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South Mesopotamian Arabic

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Basrawi dialect)
South Mesopotamian Arabic
South Iraqi Arabic
Marsh Arabic
Native toIraq
Dialects
Arabic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3–

South Mesopotamian Arabic (Arabic: اللهجة العراقية الجنوبية, romanized: al-lahja l-ʿirāqiyya l-janūbiyya) or Marsh Arabic or commonly known as Basrawai is a variety of Mesopotamian Arabic spoken by Southern Iraqis in Basra, Maysan, Dhi Qar, Wasit and Muthanna.[1][2] This dialect differs distinctly from other dialects of Iraq and features a strong Aramaic and Sumerian influence.[3] One of the most noticeable features of South Mesopotamian Arabic is the existence of the sounds [ɡ] (< */q/), [tʃ] (< */k/), [ʒ] (< */dʒ/) and /p/.[4]

Phonology

[edit]

The following describes the sounds of the Baṣra dialect:[5]

Consonants

[edit]
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
plain emph. plain emph. plain emph.
Nasal m mˤ n
Stop/
Affricate		 voiceless (p) (pˤ) t tˤ t͡ʃ k (q) ʔ
voiced b bˤ d d͡ʒ ɡ
Fricative voiceless f fˤ θ s sˤ ʃ x ħ h
voiced ð ðˤ z zˤ (ʒ) ɣ ʕ
Flap ɾ ɾˤ
Approximant l lˤ j w
  • Sounds /p, pˤ/ are only heard from loanwords.
  • [ɡ] is more commonly heard as the reflex of /q/ in the Baṣra dialect, whereas /q/ more commonly is heard in cultural words or names.
  • /d͡ʒ/ may also be heard as a fricative [ʒ] in rural areas.[6]

Vowels

[edit]
Front Central Back
Close i iː u uː
Mid eː o oː
Open a aː
  • /i/ can be heard as [ɪ] in word-final positions. It may be pronounced as [ɨ̞] when in positions of pharyngeal consonants
  • /u/ can be heard as [ʊ] in word-final positions. It may be pronounced as [o] when after pharyngealized consonants.
  • /a, aː/ is typically heard as [æ, æː] when in palatal consonant environments. It is heard as [ɒ, ɒː] when in pharyngealized environments.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "In Iraq's marshlands, researchers are racing to document a disappearing dialect - Equal Times". 2022-01-19. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  2. ↑ UCL (2021-09-28). "Dictionary of Marsh Arab dialects". The Nahrein Network. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  3. ↑ Müller-Kessler, Christa (2003). "Aramaic ?k?, lyk? and Iraqi Arabic ?aku, maku: The Mesopotamian Particles of Existence". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 123 (3): 641–646. doi:10.2307/3217756. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 3217756.
  4. ↑ "الجيم العراقية: حقائق وأوهام" (in Arabic). 2022-02-08. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  5. ↑ Mahdi, Qasim R. (1985). The Spoken Arabic of Baṣra, Iraq. Exeter: University of Exeter.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  6. ↑ Alsiraih, Wasan (2021). Speech Variation in the Dialect of Basrah. University of Basrah.

 This article incorporates text by Saja Albuarabi available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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