extent to which the Donroe Doctrine affects Iceland.[65]

Reactions

[edit]

While supporters see the doctrine as restoring American primacy and combating the influence of China and Russia in the region, critics have suggested that it could set a precedent for illiberal regimes to violate the rule of law and pursue territorial expansion.[66]

Paraguayan president Santiago Peña expressed support for the doctrine, saying that Latin America will benefit from it.[67]

The 2026 Iran war, which contributed to global economic disruption and the ensuing fuel crisis, has been interpreted as counterproductive to the Donroe Doctrine. For instance, in undermining the presidency of José Antonio Kast in Chile.[68]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations – Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  2. ↑ "The Monroe Doctrine, 1823". Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  3. ↑ "Monroe Doctrine (1823)". National Archives. June 25, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  4. ↑ Managua, U. S. Embassy (April 17, 2019). "President Donald J. Trump Is Taking A Stand For Democracy And Human Rights In The Western Hemisphere". U.S. Embassy In Nicaragua. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  5. ↑ Jacobs, Ben (August 12, 2017). "Trump threatens 'military option' in Venezuela as crisis escalates". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  6. ↑ "Statement on Signing the Nicaragua Human Rights and Anticorruption Act of 2018". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  7. 1 2 Stott, Michael (November 19, 2025). "The 'Donroe Doctrine': Trump's power play in Latin America". Financial Times. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  8. ↑ Lewis, Sophie (August 16, 2019). ""Not for sale": Danish officials unanimously reject Trump's interest in buying Greenland". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  9. ↑ Karni, Annie (August 20, 2019). "President Trump Cancels Trip to Denmark After Greenland Spat". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  10. ↑ "Greenland Is Not For Sale. But It Has Rare Earth Minerals America Wants". NPR.org. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  11. ↑ Price, Alan; Brackemyre, Ted (February 7, 2025). "Price: What another round on the tariff carousel means for US trade policy". Steel Market Update. Retrieved January 20, 2026.
  12. ↑ "The year of the 'Donroe Doctrine'". The Washington Post. December 31, 2025. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  13. ↑ "NY Post Cover for January 8, 2025". New York Post. January 8, 2025. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  14. ↑ "Trump's Assertive "Donroe Doctrine"". China-US Focus. October 27, 2025. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  15. 1 2 3 Stelter, Brian (January 5, 2026). "How right-wing media inspired Trump's 'Donroe Doctrine'". CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  16. 1 2 3 Gucia, Wiktoria (January 5, 2026). "Trump Busted Swiping Venezuela Plan's Catchy Name". Yahoo News.
  17. ↑ "National Security Strategy of the United States of America" (PDF). The White House. November 2025. pp. 5, 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 1, 2026.
  18. 1 2 "On Capitol Hill, Trump's imperialistic pursuits receive a warm GOP welcome". January 9, 2025.
  19. ↑ @HouseForeignGOP (January 8, 2025). "This was taken down because we wanted to fix the graphic to reflect that President Trump's America First vision is worthy of being called by its own doctrine" (Tweet) – via X (formerly Twitter).
  20. ↑ "The 'Donroe Doctrine': Trump's Bid to Control the Western Hemisphere". November 17, 2025. Archived from the original on December 10, 2025. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  21. 1 2 "The Guardian view on the new Monroe doctrine: Trump's forceful approach to the western hemisphere comes at a cost". The Guardian. December 30, 2025. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  22. ↑ Palmer, Kathryn. "Trump calls Monroe Doctrine the 'Donroe Doctrine' after Venezuela raid". USA TODAY. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  23. ↑ Childers, Andrew (December 5, 2025). "Trump's "Monroe Doctrine" bashes immigration and globalization". Axios. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  24. ↑ Uchoa, Pablo (January 6, 2026). "The 'Donroe doctrine': Maduro is the guinea pig for Donald Trump's new world order". The Conversation. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  25. ↑ Aydıntaşbaş, Aslı; Herrmann, Chris (January 4, 2026). "Venezuela, Trump's "Donroe Doctrine" and three dilemmas facing Europe – European Council on Foreign Relations". ECFR. Retrieved August 12, 2026.
  26. ↑ Nicas, Jack (November 17, 2025). "The 'Donroe Doctrine': Trump's Bid to Control the Western Hemisphere". The New York Times.
  27. ↑ Roland Chr. Hoffmann-Plesch; Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Plesch (2025/26): USA zwischen Eurasischer Großraumrevolution und Multipolarer Weltordnung. Zur völkerrechtlichen Großraumordnung mit Interventionsverbot für raumfremde Mächte als Grundlage eines neuen Nomos der Erde. CRISIS. Journal für christliche Kultur. 14 [Main Theme: Vereinigte Staaten – geteilte Geister]: 36-46, (in German). ISBN 978-3-96321-228-4.
  28. ↑ Berg, Ryan C. (March 5, 2026). "The Shield of Americas Gathering and an Amplified Strategy to Counter China in the Western Hemisphere". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ↑ "Trump's 'Donroe Doctrine' seeks influence over Western Hemisphere citing old US policy". ABC News. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  30. ↑ Uras, Umut. "What is the Monroe Doctrine, which Trump has cited over Venezuela?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  31. ↑ "Trump's Bad Plan to Make America Argentina Again". www.hks.harvard.edu. December 11, 2025. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  32. ↑ "Milei cheers Trump-ordered capture of Maduro in Venezuela". Buenos Aires Times. January 3, 2026. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  33. ↑ Foroohar, Rana (October 13, 2025). "The limits of the 'Donroe doctrine'". The Financial Times.
  34. ↑ "Trump says Milei had 'a lot of help' from US for Argentina election win". Reuters. October 27, 2025. Retrieved January 18, 2026.
  35. ↑ "The Donroe Doctrine: Eurasia Group's #3 Top Risk of 2026". www.eurasiagroup.net. Retrieved March 19, 2026.
  36. ↑ "Trump calls Colombia's Petro an 'illegal drug leader' and cuts off U.S. aid to the countr". pbs. October 19, 2025. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  37. ↑ Gamio, Lazaro; Rosenberg, Carol; Savage, Charlie (December 31, 2025). "Tracking U.S. Military Killings in Boat Attacks". The New York Times. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  38. ↑ Brennan, David (January 5, 2026). "Trump implies he may target Colombia's president, says Cuba appears 'ready to fall'". abc. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  39. ↑ Walsh, Joe; Linton, Caroline (January 6, 2026). "Greenland? Colombia? 6 countries where the "Don-roe Doctrine" may take Trump next". CBS News. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  40. ↑ Schmitt, Eric; Ferré-Sadurní, Luis (March 4, 2026). "U.S. Takes Military Action in Ecuador Against 'Terrorist Organizations'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 4, 2026.
  41. 1 2 Turse, Nick (May 27, 2026). "Trump's "Donroe Doctrine" Supercharges Violence in the Americas". The Intercept. Retrieved August 19, 2026.
  42. ↑ Bazail-Eimil, Eric (April 6, 2026). "How the Iran war is torpedoing the Donroe Doctrine". POLITICO. Retrieved April 28, 2026.
  43. ↑ www.pbs.org https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/colombias-new-president-reflects-latin-americas-right-wing-shift. Retrieved August 13, 2026. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  44. ↑ Skowlund, Natalie; Schmidt, Samantha (June 21, 2026). "A pro-Trump wave has swept Latin America. Colombia appears to be next". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 13, 2026.
  45. ↑ "Donald Trump must think again over his misguided Falklands threat". The Independent. April 24, 2026. Retrieved April 28, 2026.
  46. ↑ "Google maps changes Gulf of Mexico to Gulf of America for US users". BBC News. February 11, 2025. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  47. ↑ "Which countries could be in Trump's sights next?". BBC News. January 5, 2026. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  48. ↑ "Exclusive: CIA escalates secret war on cartels with deadly operations inside Mexico | CNN Politics". CNN. May 12, 2026. Retrieved August 19, 2026.
  49. ↑ Keating, Joshua (January 6, 2026). "What actually is the "Donroe Doctrine"?". Vox. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  50. ↑ "The world after Trump's Venezuela gambit". New Statesman. January 7, 2026. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  51. ↑ "How the "Donroe Doctrine" is changing Puerto Rico". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  52. ↑ "Greenland chooses Denmark over US, island's PM Jens-Frederik Nielsen says". www.bbc.com. January 13, 2026. Retrieved January 21, 2026.
  53. ↑ "Jens-Frederik Nielsen: Vi vælger Kongeriget Danmark". DR (in Danish). January 13, 2026. Retrieved January 21, 2026.
  54. ↑ Holland, Steve; Slattery, Gram; Reid, Tim (January 8, 2025). "Trump looks to Greenland to cement his legacy and expand sphere of US influence". Reuters. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  55. ↑ "Greenland: JD Vance takes ominous message to Danish territory". BBC News. March 29, 2025. Retrieved January 4, 2026.
  56. ↑ Este, Jonathan (January 8, 2026). Este, Jonathan (ed.). "Greenland, Venezuela and the 'Donroe doctrine'". doi:10.64628/AB.dnmxyykda.
  57. ↑ Khan, Mariam (January 6, 2026). "US military is 'always an option' for Trump to acquire Greenland, White House official says". ABC News.
  58. ↑ "White House: Trump 'discussing a range of options' to take Greenland — including military force". POLITICO. January 6, 2026. Retrieved January 9, 2026.
  59. ↑ President Trump Delivers a Special Address to the World Economic Forum. The White House – via YouTube.
  60. ↑ "US, Denmark and Greenland to sign security deal on Tuesday". France 24. Retrieved September 22, 2026.
  61. ↑ Brügger, Mads; Balch, Katrine; Findalen, Emil (September 28, 2026). "Afsløret på skjulte optagelser: Trumps bedste ven i Nuuk arbejder på at omgå loven og skaffe strategisk havnebase til amerikanere". Frihedsbrevet. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  62. ↑ Balch, Katrine; Findalen, Emil (September 29, 2026). "Hør de skjulte optagelser: Grønlandsk politiker deltog i drøftelser om at skaffe amerikanere en havnebygning i Nuuk". Frihedsbrevet. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  63. ↑ Balch, Katrine; Findalen, Emil (October 1, 2026). "Afsløring viser uofficielt spil om Grønland: "Vigtigt, at det kommer frem i lyset"". Frihedsbrevet. Retrieved October 1, 2026.
  64. ↑ Kawase, Kenji (February 20, 2026). "Iceland treads cautiously with Trump and 'modest' China ties". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved April 24, 2026.
  65. ↑ Cameron, Bart (January 11, 2026). "We Didn't Put Páll Óskar On The Cover Again". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Retrieved April 24, 2026.
  66. ↑ Ramani, Samuel (January 7, 2026). "Trump's 'Donroe Doctrine' could be a resounding success. This is how". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved January 7, 2026.
  67. ↑ Parks, Ken; Olivera Doll, Ignacio (February 20, 2026). "Paraguay's President Backs Trump's New Monroe Doctrine In Latin America". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 24, 2026.
  68. ↑ Bazail-Eimil, Eric (April 6, 2026). "How the Iran war is torpedoing the Donroe Doctrine". POLITICO. Retrieved April 28, 2026.
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