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List of hybrid creatures in folklore

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Wolftaur)

The following is a list of hybrid entities from the folklore record grouped morphologically. Hybrids not found in classical mythology but developed in the context of modern popular culture are listed in § Modern fiction.

Mythology

[edit]

Head of one animal, body of another

[edit]

Mammalian bipeds

[edit]
Ganesha, with Elephant's head

Other bipeds

[edit]
Horus, with Falcon's head
A medieval depiction of a harpy as a bird-woman
  • Alkonost – A creature from Russian folklore with the head of a woman with the body of a bird, said to make beautiful sounds that make anyone who hears them forget all that they know and not want anything more ever again.
  • Bird goddess – Vinca figures of a woman with a bird head.
  • Cuca - A creature from Brazilian folklore and female counterpart of the Coco that is depicted as a witch with the head of an alligator. It will catch and eat children who disobey their parents.
  • Gamayun – A Russian creature with the head of a woman and the body of a bird.
  • Heqet – A frog-headed Egyptian god.
  • Horus, Monthu, Ra, and Seker – Each of these Egyptian gods has the head of a falcon or hawk.
  • Inmyeonjo – A creature from Korean mythology that has a bird-like body and human face.
  • Karura – A divine creature of Japanese Hindu-Buddhist mythology with the head of a bird and the torso of a human.
  • Kuk – Kuk and his counterpart Kauket respectively have the head of a frog and snake.
  • Meretseger – A cobra-headed Egyptian goddess.
  • Sirin – Half-bird, half-human creature with the head and chest of a woman from Russian folklore; its bird half is generally that of an owl.
  • Sobek – A crocodile-headed Egyptian god.
  • Thoth – An ibis-headed Egyptian god.

Quadrupeds

[edit]
'Gajasimha', Museum of Cham Sculpture

Other

[edit]
A nure-onna as depicted in Sawaki Suushi's Hyakkai-Zukan
  • Atargatis – Human face, fish body.
  • Cetus – greyhound or boar headed and bodies dolphin or whale
  • Draconcopedes (snake-feet) – "Snake-feet are large and powerful serpents, with faces very like those of human maidens and necks ending in serpent bodies" as described by Vincent of Beauvais.[7]
  • Gajamina – A creature with the head of an elephant and body of a fish.
  • Merlion – A creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish.
  • Nure-onna – A creature with the head of a woman and the body of a snake.
  • Tam Đầu Cửu Vĩ or Ông Lốt - is a divine beast with three human heads and a nine-tailed snake body, the mount of the god Ông Hoàng Bơ in Đạo Mẫu in Vietnamese folk religion.
  • Ugajin - A harvest and fertility kami of Japanese mythology with the body of a snake and the head of a bearded man, for the masculine variant or the head of a woman, for the female variant.
  • Ushi-oni – A Yōkai with the head of a bull and the body of a spider.
  • Zhuyin – A creature with the face of a man and the body of a snake.

Front of one animal, rear of another

[edit]
  • Echidna – A half-woman and half-snake monster that lives inside a cave.
  • Fu Xi – A god said to have been created by Nu Wa.
  • Glaistig – A Scottish fairy or ghost who can take the form of a goat-human hybrid.[8][9]
  • Griffin – A creature with the front quarters of an eagle and the hind quarters of a lion. Some depictions also depict it as having a snake-headed tail.
  • Harpy – A half-bird, half-woman creature of Greek mythology, portrayed sometimes as a woman with bird wings and legs.
  • Hippalectryon – A creature with the front half of a horse and the rear half has a rooster's wings, tail, and legs.
  • Hippocampus (or Hippocamp) – A Greek mythological creature that is half-horse half-fish.
  • Hippogriff – A creature with the front quarters of an eagle and hind quarters of a horse.
  • Jengu – A water spirit with the tail of a fish.
  • Ketu – An Asura who has the lower parts of a snake and said to have four arms.
  • Lamia – A female with the lower body like that of a snake and is also spelled as Lamiai. This should not be confused with the Greco-Roman Lamia.
  • Matsya – An avatar of Lord Vishnu that is half-man half-fish.
  • Merfolk – A race of half-human, half-fish creatures. The males are called Mermen and the females are called Mermaids.
    • Auvekoejak – A merman from Inuit folklore of Greenland and northern Canada that has fur on its fish tail instead of scales.
    • Ceasg – A Scottish mermaid.
    • Sirena – A mermaid from Philippine folklore.
    • Siyokoy – Mermen with scaled bodies from Philippine folklore. It is the male counterpart of the Sirena.
  • Nü Wa – A woman with the lower body of a serpent in Chinese folklore.
  • Nāga – A term referring to human/snake mixes of all kinds.
  • Onocentaur – A creature that has the upper body of a human with the lower body of a donkey and is often portrayed with only two legs.
  • Ophiotaurus – A creature that has the upper body of a bull and the lower body of a snake.
  • Peryton – A deer with the wings of a bird.
  • Sea goat – A creature that is half-goat half-fish.
  • Sea-griffin – A griffin variant with the hindquarters of a fish.
  • Sea-lion – A creature with the head and upper body of a lion and the tail of a fish.
  • Siren – Half-bird, half-woman creatures of Greek mythology who lure sailors to their deaths with their singing voices.
  • Skvader – A Swedish creature with the forequarters and hind-legs of a hare and the back, wings and tail of a female wood grouse.
  • Tatzelwurm – A creature with the face of a cat and a serpentine body.
  • Tlanchana – An aquatic deity that is part woman and part snake.
  • Triton – A Greek God and the son of Poseidon who has the same description as the Merman. Some depictions have him with two fish tails.
  • Valravn – A Danish creature that in some description is half-raven half-wolf.[10]

Body of one animal as head of another

[edit]
A Centaur fighting a man

Animals with extra parts

[edit]
Pegasus, as the horse of Muses, was put on the roof of Poznań Opera House (Max Littmann, 1910)
Detail of the embroidered dress of an Apkallu, showing a pair of 4-legged winged animals. From Nimrud, Iraq. 883-859 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul
  • Angel – Humanoid creatures who are generally depicted with bird-like wings. In Abrahamic mythology and Zoroastrianism mythology, angels are often depicted as benevolent celestial beings who act as messengers between God and humans.
  • Aralez - An Armenian winged dog-like creatures or spirits
  • Bat – An Egyptian goddess with the horns and ears of a cow.
  • Cernunnos – An ancient Gaulish/Celtic god with the antlers of a deer.
  • Fairy – A humanoid with insect-like wings.
  • Hathor – An Egyptian goddess with cow horns.
  • Horned God – A god with horns.
  • Jackalope – A jackrabbit with the horns of a whitetail deer.
  • Satyr – Originally an ancient Greek nature spirit with the body of a man, but the long tail and pointed ears of a horse.[11][12] From the beginning, satyrs were inextricably associated with drunkenness and ribaldry, known for their love of wine, music, and women.[11][12][13] By the Hellenistic Period, satyrs began to be depicted as men with the horns and legs of goats, likely due to conflation with Pan.[11][12] Satyrs were eventually conflated with the Roman fauns and, since roughly the second century AD, they have been indistinguishable from each other.[11][12][14]
    • Silenos - A tutor to Dionysus who is virtually identical to satyrs and normally indistinguishable, although sometimes depicted as more elderly.[13][12]
  • Seraph – An elite angel with multiple wings.
  • Sleipnir - Odin's magical horse with eight legs.
  • Winged cat – A cat with the wings of a bird.
  • Winged genie – A humanoid with bird wings.
  • Winged horse – A horse with the wings of a bird.
    • Pegasus - A particular winged horse from Greek mythology. Sometimes the lowercase spelling is used as a metonym for winged horses in general.
    • Tulpar - A winged horse from Turkic mythology, though not capable of flight.
  • Winged lion – A lion with the wings of a bird.

Body of one animal with legs and extra features of another

[edit]
Satyr men, satyr women, and satyr children.
  • Adlet – A human with dog legs.
  • Bes – An Egyptian god with the hindquarters of a lion.
  • Lilitu – A woman with bird legs (and sometimes wings) found in Mesopotamian mythology.
  • Faun – An ancient Roman nature spirit with the body of a man, but the legs and horns of a goat.[11][12] Originally, fauns differed from the Greek satyrs because they were less frequently associated with drunkenness and ribaldry and were instead seen as "shy, woodland creatures".[14] Starting in the first century BC, the Romans frequently conflated them with satyrs and, after the second century AD, the two became virtually indistinguishable.[11][12][14]
  • Goat people are a class of mythological beings who physically resemble humans from the waist up, and had goat-like features usually including the hind legs of goats. They fall into various categories, such as sprites, gods, demons, and demigods.[15]
  • Krampus – A Germanic mythical figure of obscure origin. It is often depicted with the legs and horns of a goat, the body of a man, and animalistic facial features.
  • Kusarikku – A demon with the head, arms, and torso of a human and the ears, horns, and hindquarters of a bull.
  • Lamia – Woman with duck feet.
  • Pan – The god of the wild and protector of shepherds, who has the body of a man, but the legs and horns of a goat. He is often heard playing a flute.
  • Sylvań – A satyr-like creature with a deer’s hooves, a fox tail, and a white coat that is woven to make their clothing.

Other hybrids of two kinds

[edit]
Garuda carrying his master Vishnu. Garuda has an eagle's head, wings and legs
  • Alebrije – A brightly colored creature from Mexican mythology.
  • Alphyn - A Heraldic creature that resembles a Tyger. Its front legs have varied from a dragons forelegs, an eagle's talons on its forelegs, or the legs or a lion.
  • Anansi - A West African god, also known as Ananse, Kwaku Ananse, and Anancy. Anansi is depicted in many different ways: sometimes he looks like an ordinary spider, sometimes he is a spider wearing clothes or with a human face, and sometimes he looks much more like a human with spider elements, such as eight legs.
  • Avatea – A Mangaian god that has the right half of a man and the left half of a fish.
  • Bingfeng - A wild boar/pig hybrid with two heads that has elongated.
  • Cerberus – A Greek mythological dog that guarded the gates of the underworld, almost always portrayed with three heads and occasionally having a mane of serpents, as well as the front half of one for a tail.
  • Drakaina – A female species from Greek mythology that is draconic in nature, primarily depicted as a woman with dragon features.
  • Feathered serpent - A Mesoamerican spirit deity that possessed a snake-like body and feathered wings.
  • Garuda – A creature that has the head, wings, and legs of an eagle and body of a man.
  • Gorgon – Each of them has snakes in place of their hair; sometimes also depicted with a snake-like lower body.
  • Jorōgumo - Type of Japanese yōkai, depicted as a spider woman manipulating small fire-breathing spiders.
  • Jumart - a fictional hybrid between a bovine and a horse or donkey in French folklore
  • Musimon - A creature that has the head and horns of a ram sheep and the horns, body, and feet of a goat.
  • Olano - A Spanish mythology creature that resembles a horse with a head of a dog.
  • Pantheon - A creature that resembles a deer with the tail of a fox.
  • Papillequine - A horse or pony with Lepidopteran wings.
  • Selkie – A seal that becomes a human by shedding its skin on land.
  • Karasu-tengu – A crow-type Tengu.
  • Uchek Langmeidong - A half-woman and half-hornbill creature in Manipuri folklore, depicted as a girl who was turned into a bird to escape from her stepmother's torture in the absence of her father.
  • Werecat – A creature that is part cat, part human, or switches between the two.
  • Werehyena - A creature that is part hyena, part human, or switches between the two.
  • Werewolf – A creature that becomes a wolf/human-like beast during the nights of the full moon, but is human otherwise.
  • Wyvern – A creature with a dragon's head and wings, a reptilian body, two legs, and a tail often ending in a diamond- or arrow-shaped tip.
  • Zamba Zaara - A hedgehog cryptid with an Ankylosauria-like tail who hits the earth and causing the earth shaking violently.

Hybrids of three kinds

[edit]
Assyrian lamassu dated 721, BCE Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago.

Hybrids of four kinds

[edit]
Horns of a goat and a ram, goat's fur and ears, nose and canines of a pig, and mouth of a dog, a typical depiction of the devil in Christian art. The goat, ram, dog and pig are animals consistently associated with the Devil.[17] Detail of a 16th-century painting by Jacob de Backer in the National Museum in Warsaw.
  • Abraxas – A god-like Gnostic creature with many different types of portrayals, many of which as different types of hybrids.
  • Dahu – A goat-like creature, known for its uneven-sized legs. It has a morphological appearance of a chamois, the horns of an ibex, a tail of a cattle, and droopy ears of a dog.
  • Chouyu - A Rabbit/hare-like creature with the face of an owl and a reptilian tail.
  • Enfield – A Heraldic creature with the head of a fox, the forelegs and sometimes wings of an eagle, the body of a lion, and the tail of a wolf.
  • Hatsadiling – A mythical creature with the head and body of a lion, trunk and tusks of an elephant, the comb of a rooster, and the wings of a bird.[18]
  • Jiao - Dog-like canine with leopard spots, ox horns, and a short tail.
  • Kamadhenu – A creature with the head of a human, the body of a cow, the wings of a pigeon, and the tail of a peacock.
  • Monoceros – A creature with the head of a deer, the body of a horse, the feet of an elephant, and the tail of a pig.
  • Nue – A Japanese Chimera with the head of a monkey, the legs of a tiger, the body of a Japanese raccoon dog, and the front half of a snake for a tail.
  • Qilin – A Chinese creature with the head and scales of a dragon, the antlers of a deer, the hooves of an ox, and the tail of a lion. The Japanese version is described as a deer-shaped dragon with the tail of an ox.
  • Questing Beast – A creature with the head and tail of a serpent, the feet of a deer, the body of a leopard, and the haunches of a lion.
  • Simurgh – A griffin-like creature of Persian mythology with the head of a dog, the body of a lion, the tail of a peacock, and the wings of a hawk.
  • Taweret – A hippopotamus-headed Egyptian goddess.
  • Tyger - A creature with the body of a tiger, the jaws of a wolf, the mane of a horse, and the tufted tail of a lion.
  • Wolpertinger – A creature with the head of a rabbit, the body of a squirrel, the antlers of a deer, and the legs and wings of a pheasant.
  • Yali – A Hindu creature with the head of a lion, the tusks of an elephant, the body of a cat, and the tail of a serpent.
  • Ypotryll – A Heraldic creature with the tusked head of a boar, the humped body of a camel, the legs and hooves of an ox or goat, and the tail of a snake.

Hybrids of more than four kinds

[edit]
Navagunjara, has limb representing eight animals, including a human hand.

Modern fiction

[edit]

The following hybrid creatures appear in modern fiction:

Dungeons & Dragons

[edit]
  • Dracimera – Half-chimera, half-dragon. It is the result of a union between a dragon and a chimera.
  • Dracotaur – Half-man, half-dragon. It debuted in Dungeons & Dragons. It also has a counterpart in the form of the Dragonspawn from the Warcraft franchise. Dragoon from the Monster Rancher franchise also fits this description due to it being a fusion of a Dragon and a Centaur.[citation needed]
  • Drider – Half-drow, half-spider, a "monster that looks like a centaur only with the bottom half of a spider instead of a horse."[20]
  • Gnoll – Vicious part-hyena part-men creatures. It debuted in Dungeons & Dragons and then spread to other franchises including Warcraft and Pathfinder. It is inspired by but does not resemble the gnoles conceived by Lord Dunsany.[21] Considered one of the "five main 'humanoid' races" in AD&D by Paul Karczag and Lawrence Schick[22] and a classic of D&D by reviewer Dan Wickline.[23] Within D&D, the demon lord Yeenoghu is worshipped by gnolls.[24]
  • Gorgimera – Half-gorgon (a monster like a catoblepas), half-chimera. It is the result of a union between a gorgon and a chimera whose goat's head is replaced by a gorgon's head.
  • Gorilla bear – A creature with the head, body, and legs of a gorilla, and the teeth and arms of a bear. It debuted in the Fiend Folio as one of the (according to TheGamer) more "silly monster designs".[25]
  • Mantimera – Half-manticore, half-chimera. It is the result of a union between a manticore and a chimera whose lion's head is replaced by a manticore's head where the creature is sterile.
  • Owlbear – A creature that is half-bear, half-owl. It debuted in Dungeons & Dragons.
  • Thessalmera – half-thessalhydra (a monster with hydra-like heads surrounding a large mouth), half-chimera. It is the result of a union between a thessalhydra and a chimera.
  • Wemic – Half-man, half-lion with a centaur-like build. It debuted in Dungeons & Dragons. It also has a counterpart in the form of the liontaur from the Quest for Glory video games.
  • Wereape - Half-man, half-ape. They have been featured in Dungeons & Dragons and have spread to other franchise like Forgotten Realms and The Wereworld Series. They come in different varieties.
    • Weregorilla - A gorilla-type wereape. Two appeared in The Wereworld Series and a monster mask of a weregorilla was advertised in episode 1 of Creepshow.
    • Wereorangutan - An orangutan-type wereape. One appeared in The Wereworld Series.
  • Wolftaur – Half-man, half-wolf with a centaur-like build. It debuted in Dungeons & Dragons. Some depictions of this creature also have wolf heads like Celious from the Monster Rancher franchise (who is depicted as a fusion of a tiger and a centaur) and AdventureQuest 3D (as a lychimera).[citation needed]

Jurassic Park

[edit]

The Jurassic Park franchise had these hybrids in the films, toylines, and video games.

Other fiction

[edit]
Cecaelia is a half-human, half-octopus.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ S Sanatombi (2014). মণিপুরী ফুংগাৱারী (in Manipuri). p. 57 – via archive.org.
  2. ↑ Regunathan, Sudhamahi (2005). Folk Tales of the North-East. Children's Book Trust. ISBN 978-81-7011-967-8.
  3. ↑ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1993). Folk Culture of Manipur. Manas Publications. ISBN 978-81-7049-063-0.
  4. ↑ Devy, G. N.; Davis, Geoffrey V.; Chakravarty, K. K. (2015-08-12). Knowing Differently: The Challenge of the Indigenous. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-32569-7.
  5. ↑ Sangeet Natak. 1985.
  6. ↑ Krasner, David (2008). Theatre in Theory 1900-2000: An Anthology. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-4051-4043-0.
  7. ↑ Franklin-Brown, Mary (2012). Reading the world : encyclopedic writing in the scholastic age. Chicago London: The University of Chicago Press. p. 258. ISBN 9780226260709.
  8. ↑ Rev. J. G. Campbell, "Superstitions of the islands and Highlands of Scotland", Scottish Celtic Review 4 (1885), pp155, 157, noted in J. G. McKay, "The Deer-Cult and the Deer-Goddess Cult of the Ancient Caledonians" Folklore 43.2 (June 1932), pp. 144–174). p. 152.
  9. ↑ Sue Weaver (16 April 2011). The Backyard Goat: An Introductory Guide to Keeping and Enjoying Pet Goats, from Feeding and Housing to Making Your Own Cheese. Storey Publishing, LLC. pp. 142–. ISBN 978-1-60342-699-2.
  10. ↑ Axel, Olrik; Falbe-Hansen, Ida (1909). Danske Folkeviser i Udvalg [Danish] (in Danish) (3rd ed.). Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Riggs, Don (2014). "Faun and Satyr". In Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew (ed.). The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters. New York City, New York and London, England: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 233–236. ISBN 978-1-4094-2563-2.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hansen, William F. (2004). Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 279–280. ISBN 978-0-19-530035-2.
  13. 1 2 West, Martin Litchfield (2007). Indo-European Poetry and Myth. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-19-928075-9.
  14. 1 2 3 Miles, Geoffrey (2009) [1999]. Classical Mythology in English Literature: A Critical Anthology. New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-203-19483-6.
  15. ↑ Nathan Robert Brown (30 September 2014). The Mythology of Grimm: The Fairy Tale and Folklore Roots of the Popular TV Show. Penguin Publishing Group. pp. 195–. ISBN 978-0-698-13788-2.
  16. ↑ Platt, Rutherford (1926). The Lost Books of the Bible and the Forgotten Books of Eden. Entry: The Book of the Secrets of Enoch chapter XII
  17. ↑ Fritscher, Jack (2004). Popular Witchcraft: Straight from the Witch's Mouth. Popular Press. p. 23. ISBN 0-299-20304-2. The pig, goat, dog, ram — all of these creatures are consistently associated with the Devil.
  18. ↑ Stratton, Carol (2004). Buddhist Sculpture of Northern Thailand. Serindia Publications, Inc. ISBN 9781932476095.
  19. ↑ "Quest for Glory Shrine - Monsters". tartarus.rpgclassics.com. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
  20. ↑ Hoffer, Chrisitan (2021-05-21). "Dungeons & Dragons' Evil Spider Goddess Gets a Major Redesign". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  21. ↑ Forest, Richard W. (2014). "Dungeons & Dragons, Monsters in". In Weinstock, Jeffrey (ed.). The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters. Ashgate Publishing.
  22. ↑ Schick, Lawrence (1991). Heroic Worlds: A History and Guide to Role-Playing Games. Prometheus Books. p. 92. ISBN 0-87975-653-5.
  23. ↑ Wickline, Dan (2016-11-16). "New Dungeons & Dragons Monster Guide Has Limited Edition Cover Option". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  24. ↑ Kunzelman, Cameron (2016-12-06). "Volo's Guide to Monsters isn't a Typical Dungeons & Dragons Monster Manual". Paste. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
  25. ↑ Bair, Scott (2019-12-12). "Some Of Dungeons & Dragons' Weirdest First Edition Monsters Are Coming Back". TheGamer. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  26. 1 2 Hayward, Philip (2017). Making a Splash. Indiana University Press. pp. 37–38. ISBN 9780861969258.
  27. ↑ Giuffre, Liz; Hayward, Philip (2023-11-27). "Harry Styles as a Cecaelia: Sexuality, Representation and Media-lore in "Music for a Sushi Restaurant"". Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture (13): 442–461. doi:10.18778/2083-2931.13.23. hdl:11089/48985. ISSN 2084-574X.
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