Southern Popoloca language
(Redirected from ISO 639:pbe)
| Southern Popoloca | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Mexico |
| Region | Puebla |
Native speakers | (7,000 cited 1991–1993)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:poe – San Juan Atzingopbe – Metzontla |
| Glottolog | sanj1285 San Juan Atzingomezo1235 Mezontla |
Southern Popoloca is an indigenous language of Puebla state, Mexico. There are two principal varieties, sometimes counted as distinct languages, which are about 75% mutually intelligible:
- San Juan Atzingo Popoloca (a.k.a. Atzingo, San Juan)
- Metzontla Popoloca (a.k.a. Los Reyes Metzontla Popoloca)
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Post-alv./ Palatal |
Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | |||||
| voiceless | m̥ ⟨jm⟩ | n̥ ⟨jn⟩ | ||||||
| Plosive | p | t | k | ʔ ⟨h, '⟩ | ||||
| Affricate | t͡s ⟨ts⟩ | t͡ʃ | t͡ʂ ⟨chr⟩ | |||||
| Fricative | f | ð ⟨d⟩ | s | ʃ ⟨x⟩ | ʂ ⟨xr⟩ | h ⟨j⟩ | ||
| Rhotic | r | |||||||
| Lateral | l | |||||||
| Approximant | w ⟨v⟩ | j | ||||||
- Consonants preceding /h/ are then heard as aspirated [Cʰ]; when preceding /ʔ/, they are heard as ejectives [Cʼ].
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | |||||
| voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ||||||
| Plosive/Affricate | voiceless | p | t͡s | t | t͡ʂ | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ |
| aspirated | t͡sʰ | tʰ | t͡ʂʰ | t͡ʃʰ | kʰ | |||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮd͡ʒ | ᵑɡ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʃ ~ ʂ | x | |||
| prenasal | ⁿz | ᵑɣ | ||||||
| Rhotic | voiced | r | ||||||
| prenasal | ⁿr | |||||||
| Lateral | l | |||||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||||
Marginal affricates include /k͡f, s͡t/.
- /ʃ/ is heard as retroflex [ʂ] when before vowels /a, ã, u, ũ/.
- /f/ is heard only from loanwords.
- /j/ may be realized as a nasal [ɲ] when in the position of nasal vowels.
- Stop consonants when preceding /ʔ/ are heard as ejectives [Cʼ].
Vowels
[edit]| Oral | Nasal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | i | o~u | ĩ | õ~ũ | ||
| Mid | e | ẽ | ||||
| Open | a | ã | ||||
- /o, õ/ when heard in diphthongs, and after consonants /t, k, ʔ, t͡ʃ, t͡ʂ, ʂ, n̥/ is heard as [u, ũ].
- Nasalization is indicated by ⟨n⟩ after the vowel.[2]
| Oral | Nasal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | i | u | ĩ | ũ | ||
| Mid | e | ẽ | ||||
| Open | a | ã | ||||
Tones
[edit]Mezontla Popoloca has 3 tonemes.[3]
References
[edit]- ↑ San Juan Atzingo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Metzontla at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - 1 2 3 Kalstrom-Dolson, Marjorie; Krumholz, Jeanne Austin; Ewan, Doris Bartholomew (1995). Diccionario popoloca de San Juan Atzingo, Puebla (PDF). In Austin Krumholz, Jeanne and Kalstrom Dolson, Marjorie and Hernández Ayuso, Miguel: Tucson: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 283–390.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - 1 2 3 Veerman-Leichsenring, Annette W. (1991). Gramática del Popoloca de Metzontla. Amsterdam: Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
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