Shu Xian of Guan
Duke of Guan Shu Xian of Guan | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
管叔鮮 | |||||||
 Xian (鮮) in small seal script. | |||||||
| Personal details | |||||||
| Born | c. 11th Century BCE | ||||||
| Died | c. 1039 BCE | ||||||
| Cause of death | Executed | ||||||
| Parents |
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| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 管叔鮮 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 管叔鲜 | ||||||
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| Military career | |||||||
| Allegiance | Yin | ||||||
Conflicts | Rebellion of the Three Guards  | ||||||
Shu Xian of Guan (Chinese: 管叔鮮; lit. 'Xian', '[Royal] Uncle of Guan') was the first and only ruler of the ancient Chinese city-state of Guan and was the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou, founder of Zhou dynasty.
Life
[edit]He was the third son of King Wen of Zhou, and one of the Three Guards responsible for overseeing the eastern lands of the newly founded Zhou dynasty. Three years into the first reign, King Wu died of an illness and left his underage son, Song, as king. Thus Ji Dan, the Duke of Zhou - who was the fourth son of King Wen - fearing that the kingdom might fall apart under an inexperienced king, took over government affairs as regent. This angered Guanshu Xian and the other two guards, who felt the Duke of Zhou had usurped the throne, and thus they joined Zi Wugeng, the son of the last king of Shang and nominal ruler of Yin, the old Shang capital, and began a rebellion against the regent. This was known as the Rebellion of the Three Guards. Following three years of war, the rebellion was crushed and Guanshu Xian, considered its main leader and culprit, was executed and the state of Guan was extinguished.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Sima Qian's Shiji states that Guan state was extinguished because Shu Xian left no descendants.[2] Meanwhile, Zheng Qiao (鄭樵)'s Comprehensive Records asserts that Shu Xian had descendants who would take Guǎn (管) as their lineage surname (氏),[7] and Lin Bao (林寶)'s Register of surnames of the Yuanhe reign states that Guan Zhong (born Yiwu) descended from Shu Xian, and Guan Zhong's 7th-generation-descendant Xiu, became grandee of Yin (隂大夫) and adopted the lineage surname Yin (隂).[8]
References
[edit]- ↑ Records of the Grand Historian, "Annals of Zhou - King Cheng"
- 1 2 Records of the Grand Historian, "Hereditary Houses of Guan and Cai"
- ↑ Sturgeon, Donald (ed.). "蔡仲之命". 尚書 [Book of Documents] (in Literary Chinese). Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 16 June 2026.
惟周公位塚宰，正百工，群叔流言。乃致辟管叔于商；囚蔡叔于郭鄰，以車七乘；降霍叔于庶人，三年不齒。蔡仲克庸只德，周公以為卿士。叔卒，乃命諸王邦之蔡。
- ↑ The Cambridge history of ancient China: from the origins of civilization to 221 B.C (Repr ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 2006. ISBN 9780521470308.
- ↑ Li, Feng (2014). Early China: a social and cultural history (Reprint. with corrections ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-521-71981-0.
- ↑ Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1993). "The Duke of Zhou's Retirement in the East and the Beginnings of the Ministerial-Monarch Debate in Chinese Political Philosophy". Early China. 18: 41–72. doi:10.1017/S0362502800001486.
- ↑ Tong Zhi "Brief Accounts about the Clans - 2" (Siku Quanshu version). quoted: "管叔鮮之國其地今鄭州管城是也子孫以國為氏焉"
- ↑ Yuanhe Xingzuan "Vol. 5 隂 (Yin)" quote: "周文王弟三子管叔鮮之後管夷吾七代孫脩適楚為隂大夫因氏焉"
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