// Workers AI · dad joke modeIs Yangguri a good dancer? It's a uri-nal mover.
| Yangguri | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manchu name | |||||||
| Manchu script | ᠶᠠᠩᡤᡠᡵᡳ | ||||||
| Möllendorff | yangguri | ||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Chinese | 扬古利 | ||||||
| |||||||
Yangguri Efu[1] (1572 – 1 February 1637) was a Manchu military commander of the Šumuru clan from Kūrka and a member of the Plain Yellow Banner. A son-in-law (efu) of Nurhaci, he was one of the principal founding generals of the Later Jin Khanate and Qing empire. He was posthumously created Prince Wuxun (武勳王), one of only two non-imperial Manchu nobles in Qing history to receive the title of prince, alongside Fuk'anggan.[2]
Biography
[edit]
Yangguri's father, Langju, was chief of the Kūrka tribe and an early supporter of Nurhaci. After Langju was murdered by a traitor, the fourteen-year-old Yangguri personally killed his father's murderer, earning Nurhaci's favor. Nurhaci later married one of his daughters to him and appointed him to the Plain Yellow Banner. Yangguri first gained distinction defending the Yalu River and subsequently distinguished himself in campaigns against Hada, Huifa, Ula, Jušeri, and Neyen. In 1599, he was the first to clime walls of Hada castle and captured its ruler Menggebulu.[3]
During the Battle of Sarhū in 1619, Yangguri played a key role in defeating the Ming armies under Du Song (杜松) and Ma Lin (馬林). He later participated in the conquests of Tieling and Shenyang-Liaoyang, and was appointed Viscount First-Class, taking command of the Left Wing[4] of the Eight Banner armies. In 1625, he annihilated a Ming raiding force sent by Mao Wenlong, for which his hereditary title was promoted to Duke Third-Class.[5]
Under Hong Taiji, Yangguri continued to distinguish himself. He fought in the 1629 campaign against Beijing, defeating the Ming commander Man Gui (滿桂) and rescuing Qing artillery units caught in an ambush. He later fought in campaigns against Chahar, Jinzhou, Datong, and Xuanfu. In 1633, he successfully urged Hong Taiji to continue offensive operations against the Ming rather than adopt a defensive strategy. In recognition of his long military service, he was promoted to Duke First-Class in 1634. Additionally, he took part in the 1636 invasion of Ming China, during which Qing forces captured twelve fortified cities around Beijing.[6]
Yangguri then accompanied Hong Taiji on the Qing invasion of Joseon (1636–1637). On 1 February 1637, while leading an assault against Joseon forces south of the Han River, he was struck by enemy gunfire concealed on a cliff and died of his wounds at the age of sixty-six. Hong Taiji personally mourned Yangguri, provided an imperial-level funeral, and ordered his burial in Fuling Mausoleum.[7] He was posthumously granted the title Prince Wuxun and later enshrined in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. His descendants succeeded the hereditary title of Duke First-Class Yingcheng (一等英誠公).[8][9]
Citation
[edit]
- ↑ Stary, Giovanni (2000). A Dictionary of Manchu Names: A Name-Index to the Manchu Version of the 'Complete Genealogies of the Manchu Clans and Families of the Eight Banners. Harrassowitz. p. 460. ISBN 9783447042178.
Yangguri Efu (Kūrka ba-i Šumuru)
- ↑ Shi, Song (2000). Chronological History of the Qing Dynasty (in Chinese). China Renmin University Press. p. 797. ISBN 9787300031071.
- ↑ Draft History of Qing Volume 226：「扬古利，舒穆禄氏，世居浑春。父郎柱，为库尔喀部长，率先附太祖，时通往来，太祖遇之厚，命扬古利入侍。郎柱为部人所戕，其妻襁负幼子纳穆泰于背，属鞬佩刀，左右射，夺门出，以其族来归。部人寻亦附太祖。扬古利手刃杀父者，割耳鼻生啖之，时年甫十四，太祖深异焉。日见信任，妻以女，号为“额驸”。旗制定，隶满洲正黄旗。太祖令扬古利守汛鸭绿江，警备严密，无敢犯者。伐辉发多璧城，阻水不得进，扬古利乱流而济，众从之，遂薄城，多所俘馘。岁癸巳，略朱舍里路、讷殷路，戊戌，略安褚拉库路，皆有功。岁己亥，从克哈达，扬古利先登，擒贝勒孟格布禄。」(in Chinese)
- ↑ Im, Kaye Soon (1984). The Rise and Decline of the Eight Banner Garrisons in the Ch'ing Period (1644-1911): A Study of the Kuang-Chou, Hang-Chou, and Ching-Chou Garrisons. Publisher: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. p. 70.
…Eight Banners during military deployment. The Bordered Yellow, both White, and the Plain Blue Banners belonged to the Left Wing…
- ↑ Draft History of Qing Volume 226：「天命四年三月，明经略杨镐大举来侵，总兵杜松等攻界凡，大贝勒代善等帅师御之。我军屯吉林崖，明军屯萨尔浒山，两军相薄，扬古利与贝勒阿巴泰等争先赴敌，破其军，松等皆战死。是夕，明总兵马林以兵至，营于尚间崖。翌旦，移兵往攻，太祖命被创者勿往，扬古利裹创系腕，率十牛彔兵，凭高驰击，林兵大溃。七月，攻铁岭，遇蒙古贝勒介赛兵，击破之，遂获介赛。六年三月，从太祖攻沈阳，壕深堑坚，众难之；扬古利拔刀挥本旗兵先登，夺敌所植竹签以阻军者，遂克之。进攻辽阳，复先登陷阵，破其步卒，夺河桥，与明兵战于沙岭，大败之。辽阳既拔，太祖嘉其战多屡受创，命位亚八贝勒，统左翼兵，授一等总兵官，诫勿更临阵。十年，扬古利守耀州，明将毛文龙遣兵三百来攻，略城南荞麦冲，扬古利率兵追击，尽歼之。旋进三等公。」(in Chinese)
- ↑ Draft History of Qing Volume 226：「天聪三年..十月，从伐明，薄明都，击败满桂兵于城北... 军还，从贝勒阿巴泰等略通州，焚舟千馀。攻蓟州... 扬古利率正黄旗兵直前突阵，敌败走... 六年，太宗伐察哈尔，命贝勒阿巴泰等及扬古利居守，明兵来侵，诸贝勒御之。锦州战，明兵锐甚，六旗俱却，扬古利大怒，独率本旗兵奋击破之。旋复从太宗入明边，攻大同、宣府，与贝勒阿巴泰等拔灵丘，隳王家庄，取之。七年六月，太宗谘诸将兵事，扬古利言：“用兵不可旷隔，若逾年不用，敌以其时乘间修备，虑误我再举。我暇，一年再征；不暇，亦一年一征：乃为善策。我今当深入敌境克城堡，贝勒诸将已痘者驻守，未痘者从上还都。不克，则纵兵焚其村聚；民降者编伍，拒者俘以还。各旗献俘，视牛彔为多寡，兵士所获听自取。若此，则人人贪得，不待驱迫，争出私财买马，兵气益扬矣。戍边，贝勒许番代，他将卒不许番代。不耐劳苦，岂有能拓地成功业者乎？或谓用兵数，且妨农。妇子相随，且行且获，何妨农之有？朝鲜、察哈尔宜且置之，山海关外宁远、锦州亦当缓图，但深入腹地。腹地既得，朝鲜、察哈尔自来附矣。”时诸大臣所见亦略同，太宗遂定策伐明... 崇德元年五月，命武英郡王阿济格，饶馀贝勒阿巴泰及扬古利帅师伐明，入边，克畿内诸州县凡十二城，五十八战皆捷，获总兵巢丕昌等，俘十馀万。」(in Chinese)
- ↑ Draft History of Qing Volume 226：「十二月，太宗亲伐朝鲜，扬古利从。二年正月，师济汉江，屯江岸，朝鲜全罗、忠清二道兵来援，营汉城南。是月丁未，太宗命豫亲王多铎及扬古利击之，值雪，阴晦，敌阵于山下，纵兵进击，自麓至其巅，多铎鸣角，招扬古利登山督战。扬古利将驰赴，朝鲜败卒伏崖侧，窃发鸟枪，中扬古利，创重，遂卒，时年六十六。明日，多铎率兵逼敌营，朝鲜兵已夜遁，得扬古利尸以归。太宗亲临哭奠，赐御用冠服以殡。丧还，太宗迎于郊，命陪葬福陵。」(in Chinese)
- ↑ Hongzhou (2002). Complete Genealogies of the Manchu Clans and Families of the Eight Banners. Liaohai Publishing. p. 115. ISBN 9787806691892.
- ↑ Ortai (1985). Comprehensive Statutes of the Eight Banners, First Edition. Dongbei Normal University Publishing. p. 1535. ISBN 9787806268179.