Virola sebifera
| Virola sebifera | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Magnoliales |
| Family: | Myristicaceae |
| Genus: | Virola |
| Species: | V. sebifera |
| Binomial name | |
| Virola sebifera | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Synonymy
| |
Virola sebifera is a species of tree in the family Myristicaceae, from North and South America.[3]
Description
[edit]V. sebifera is a tall, thin tree which grows 5–30 m (16–98 ft) tall.[4] The leaves are simple and grow up to 30 cm (12 in) long. The small flowers are single-sexed and are found in panicles. The fruit is reddish, oval-shaped, and about 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long and about 11 mm (0.43 in) in diameter.[4] The individual Virola trees, which include 40 to 60 species, are difficult to differentiate from one another.[5]
Vernacular names
[edit]English: red ucuuba.[6]
Portuguese: Ucuúba-do-cerrado.[7]
Chemical constituents
[edit]The bark of the tree is rich in tannins[3] and also the hallucinogen[8] dimethyltryptamine (DMT), as well as 5-MeO-DMT. The ripe seeds contain fatty acid glycerides, especially laurodimyristin and trimyristin.[9] The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.[10] The "juice or gum" of the bark seems to have the highest concentrations of alkaloids (up to 8%).[10]
Uses
[edit]Industrial uses
[edit]Seeds from V. sebifera are processed to obtain the fats, which are yellow and aromatic. They smell like nutmeg.[11] The fats also become rancid quickly. They are used industrially in the production of fats, candles, and soaps. This virola fat possesses properties similar to cocoa butter[9] and shea butter.
The wood of V. sebifera has a density around 0.37 g/cm3 (0.013 lb/cu in).[12]
Homeopathy and traditional uses
[edit]The smoke of the inner bark of the tree is used by shamans of the indigenous people of Venezuela in cases of fever conditions, or cooked for driving out evil ghosts.[5]
The homeopathic concoction Myristica sebifera (abbreviation: Myris) is derived from the fresh, red juice from the injured bark of the tree. Homeopathic practice uses it for such ailments as abscesses, phlegmon, paronychia, furuncle, anal fissures, infections of the parotid gland, bacterially infected tonsillitis, and others.[3][13][14]
As of date, there is no empirical evidence supporting any medical effectiveness of Myristica sebifera. Any physiological efficacy would be highly implausible from a biochemical standpoint. [15]
References
[edit]- ↑ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Virola sebifera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T61905556A145679642. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T61905556A145679642.en. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
- ↑ "Virola sebifera Aubl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 June 2026.
- 1 2 3 Markus Wiesenauer, Suzann Kirschner-Brouns: Homöopathie - Das große Handbuch, Gräfe & Unzer Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8338-0034-4
- 1 2 "Plantes et Botanique | Virola venosa". Retrieved 2008-04-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - 1 2 Christian Rätsch: Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen. AT Verlag, 2007, 8. Auflage, ISBN 978-3-03800-352-6
- ↑ Virola sebifera | Henriette's Herbal Homepage
- ↑ "Estudos de áreas naturais fragmentadas". Archived from the original on 2007-09-17. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
- ↑ Andreas Kelich: Halluzinogene Rauschdrogen: Botanischer Teil: Virola spp.: V. sebifera
- 1 2 Karl Hiller, Matthias F. Melzig, Lexikon der Arzneipflanzen und Drogen, 2 Bände, Genehmigte Sonderausgabe für den area verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-89996-682-1
- 1 2 "COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS VIROLA SEBIFERA SUMMARY REPORT" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ↑ Talg, vegetabilischer. In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. 4th edition. Volume 15, Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig/Vienna 1885–1892, p. 499.
- ↑ "PUERTAS". inverhutchinson.com. Retrieved 2008-04-30.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ Homöopathisches Repetorium, Deutsche Homöopathie Union (DHU)
- ↑ Mohinder Singh Jus, Praktische Materia Medica. Arzneimittellehre von A-Z, Homöosana, 2004, ISBN 3-906407-05-5
- ↑ Edzard Ernst: The truth about homeopathy. (PDF-Datei; 55 kB) In: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 65(2), 2008, 163–4, Epub 2007 Sep 13. PMID 17875194
Further reading
[edit]- Christian Rätsch: Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen. AT Verlag, 2007, 8.te Auflage, ISBN 978-3-03800-352-6
- Karl Hiller, Matthias F. Melzig, Lexikon der Arzneipflanzen und Drogen, 2 Bände, Genehmigte Sonderausgabe für den area verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-89996-682-1
- Markus Wiesenauer, Suzann Kirschner-Brouns: Homöopathie - Das große Handbuch, Gräfe & Unzer Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8338-0034-4
External links
[edit]- IUCN Red List least concern species
- Virola
- Flora of North Brazil
- Flora of Northeast Brazil
- Flora of Southeast Brazil
- Flora of West-Central Brazil
- Flora of Costa Rica
- Flora of Honduras
- Flora of Nicaragua
- Flora of Panama
- Flora of northern South America
- Flora of the Cerrado
- Least concern flora of Central America
- Least concern flora of South America
- Medicinal plants of Central America
- Medicinal plants of South America
- Plants described in 1775
- Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet